Kuwedzera kweropa muvacheche

Yakakwira BP (hypertension) ndiko kuwedzera kwesimba reropa kurwisa tsinga dziri mumuviri. Ichi chinyorwa chinotarisa pakukwira kweropa muvacheche.

Kuwedzera kweropa kunoyera kuti moyo unoshanda zvakadii, uye kuti tsinga dzakasimba sei. Pane nhamba mbiri muyero yega yega yeropa.

• Yekutanga (yepamusoro) nhamba ndeye systolic BP, iyo inoyera simba reropa rakaburitswa kana moyo uchirova.
• Yechipiri (pasi) nhamba ndeye diastolic kumanikidza, iyo inoyera kumanikidza kuri mutsinga kana moyo wakazorora.

Kuyera kweropa zviyero zvakanyorwa nenzira iyi: 120/80. Imwe kana ese ari maviri manhamba anogona kuve akakwirira zvakanyanya.

Zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvinokanganisa BP, kusanganisira:

• Mahormone
• Hutano hwemwoyo nemidziyo yeropa
• Hutano hweitsvo

Kuwedzera kweropa muvacheche kunogona kunge kuri nekuda kweitsvo kana chirwere chemwoyo icho chiripo pakuzvarwa (congenital). Mienzaniso yakajairwa inosanganisira:

• Kubatana kweaorta (kudzikisira kweropa hombe reropa remwoyo unonzi aorta)
• Patent ductus arteriosus (muropa reropa pakati peaorta uye pulmonary arteri inofanirwa kuvhara mushure mekuzvarwa, asi inoramba yakavhurika)
• Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (yemapapu mamiriro ayo anokanganisa vacheche vachangozvarwa vanogona kuiswa pamushini wekufema mushure mekuzvarwa kana kuti vakazvarwa mangwanani-ngwanani)
• Itsvo chirwere chinosanganisira itsvo tishu
• Renal artery stenosis (kudzikisira kweropa hombe reropa reitsvo)

Muvacheche vachangozvarwa, kuwedzerwa kweropa kunowanzo kukonzerwa neropa rakavhara mumutsipa weropa weitsvo, chinetso chekuve neaciltery yemuburi.

Zvimwe zvikonzero zvekukwira kweropa muvacheche zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Mimwe mishonga
• Kuratidzirwa kune zvinodhaka zvisiri pamutemo zvakadai secocaine
• Mamwe mamota
• Mamiriro enhaka (matambudziko anomhanya mumhuri)
• Zvinetso zvehutachiona

Ropa rinomuka apo mwana anokura. Ivhareji yeropa kumwana achangozvarwa ndeye 64/41. Ivhareji yekumanikidza kweropa mumwana mwedzi mumwe kusvika pamakore maviri ndeye 95/58. Zvakajairika kuti nhamba idzi dzisiyane.

Vazhinji vacheche vane BP yakakwira havazove nezviratidzo. Pane kudaro, zviratidzo zvinogona kunge zvine chekuita nemamiriro ezvinhu anokonzera kukwirira kweropa. Zviratidzo izvi zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Bluish ganda
• Kukundikana kukura uye kuwedzera uremu
• Kazhinji urinary turakiti hutachiona
• Ganda rakachenuruka (pallor)
• Kukurumidza kufema

Zviratidzo zvinogona kuoneka kana mwana ane yakakwira BP.

• Kushatirwa
• Kufenda
• Kunetseka kufema
• Kusvipa

Muzviitiko zvakawanda, chiratidzo chega chepamusoro cheBP ndiko kuyerwa kweropa pachako.

Zviratidzo zvekukwira kwazvo kweropa zvinosanganisira:

• Kutadza kwemoyo
• Itsvo kutadza
• Kukurumidza kupisa

Ropa kumanikidza muvacheche rinotaridzwa ne otomatiki mudziyo.

Kana kuumbana kweaorta ndiko kuri kukonzeresa, panogona kunge paine kudzikira kwemapundu kana kumanikidza kweropa mumakumbo. Kubaya kunogona kunzwika kana bicuspid aortic vharafu ikaitika pamwe nekubatana.

Mimwe miedzo muvacheche vane yakakwira BP ichaedza kutsvaga chinokonzera dambudziko. Miedzo yakadaro inogona kusanganisira:

• Rabhoritari bvunzo, kusanganisira ropa uye weti bvunzo
• X-ray dzechifuva kana dumbu
• Ultrasound, inosanganisira iyo ultrasound yemoyo unoshanda (echocardiogram) uye yeitsvo
• MRI yemidziyo yeropa
• Rudzi rwakakosha rwe x-ray inoshandisa dhayi kutarisa pamitsipa yeropa (angiography)

Mushonga unoenderana nechikonzero cheBP yakakwira mucheche. Kurapa kunogona kusanganisira:

• Dialysis yekurapa itsvo kutadza
• Mishonga yekuderedza BP kana kubatsira moyo kupomba zvirinani
• Kuvhiya (kusanganisira kuvhiya kwekuchinjisa kana kugadzirisa kwecoarctation)

Kunyatsoita mwana zvinoenderana nechikonzero cheBP uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita se:

• Mamwe matambudziko ehutano mumwana
• Kunyangwe kukuvara (kwakadai sekukuvara kweitsvo) kwakaitika semhedzisiro yeropa

Kusarapwa, kuwedzerwa kweropa kunogona kutungamira ku:

• Kutadza kwemoyo kana itsvo
• Kukuvara kwemuviri
• Kufenda

Fonera wako mupi wezvehutano kana mwana wako:

• Inotadza kukura uye kuwedzera uremu
• Ine ganda rebhuruu
• Une kazhinji urinary turakiti hutachiona
• Inoita seyakagumbuka
• Matai nyore

Tora mwana wako kudhipatimendi rekukurumidzira kana mwana wako:

• Ine pfari
• Haisi kupindura
• Iri kurutsa nguva dzose

Zvimwe zvezvikonzero zveBP yakakwira mumhuri. Taura nemupi wako usati wabata pamuviri kana uine nhoroondo yemhuri ye:

• Congenital chirwere chemoyo
• Kuwedzera kweropa
• Chirwere cheitsvo

Taura zvakare nemupi wako usati wabata pamuviri kana ukatora mushonga wedambudziko rehutano. Kuratidzwa kwemamwe madhiragi mudumbu kunogona kuwedzera njodzi yemwana wako yekuva nezvinetso zvinogona kukonzera kukwira kweropa.

Hypertension - vacheche

• Inobvisa catheter
• Kubatana kweaorta

Flynn JT. Neonatal hypertension. Mune: Gleason CA, Juul SE, eds. Zvirwere zveAvery zveMucheche. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chits. 93.

Macumber IR, Flynn JT. Systemic neBP. Mune: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Chinyorwa chePediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 472.

Sinha MD, Reid C. Systemic hypertension. Muna: Wernovsky G, Anderson RH, Kumar K, et al, eds. Anderson's Pediatric Cardiology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsiko 60.