Zvinotapira - zvinotsiva shuga

Shuga zvinotsiva zvinhu zvinoshandiswa panzvimbo yezvinhu zvinotapira zvine shuga (sucrose) kana shuga alcohol. Ivo vanogona zvakare kunzi zvekugadzira zvinotapira, zvisina-zvinovaka muviri zvinotapira (NNS), uye noncaloric zvinotapira.

Shuga zvinotsiva zvinogona kubatsira kune vanhu vari kuyedza kudzikisa huremu. Ivo vanopa kutapira kuzvikafu uye zvinwiwa pasina kuwedzera akawanda emamwe macalorie. Mazhinji eaya ane anenge asina macalorie.

Kushandisa zvinotsiva shuga panzvimbo yeshuga kunogona kubatsira kudzivirira kuora kwemazino. Ivo zvakare vanogona kubatsira neropa rekudzora shuga mukati mevanhu vane chirwere cheshuga.

Shuga zvinotsiva zvinogona kuwedzerwa kune chikafu kana iwe uchidya. Mazhinji anogona zvakare kushandiswa panguva yekubika uye kubheka. Mazhinji zvigadzirwa "zvisina shuga" kana zvakaderera zvine macalorie zvaunotenga kuchitoro zvinogadzirwa uchishandisa zvinotsiva shuga.

Kazhinji inoshandiswa shuga inotsiva inosanganisira:

Aspartame (Yakaenzana uye NutraSweet)

• Nutritive sweetener - ine macalorie, asi inotapira kwazvo, saka zvishoma zvinodiwa.
• Mubatanidzwa wemaviri amino acids - phenylalanine uye aspartic acid.
• 200 nguva inotapira kupfuura sucrose.
• Inorasikirwa nekutapira kwayo painoratidzwa pakupisa. Inonyanya kushandiswa muzvinwiwa pane kubheka.
• Yakanyatsodzidza, uye haina kuratidza chero zvakakomba mhedzisiro.
• FDA yakatenderwa. (Iyo FDA inoda kuti chikafu chine aspartame chinofanira kutakura chirevo chemashoko kune vanhu vane PKU (phenylketonuria, chisingawanzoitika geni kusagadzikana) ichivayambira nezve kuvapo kwe phenylalanine.)

Sucralose (Splenda)

• Asiri-ane hutano anotapira - kwete kana akadzika kwazvo macalorie
• 600 times inotapira kupfuura sucrose
• Inoshandiswa mune zvakawanda zvekudya uye zvinwiwa, kutsenga chingamu, mazaya echando echingwa, zvinhu zvakabikwa, uye gelatin
• Inogona kuwedzerwa kune chikafu patafura kana kushandiswa mune zvakabikwa zvinhu
• FDA yakatenderwa

Saccharin (Yakanaka 'N Yakadzika, Yakanaka Twin, NectaSweet)

• Asina-kutapira zvinotapira
• 200 kusvika 700 nguva inotapira kupfuura sucrose
• Inoshandiswa mune zvakawanda zvekudya zvekudya uye zvinwiwa
• Unogona kuve neinovava kana yesimbi yekupedzisira mune zvimwe zvinwiwa
• Kwete kushandiswa mukubika uye kubheka
• FDA yakatenderwa

Stevia (Truvia, Yakachena Via, Zuva Makristasi)

• Asina-kutapira zvinotapira.
• Yakagadzirwa kubva kumuti Stevia rebaudiana, iyo inorimwa nemashizha ayo anotapira.
• Rebaudiana mushoma inogamuchirwa seyakawedzera chikafu. Inofungidzirwa kuve yekuwedzera yekudya.
• Kazhinji inozivikanwa seyakachengeteka (GRAS) neDFA.

Acesulfame K (Sunett uye Yakanaka Imwe)

• Asina-kutapira zvinotapira
• 200 inotapira kupfuura shuga
• Kupisa-kwakagadzikana, kunogona kushandiswa mukubika nekubika
• Inogona kuwedzerwa kune chikafu patafura
• Inoshandiswa pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinotapira, senge saccharin, mune zvinwiwa zvine kabhoni zvine mwero uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa
• Yakawanda yakafanana netafura yeshuga mukuravira uye dhizaini
• FDA yakatenderwa

Neotame (Newtame)

• Asina-kutapira zvinotapira
• 7,000 kusvika ku13,000 inotapira kupfuura shuga
• Inoshandiswa mune zvakawanda zvekudya zvekudya uye zvinwiwa
• Inogona kushandiswa kubheka
• Inoshandiswa seinotapira patafura
• FDA yakatenderwa

Monk Chibereko (Luo Han Guo)

• Asina-kutapira zvinotapira
• Kudyara-kwakavakirwa kudonhedzwa kwemamon michero, rakatenderera girini vhiri rinomera kumaodzanyemba kweChina
• 100 kusvika 250 nguva inotapira kupfuura sucrose
• Kupisa kwakatsiga uye kunogona kushandiswa mukubika nekubika uye yakanyanya kukosheswa kupfuura shuga (¼ teaspoon kana 0.5 magiramu zvakaenzana kutapira kwe 1 teaspoon kana 2.5 gramu shuga)
• Kazhinji inozivikanwa seyakachengeteka (GRAS) neDFA

