Pneumonia muvana - nharaunda yakawanikwa

Pneumonia chirwere chemapapu chinokonzerwa nehutachiona, hutachiona, kana fungi.

Ichi chinyorwa chinofukidza nharaunda-yakawanikwa pneumonia (CAP) muvana. Mhando yemabayo inoitika muvana vane hutano avo vasina kunge vachangobva muchipatara kana imwe nzvimbo yekuchengetedza hutano.

Bayo iro rinobata vanhu munzvimbo dzekuchengetedza hutano, zvakaita sezvipatara, rinowanzo kukonzerwa noutachiona hwakaoma kurapa.

Utachiona ndicho chinonyanya kukonzera mabayo muvacheche nevana.

Nzira dzinogona kuwana mwana wako CAP dzinosanganisira:

• Hutachiona nemavhairasi anogara mumhino, zvitadzo, kana muromo zvinogona kutapukira kumapapu.
• Mwana wako anogona kufema mamwe eaya utachiona akananga mumapapu.
• Mwana wako anofemera chikafu, zvinwiwa, kana kurutsa kubva mumuromo kuenda mumapapu ake.

Njodzi zvinhu zvinowedzera mukana wemwana wekutora CAP zvinosanganisira:

• Kuva mudiki pane mwedzi mitanhatu yemakore
• Kuzvarwa nguva isati yakwana
• Kuremara kwekuzvarwa, kwakadai sekutsemuka
• Nzira dzinotyisa, dzakadai sekugumburwa kana kuora mitezo
• Chirwere chemwoyo kana chemapapu chiripo pakuzvarwa
• Immune system isina kusimba (izvi zvinogona kuitika nekuda kwekurapwa nekenza kana chirwere chakadai seHIV / AIDS)
• Kuvhiya kwazvino kana kushungurudzika

Zviratidzo zvakajairika zvemabayo muvana zvinosanganisira:

• Yakakwenenzverwa kana kumhanyisa mhino, kutemwa nemusoro
• Kukosora kukuru
• Fivha, ingave yakapfava kana yakakwira, ine kutonhora uye kudikitira
• Kukurumidza kufema, nemhino dzakaputika uye kumanikidza kwetsandanyama pakati pembabvu
• Kushungurudza
• Kupinza kana kubaya kurwadziwa kwepfupa kunowedzera kana uchifema zvakadzama kana kukosora
• Simba shoma uye malaise (kusanzwa mushe)
• Kurutsa kana kurasikirwa nechido

Zviratidzo zvakajairika muvana vane hutachiona hwakanyanya zvinosanganisira:

• Miromo yebhuruu nenzara nekuda kweoxygen shoma muropa
• Kuvhiringidzika kana kuomesa zvakanyanya

Anopa hutano anoteerera chipfuva chemwana wako ne stethoscope. Iye mupi anoteerera kutsemuka kana kusanzwisisika mweya mweya. Kubaya pamadziro echifuva (kurovera) kunobatsira mupi kuteerera uye kunzwa manzwi asina kujairika.

Kana pneumonia ichifungidzirwa, mupi angangodaro arayire chest x-ray.

Mimwe bvunzo inogona kusanganisira:

• Arterial gasi reropa kuti uone kana okisijeni yakakwana iri kupinda muropa remwana wako kubva mumapapu
• Ropa tsika uye sputum tsika yekutsvaga hutachiona hunogona kunge huri kukonzera mabayo
• CBC kutarisa chena yeropa masero kuverenga
• Chest X-ray kana CT scan yechipfuva
• Bronchoscopy - inochinjika chubhu ine yakavhenekera kamera kumagumo yakapfuura pasi mumapapu (mune zvisingawanzoitika zviitiko)
• Kubvisa mvura kubva munzvimbo iri pakati pekunze kwemapapu uye rusvingo rwechipfuva (mune zvisingawanzoitika zviitiko)

Iye mupi anofanira kutanga afunga kana mwana wako achida kunge ari muchipatara.

Kana ukarapwa muchipatara, mwana wako achagamuchira:

• Fluid, electrolyte, uye maantibhakitiriya kuburikidza netsinga kana muromo
• Oxygen kurapa
• Kufema kurapa kubatsira kuvhura iyo yemhepo

Mwana wako anowanzo gamuchirwa kuchipatara kana ivo:

• Iva nerimwe dambudziko rakakomba rekurapa, kusanganisira renguva refu (chisingaperi) nyaya dzehutano senge cystic fibrosis kana chirwere cheshuga mellitus
• Iva nezviratidzo zvakakomba
• Kutadza kudya kana kunwa
• Ari pasi pemwedzi mitatu kusvika kumitanhatu
• Iva nemabayo nekuda kwehutachiona hunokuvadza
• Watora mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kumba, asi haisi kuita zvirinani

Kana mwana wako aine CAP inokonzerwa nebhakitiriya, mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya ichapihwa. Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya haina kupihwa pneumonia inokonzerwa nehutachiona. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya haiuraye hutachiona. Mimwe mishonga, senge antivirals, inogona kupihwa kana mwana wako aine furuwenza.

