Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Zvemukati

• Ndezvipi zviratidzo zve AML?
• Chii chinokonzera AML?
• Chii chinomutsa njodzi yako ye AML?
• AML inorongwa sei?
• AML inoonekwa sei?
• Ndedzipi nzira dzekurapa dze AML?
• Kuregererwa induction kurapwa
• Kubatanidza kurapa
• Chii chinotarisirwa munguva refu kune vanhu vane AML?
• Unogona sei kudzivirira AML?

Chii chinonzi acute myeloid leukemia (AML)?

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) igomarara rinoitika muropa rako nemongo wefupa.

AML inokanganisa masero machena eropa (WBCs) emuviri wako, zvichivaita kuti vagadzire zvisina kujairika. Mumakondombera akaomarara, huwandu hwemasero asina kujairika anokura nekukurumidza.

Mamiriro acho anozivikanwawo nemazita anotevera:

• chakakomba myelocytic leukemia
• chakakomba myelogenous leukemia
• chakakomba granulocytic leukemia
• acute non-lymphocytic leukemia

Iko kune inofungidzirwa 19,520 mitsva mitsva yeAML gore rega rega muUnited States, sekureva kweNational Cancer Institute (NCI).

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zve AML?

Mumatanho ayo ekutanga, zviratidzo zveAML zvinogona kufanana nefuruu uye unogona kuve nefivha uye kuneta.

Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira:

• kurwadziwa kwepfupa
• kazhinji kubuda mhino
• kubuda ropa nekuzvimba matadza
• kupwanya kuri nyore
• kudikitira zvakanyanya (kunyanya husiku)
• mweya wekufema
• kusanzwisisika kuonda
• inorema kupfuura zvakajairwa nguva muvakadzi

Chii chinokonzera AML?

AML inokonzerwa nekusagadzikana muDNA inodzora kukura kwemasero mumapfupa ako.

Kana iwe uine AML, pfupa rako repfupa rinogadzira akawanda maWBCs asina kukura. Aya maseru asina kujairika anozopedzisira ave leukemic WBCs inonzi myeloblasts.

Aya maseru asina kujairika anovaka uye anotsiva maseru ane hutano. Izvi zvinokonzeresa kuti mwongo wemapfupa wako umire kushanda nemazvo, zvichiita kuti muviri wako ubatwe nezvirwere.

Hazvina kunyatsojeka kuti chii chinokonzera kuchinja kweDNA. Vamwe vanachiremba vanotenda kuti zvinogona kunge zvine chekuita nekuratidzwa kune mamwe makemikari, radiation, uye kunyange zvinodhaka zvinoshandiswa chemotherapy.

Chii chinomutsa njodzi yako ye AML?

Ngozi yako yekuvandudza AML inowedzera nezera. Iyo yepakati zera yemunhu anoonekwa aine AML ndeye makumi matanhatu neshanu, uye mamiriro acho haawanzo kuoneka muvana.

AML yakajairika kuvarume kupfuura vakadzi, kunyange ichikanganisa vakomana nevasikana pamitengo yakaenzana.

Kusvuta fodya kunofungidzirwa kuwedzera njodzi yako yekukudziridza AML. Kana iwe ukashanda muindasitiri uko iwe ungangodaro wakaratidzirwa kumakemikari senge benzene, iwe uri zvakare pangozi yakanyanya.

Ngozi yako inokwirawo kana uine chirwere cheropa senge myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) kana chirwere chemagene senge Down syndrome.

Izvi zvinhu zvine njodzi hazvireve kuti iwe uchafanirwa kugadzira AML. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinokwanisika kuti iwe ugadzire AML usina kana chimwe chezviitiko izvi zvine njodzi.

AML inorongwa sei?

Sangano reWorld Health Organisation (WHO) rinosanganisira aya akasiyana AML mapoka:

• AML ine kudzokororwa kwemajini kusagadzikana, senge chromosomal shanduko
• AML ine shanduko dzine chekuita ne myelodysplasia
• kurapwa-kwakabatana myeloid neoplasms, iyo inogona kukonzerwa nemwaranzi kana chemotherapy
• AML, isina kutaurwa neimwe nzira
• myeloid sarcoma
• myeloid kuwanda kwe Down syndrome
• acute leukemia yeanosiyana mutsara

Subtypes dze AML zvakare dziripo mukati memapoka aya. Mazita ema subtypes aya anogona kuratidza shanduko yechromosomal kana shanduko yemagetsi yakakonzera iyo AML.

Mumwe weakadai AML ine t (8; 21), uko shanduko inoitika pakati pemakromosomes 8 ne21.

Kusiyana nemamwe makenza mazhinji, AML haina kukamurwa muzvikamu zvekenza zvetsika.

AML inoonekwa sei?

