Pneumothorax - vacheche

Pneumothorax ndiko kuunganidzwa kwemhepo kana gasi munzvimbo iri mukati mechipfuva kutenderedza mapapu. Izvi zvinotungamira mukudonha kwemapapu.

Ichi chinyorwa chinokurukura pneumothorax muvacheche.

Pneumothorax inoitika apo mamwe emidzimu yemweya masheya (alveoli) mumapapu emwana anozadzwa nekuputika uye kuputika. Izvi zvinoita kuti mweya udonhedze munzvimbo iri pakati pemapapu uye chifuva madziro (pleural space).

Chikonzero chakanyanya kukonzera pneumothorax ndiko kufema kunetseka chirwere. Ichi chiitiko chinoitika muvacheche vanozvarwa vachiri vadiki (nguva isati yakwana).

• Mapapu emwana anoshaya chinotsvedza (surfactant) chinovabatsira kugara vakavhurika (vakafutirwa). Naizvozvo, madiki masaga emhepo haakwanise kuwedzera zviri nyore.
• Kana mwana achida muchina wekufema (mechanical ventilator), kumwe kumanikidzwa pamapapu emwana, kubva mumuchina dzimwe nguva anogona kuputika masaga emhepo.

Meconium aspiration syndrome ndechimwe chikonzero chepneumothorax muvacheche.

• Asati kana kana panguva yekuzvarwa, mwana anogona kufema mudumbu rekutanga, rinonzi meconium. Izvi zvinogona kutadzisa nzira dzekufema uye kukonzera matambudziko ekufema.

Zvimwe zvikonzero zvinosanganisira pneumonia (hutachiona hwemapapu) kana isina kugadzirwa yemapapu tishu.

Zvishoma pane zvakajairika, mumwe mucheche ane hutano anogona kukura kubuda kwemhepo kana achitora mweya wekutanga mashoma mushure mekuzvarwa. Izvi zvinoitika nekuda kwekumanikidza kunodiwa kuwedzera mapapu kekutanga. Panogona kunge paine magene anokonzera dambudziko iri.

Vazhinji vacheche vane pneumothorax havana zviratidzo. Kana zviratidzo zvikaitika, zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Ruvara rweganda rebhuruu (cyanosis)
• Kukurumidza kufema
• Kupenya kwemhino
• Kugunun'una nekufema
• Kushatirwa
• Kusadzikama
• Kushandiswa kwemamwe mapfupa uye mhasuru yemudumbu kubatsira kufema (kudzoreredza)

Mubatsiri wezvehutano anogona kunetseka kunzwa mweya wekufema kana achiteerera kumapapu emucheche ane stethoscope. Mumoyo kana ruzha ruzha runogona kuita kunge rwuri kubva kune chakasiyana chikamu chechipfuva pane zvakajairwa.

Miedzo yepneumothorax inosanganisira:

• Chest x-ray
• Chiedza chechiedza chakaiswa pachipfuva chemucheche, chinozivikanwawo se "transillumination" (homwe dzemhepo dzinozoratidza senzvimbo dzakareruka)

Vacheche vasina zviratidzo vangangoda kurapwa. Bato rezvehutano rinoongorora kufema kwemwana wako, kurova kwemoyo, mwero weoksijeni, uye ruvara rweganda. Yekuwedzera okisijeni icha kupihwa kana zvichidikanwa.

Kana mwana wako aine zviratidzo, mupi anoisa tsono kana chubhu chena inonzi catheter muchipfuva chemwana kuti abvise mweya wakaburukira muchipfuva nzvimbo.

Sezvo kurapwa kuchizotendererawo nenyaya dzemapapu dzakatungamira kune pneumothorax, inogona kugara kwemazuva kusvika kumavhiki.

Kumwe kudonha kwemhepo kuchapera mukati memazuva mashoma pasina kurapwa. Vacheche vanobviswa mweya netsono kana catheter kazhinji vanoita zvakanaka mushure mekurapwa kana pasina mamwe matambudziko emapapu.

Sezvo mweya unovaka muchipfuva, unogona kusundira moyo kuenda kune rimwe divi rechipfuva. Izvi zvinoisa kumanikidza pamapapu ese asina kudonha uye nemoyo. Aya mamiriro anonzi mhirizhonga pneumothorax. Icho chiitiko chekurapa. Inogona kukanganisa moyo nemapapu.

Pneumothorax inowanzo kuwanikwa nguva pfupi mushure mekuberekwa. Fonera waunopa kana kacheche ako kane zviratidzo zvepneumothorax.

Vaya vanopa mucheche inochengeterwa vakanyanya nzvimbo yekuchengetedza (NICU) vanofanirwa kutarisa mucheche wako nokungwarira zviratidzo zvekudonha kwemhepo.

Pulmonary mweya unodonha; Pneumothorax - neonatal

• Pneumothorax

Crowley MA. Neonatal mweya wekufema. Mune: Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC, eds. Fanaroff naMartin's Neonatal-Perinatal Mushonga. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2020: chitsamba 66.

Chiedza RW, Lee GL. Pneumothorax, chylothorax, hemothorax, uye fibrothorax. Mune: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, eds. Murray naNadel Chinyorwa cheKufema Kwemishonga. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chits 81.

Winnie GB, Haider SK, Vemana AP, Lossef SV. Pneumothorax. Mune: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Chinyorwa chePediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsiko 439.