Vana vazhinji vanogona kurapwa kumba. Kana zvirizvo, mwana wako anogona kutora mishonga yakadai semishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kana maantivirals.

Paunenge uchipa mishonga yekurwisa mabhakitiriya kumwana wako:

• Ita shuwa kuti mwana wako haashaye chero madosi.
• Ita shuwa kuti mwana wako atora mishonga yese sekurairwa. Usarega kupa mushonga, kunyangwe mwana wako paanotanga kunzwa zvirinani.

Usape mwana wako mushonga wekukosora kana wekutonhora kunze kwekunge chiremba ati zvanaka. Kukosora kunobatsira muviri kubvisa marutsi kubva mumapapu.

Dzimwe nhanho dzekutarisira pamba dzinosanganisira:

• Kuti uunze mamukisi kubva mumapapu, bata chipfuva chemwana wako zvinyoro nyoro zvishoma pazuva. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa sezvo mwana wako akarara pasi.
• Ita kuti mwana wako atore kufema kwakapetwa kaviri kana katatu paawa. Kufema kwakadzika kunobatsira kuvhura mapapu emwana wako.
• Iva nechokwadi chekuti mwana wako anonwa zvinwiwa zvakawanda. Kumbira mupiki wako kuti mwana wako anofanira kunwa zvakadii zuva rega rega.
• Ita kuti mwana wako awane zororo rakawanda, kusanganisira kurara zuva rese kana zvichidikanwa.

Vazhinji vana vanovandudza mumazuva manomwe kusvika gumi nemabatirwo. Vana vane pneumonia yakaoma nematambudziko vangangoda kurapwa kwemasvondo maviri kusvika matatu. Vana vari panjodzi yekukanganisa zvakanyanya mabayo anosanganisira:

• Vana vane immune system yavo isingashande zvakanaka
• Vana vane mapapu kana chirwere chemwoyo

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvinetso zvakakomba zvinogona kukura, kusanganisira:

• Shanduko dzinotyisidzira hupenyu mumapapu inoda muchina wekufema (ventilator)
• Fluid yakatenderedza mapapu, iyo inogona kutapukirwa
• Mapapu anoputika
• Hutachiona muropa (bacteremia)

Iye mupi anogona kuraira imwe x-ray. Izvi ndezvekuve nechokwadi chekuti mapapu emwana wako akajeka. Zvinogona kutora mavhiki mazhinji kuti x-ray ibude. Mwana wako anogona kunzwa zvirinani kwechinguva x-ray isati yajeka.

Fonera mupiki kana mwana wako aine zvinotevera zviratidzo:

• Kukosora kwakashata
• Kuoma kufema (kurira, kugunun'una, kufema nekukurumidza)
• Kusvipa
• Kupererwa nechido
• Fivha uye kutonhora
• Kufema (kufema) zviratidzo zvinowedzera
• Kurwadziwa pachifuva kunowedzera kana kukosora kana kufemera mukati
• Zviratidzo zvemabayo uye isina simba immune system (senge neHIV kana chemotherapy)
• Kuwedzera zviratidzo mushure mekutanga kuve nani

Dzidzisa vana vakura kugeza maoko nguva zhinji:

• Usati wadya chikafu
• Mushure mekufemera mhino
• Mushure mekuenda kuchimbuzi
• Mushure mekutamba neshamwari
• Mushure mekusangana nevanhu vanorwara

Mishonga yekudzivirira zvirwere inogona kubatsira kudzivirira mamwe mabayo. Ive neshuwa yekutora mwana wako jekiseni ne:

• Pneumococcal jekiseni
• Mushonga wefuru
• Pertussis vaccine uye Hib jekiseni

Kana vacheche vachiri vadiki kwazvo kuti vange vasina kubayiwa nhomba, vabereki kana vanochengeta vanogona kuzvidzivirira kubva kuzvirwere zvinodzivirirwa nemabayo.

Bronchopneumonia - vana; Nharaunda-yakawanikwa mabayo - vana; CAP - vana

• Chirwere chemabayo

Bradley JS, Byington CL, Shah SS, et al. Executive pfupiso: manejimendi enharaunda-yakawanikwa pneumonia muvacheche uye vana vane makore anopfuura matatu ezera: kiriniki yekudzidzira nhungamiro nePediatric Infectious Diseases Society yeAmerica. Clin Infect Dis. 2011; 53 (7): 617-630. PMID: 21890766 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21890766/.

Kelly MS, Sandora TJ. Nharaunda-yakawanikwa pneumonia. Mune: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Chinyorwa chePediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 428.

Shah SS, Bradley JS. Chiremba vemunharaunda-vakawana pneumonia. Mune: Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ. Feigin naCherry's Bhuku reBhuku rePediatric Infectious Diseases. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chitsiko 22.