Chiremba wako achaita bvunzo yemuviri uye otarisa kuzvimba kwechiropa chako, lymph node, uye spleen. Chiremba wako anogona zvakare kuraira kuongororwa kweropa kuti atarise kushomeka uye kuona yako WBC mazinga.

Nepo kuongororwa kweropa kuchizobatsira chiremba wako kuona kana paine dambudziko, bvunzo dzemongo wemapfupa kana biopsy inodiwa kuti uongorore AML zvine mutsindo.

Muenzaniso wemongo wemapfupa unotorwa nekuisa tsono refu muhudyu mako. Dzimwe nguva chipfuva chepachipfuva ndiyo nzvimbo yebhiopsy. Muenzaniso unotumirwa kubazi rekuyedzwa.

Chiremba wako anogonawo kuita pombi yemuzongoza, kana kubvaruka kwechiuno, izvo zvinosanganisira kubvisa fluid kubva kumusana wako nekatsono kadiki. Mvura inotariswa kuvepo kwemasero eleukemia.

Ndedzipi nzira dzekurapa dze AML?

Kurapa kwe AML kunosanganisira zvikamu zviviri:

Kuregererwa induction kurapwa

Kuregererwa induction Therapy inoshandisa chemotherapy kuuraya ayo aripo eleukemia maseru mumuviri wako.

Vazhinji vanhu vanogara muchipatara panguva yekurapwa nekuti chemotherapy inourayawo maseru ane hutano, kukwidza njodzi yako yekutapukirwa uye kubuda kweropa zvisina kujairika.

Mune imwe nzira isingawanzoitika ye AML inonzi acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), anticancer zvinodhaka zvakaita se arsenic trioxide kana yese-trans retinoic acid inogona kushandiswa kunongedza chaiko shanduko mumasero eukemia. Iyi mishonga inouraya masero eleukemia uye inomisa maseru asina hutano kubva pakupatsanuka.

Kubatanidza kurapa

Kubatanidza kurapa, kunozivikanwawo senge post-remission therapy, kwakakosha mukuchengetedza AML mukuregererwa uye kudzivirira kudzokazve. Chinangwa chekubatanidza kurapa ndechekuparadza chero masero eleukemia asara.

Iwe ungangoda stem cell kuisirwa yekubatanidza kurapwa. Masero esisitimu anowanzo shandiswa kubatsira muviri wako kuburitsa mitsva uye ine hutano masero emongo.

Masero emadzinde anogona kubva kumupi. Kana iwe wakambove neleukemia yakaenda mukuregererwa, chiremba wako anogona kunge akabvisa uye akachengeta mamwe ako maseru maseru kuitira kuisirwa mune ramangwana, inozivikanwa seye autologous stem cell yekuisa.

Kuwana maseru kubva kune anopa kune njodzi dzakawanda pane kutora kuiswa kwakagadzirwa neyako masero masero. Kuisirwa yako wega maseru maseru, zvisinei, kunosanganisira mukana wakakura wekudzokazve nekuti mamwe maseru ekare eukemia anogona kunge aripo mumuenzaniso wakatorwa kubva mumuviri wako.

Chii chinotarisirwa munguva refu kune vanhu vane AML?

Kana zvasvika pamhando zhinji dzeAML, kwakapoteredza zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvevanhu vanokwanisa kuwana kuregererwa, sekureva kweAmerican Cancer Society (ACS).

Kuregererwa kwacho kunokwira kusvika pamakumi mapfumbamwe muzana kuvanhu vane APL. Kuregererwa kunoenderana nezvinhu zvakasiyana, senge zera remunhu.

Makore mashanu ekupona kwevaAmerican vane AML ndeye 27.4 muzana. Iyo makore mashanu ekupona kwevana vane AML iri pakati pe60 uye 70 muzana.

Nekutanga-chikamu kuona uye nekukurumidza kurapwa, kuregererwa kunonyanya kuitika muvanhu vazhinji. Kana zvese zviratidzo nezviratidzo zveAML zvanyangarika, unofungidzirwa kunge uri mukuregererwa. Kana iwe uri mukuregererwa kweanopfuura makore mashanu, iwe unofungidzirwa kurapwa kwe AML.

Kana iwe ukaona kuti une zviratidzo zve AML, ronga musangano nachiremba wako kuti uzokurukura nezvazvo. Iwe unofanirwa zvakare kutsvaga kurapwa nekukurumidza kana iwe uine chero zviratidzo zvehutachiona kana fivha isingaperi.

Unogona sei kudzivirira AML?

Kana iwe ukashanda uchitenderedza makemikari ane njodzi kana radiation, ita shuwa yekupfeka chero uye zvese zviripo zvekudzivirira giya kudzikisira kuratidzwa kwako.

Nguva dzose ona chiremba kana iwe uine chero zviratidzo zvauri kunetsekana nazvo.