Advantame

• Asina-kutapira zvinotapira
• 20, 000 nguva inotapira kupfuura shuga
• Inoshandiswa seyese inotapira uye kupisa kwakasimba, saka inogona kushandiswa mukubheka
• Kwete inowanzo shandiswa
• FDA yakatenderwa

Vanhu vanowanzove nemibvunzo nezve kuchengetedzeka uye hutano mhedzisiro yevanotsiva shuga. Ongororo dzakawanda dzakaitwa pane vanobvumirwa neshuga inogamuchirwa neDFA, uye vakaratidzirwa kuva vakachengeteka. Kubva pane izvi zvidzidzo, iyo FDA inoti ivo vakachengeteka kuti ishandiswe kune huwandu hwevanhu.

Aspartame haina kukurudzirwa kune vanhu vane PKU. Muviri wavo haugone kuputsa imwe yeamino acids anoshandiswa kugadzira aspartame.

Pane humbowo hushoma hwekutsigira kushandiswa kana kudzivirira kwevanotsiva shuga panguva yekuzvitakura. FDA-inogamuchirwa zvinotapira zvakanaka kushandisa zvine mwero. Nekudaro, iyo American Medical Association inokurudzira kudzivirira saccharin panguva yekuzvitakura nekuda kwekukwanisa kunonoka kubvumidzwa kwechibereko.

Iyo FDA inodzora ese anotsiva shuga anotengeswa kana kushandiswa muzvikafu zvakagadzirwa muUnited States. Iyo FDA yakagadza chinogamuchirwa chezuva nezuva chinwiwa (ADI). Iyi ndiyo huwandu hunogona kudyiwa nemunhu zvakachengeteka zuva rega rega pamusoro pehupenyu. Vanhu vazhinji vanodya zvakaderera zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo ADI.

Muna 2012, iyo American Heart Association uye iyo American Diabetes Association yakaburitsa mushumo uyo wakagumisa kuti kushandiswa zvine musoro kwevamiririri vetsvigiri kunogona kubatsira kudzikisa kudya kwecalori uye makabhohaidhiretsi. Kuwedzera kutsvagurudza kuchiri kudikanwa. Iko hakuna zvakare humbowo hwakakwana panguva ino kuti uone kana shuga chinotsiva chishandiso chinotungamira mukudzikira kwekurema kana kudzikira kwechirwere chemwoyo.

Yakakwirira-kusimba zvinotapira; Asina-zvinovaka muviri zvinotapira - (NNS); Zvinovaka muviri zvinotapira; Noncaloric zvinotapira; Dzimwe nzira dzeshuga

Aronson JK. Zvigadzirwa zvinotapira. Mune: Aronson JK, ed. Meyler's Side Migumisiro yeMishonga. 16 ed. Waltham, MA: Elsevier; 2016: 713-716.

Gardner C, Wylie-Rosett J, Gidding SS, uye al; American Heart Association Nutrition Committee yeKanzuru paNutrition, Chiitiko chePanyama neMetabolism, Kanzuru yeArteriosclerosis, Thrombosis uye Vascular Biology, Kanzuru yeCardiovascular Disease muVadiki, uye American Diabetes Association. Asina kukwana zvinozipa zvinotapira: mashandisiro azvino uye maonero ehutano: chirevo chesainzi kubva kuAmerican Heart Association uye American Diabetes Association. Kutenderera. 2012; 126 (4): 509-519. PMID: 22777177 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22777177/.

National Cancer Institute webhusaiti. Chakagadzirwa zvinotapira nekenza. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/artificial-sweeteners-fact-sheet. Yakagadziridzwa Nyamavhuvhu 10, 2016. Yakasvika Gumiguru 11, 2019.

Dhipatimendi reUS rehutano neHuman Services uye webhusaiti reDhipatimendi rezvekurima reUS. 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines kune veAmerica. Yechisere Edition. health.gov/sites/default/files/2019-09/2015-2020_Dietary_Guidelines.pdf. Yakagadziridzwa Zvita 2015. Yakasvika Gumiguru 11, 2019.

US Chikafu neDrug Administration webhusaiti. Yakakwirira-yakasimba simba zvinotapira. www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/high-intensity-sweeteners. Yakagadziridzwa Zvita 19, 2017. Yakasvika Gumiguru 11, 2019.

US Chikafu neDrug Administration webhusaiti. Yekuwedzera ruzivo nezve yakakwira-yakasimba simba zvinotapira zvinotenderwa kushandiswa muzvikafu muUnited States. www.fda.gov/food/food-additives-petitions/additional-information-about-high-intensity-sweeteners-permited-use-food-united-states. Yakagadziridzwa Kukadzi 8, 2018. Yakasvika Gumiguru 11, 2019.