Bacteriophage: chii zvazviri, maitiro ekuziva uye hupenyu hupenyu (lytic uye lysogenic)

Zvemukati

• Unhu hwebacteriophage
• Zvinoitika sei lytic uye lysogenic macircule
• Lytic kutenderera
• Lysogenic kutenderera
• Chii chinonzi phage kurapwa

Bacteriophages, inozivikanwawo semapaji, iboka remavhairasi anokwanisa kutapura uye kuwanda mukati memasero ebacteria uye ayo, kana abva, anokurudzira kuparadzwa kwavo.

Bacteriophages aripo munzvimbo dzinoverengeka, uye anogona kusarudzika kubva kumvura, ivhu, zvigadzirwa zvechikafu uye kunyange mamwe ma microorganisms. Kunyangwe ichigonawo kuve iripo mumuviri, kunyanya paganda, munzvimbo yemuromo, mumapapu uye mune weti uye nematumbo masisitimu, bacteriophages haakonzere zvirwere kana shanduko mumuviri wemunhu, nekuti vane zvavanoda zveprokaryotic masero, ndokuti, mashoma maseru akashanduka, senge mabhakitiriya.

Uye zvakare, ivo vanokwanisa kumutsidzira immune mhinduro yemuviri, zvekuti ivo havakwanise kuita pane zvidiki zvine chekuita nekushanda kwakanaka kweiyo muviri, mukuwedzera pakuve nehukuru hwakanangana nehukama newavaitisa, ndokuti, pathogenic microorganism . Nekudaro, mabhakitiriya ari chikamu che microbiome haana kuparadzwa nekuda kwehukama hwakanaka hwakagadzwa pakati pebacteriophages uye immune system.

Unhu hwebacteriophage

Bacteriophages hutachiona hunogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana, kusanganisira muviri wemunhu, zvisinei hazvikonzeri shanduko kana zvirwere sezvo zvisina hunyanzvi hwemasero anoumba muviri. Humwe hunhu hwebacteriophage ndeaya:

• Ivo vanoumbwa necapsid, chinova chimiro chakaumbwa nemapuroteni ane basa rawo rekuchengetedza hutachiona hwehutachiona;
• Vanogona kuve nemhando dzakasiyana dzechibereko, senge yakapetwa kaviri DNA, DNA imwechete kana RNA;
• Kunze kwekukwanisa kusiyaniswa maererano nemajini avo, bacteriophages anokwanisa zvakare kusiyaniswa nemamiriro eapididhi;
• Ivo havakwanisi kuwanda kunze kwemubati, ndiko kuti, vanofanirwa kuve nekubatana nesero rebhakitiriya kuitira kuti ridzokorore kuitika, uye nekuda kwechikonzero ichi vanogona zvakare kuzivikanwa se "mabhakitiriya maparasita";
• Ivo vane yakanyanya kutaurwa kune iyo inomiririra, ayo ari mabacteria maseru.

Kurongwa kwebacteriophages kuchiri kuongororwa, zvisinei, zvimwe zvivakwa zvinogona kubatsira kupatsanura uye kupatsanura kwemabacteriophages, senge rudzi rwemajini, morphology, genomic maitiro uye epanyama-makemikari maitiro.

Zvinoitika sei lytic uye lysogenic macircule

Iwo ma lytic uye lysogenic macircular ndiwo macirculi ekuwedzera ebacteriophage kana uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchitaita nesero rebhakitiriya uye unogona kusiyaniswa maererano nemaitiro ehutachiona.

Lytic kutenderera

Iyo lytic kutenderera ndiyo imwe iyo, mushure mekubayiwa kweiyo bacteriophage's genetic zvinhu mukati mehutachiona sero, kudzokorora uye kuumbwa kweatsva mabacteriophages anoitika, ayo pavanobva anoparadza hutachiona sero. Saka, kazhinji, kutenderera kunoitika seinotevera:

1. Adsorption: iyo bacteriophage inonamira kune iyo membrane yeiyo inobata bhakitiriya sero kuburikidza neiyo membrane receptors;
2. Kupinda kana kupinda: iyo genetic zvinhu zvebacteriophage inopinda muchitokisi chebhakitiriya;
3. Kudzokorora: iyi genetiki inobatanidza synthesis yemapuroteni uye mamwe mamorekuru eDNA, kana iri DNA bacteriophage;
4. Kubhururuka: mabacteriophages matsva anoumbwa uye iyo inodzokororwa DNA yakarongedzwa nerubatsiro rwema synthesized mapuroteni, zvichikwira kune capsid;
5. Lise: bacteriophage akaumbwa anosiya bhakitiriya sero, achikurudzira kuparadzwa kwayo.

Lysogenic kutenderera

Mune lysogenic kutenderera, iyo genetic zvinhu zvebacteriophage inosanganisirwa mune yebhakitiriya, zvisinei maitiro aya anogona kungomiririra chete kunyarara kwehutachiona hwemajusi ebacteria, kuwedzera pakuve inodzoserwa maitiro. Izvi zvinoitika zvinotevera:

1. Adsorption: iyo bacteriophage adsorbs kune yebacteria membrane;
2. Kuisa: iyo genetic zvinhu zvebacteriophage inopinda muchitokisi chebhakitiriya;
3. Kusangana: pane kubatanidzwa kwemajini ezvebacteriophage neiyo yebhakitiriya, ichizivikanwa seprofago;
4. Chikamu: izvo zvakagadziriswa, iyo profago, inopatsanuka zvinoenderana nechikamu chebhakitiriya.

Iyo profagus haishande, ndiko kuti, magene ayo haana kuratidzwa uye, nekudaro, haakonzere shanduko yakaipa kubhakitiriya uye inochinja zvizere.

Nekuda kwekuti mabacteriophages anowirirana nehutachiona hwechibereko uye anogona kusimudzira kuparadzwa, hutachiona uhwu hunogona kushandiswa muchidzidzo kugadzira nzira nyowani dzekurwisa hutachiona husinga pindirani.

Chii chinonzi phage kurapwa

Phage therapy, inozivikanwawo sepage therapy, imhando yekurapa iyo inoshandisa bacteriophages kurwisa hutachiona hutachiona, kunyanya izvo zvinokonzereswa neanopesana nemishonga yakawanda. Rudzi urwu rwekurapa rwakachengeteka, nekuti mabacteriophages anongova nezviitiko kurwisa hutachiona hwehutachiona, kuchengetedza hutachiona hwemunhu.

Kunyangwe iyi mhando yekurapa yakatsanangurwa kwemakore, pari zvino ndipo pairi kuwana mukurumbira mumabhuku nekuda kwekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwehutachiona husinga pindire kurapwa kwakajairika nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.

Nekudaro, kunyangwe iri nzira yakanaka, kurapa kwepage kune zvimwe zvaisingakwanise. Mhando yega yega yebhakteriophage yakanangana nehutachiona, saka mapages aya aisakwanisa kushandiswa kuzvimiririra kurwisa hutachiona hunokonzerwa nema microorganisms akasiyana siyana, asi apa "phage cocktail" inogona kugadzirwa zvinoenderana nema microorganisms anoonekwa seanokonzera hutachiona. . Uye zvakare, kunyanya nekuda kweiyo lysogenic kutenderera, mabacteriophages anogona kusimudzira kuchinjisa kwemajini ekudzivirira kubhakitiriya, zvichipa kurapwa kusingashande.