Barbiturates: Zvishandiso, Mafomu, Side Mhedzisiro, uye Zvimwe
Zvemukati
- Kukurumidza chokwadi nezve barbiturates
- Chii chinonzi barbiturates?
- Nei barbiturates yakatemwa?
- Mafomu ebarbiturates
- Musanganiswa zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa zvemusoro:
- Ndezvipi zvingangoitika mhedzisiro?
- Ngozi dzekutora barbiturates
- Kubata pamuviri
- Kurega zviratidzo
- Ndeipi nyaya dzepamutemo dzakakomberedza barbiturates?
- Nguva yekutsvaga rubatsiro rwechimbichimbi
- Ko barbiturates anofananidzwa sei nebenzodiazepines?
- Chinokosha
Bharbiturates anga aripo kweanopfuura makore zana nemakumi mashanu. Ivo vaive vakakurumbira kubva kumavambo 1900s kusvika kuma1970. Maviri emashandisirwo akajairika aive ekurara uye kunetseka.
Pane imwe nguva kwaive nemhando dzinopfuura makumi mashanu dzemabharuturati anowanikwa muUnited States. Pakupedzisira, vakatsiviwa nemimwe mishonga nekuda kwekuchengetedza kuchengetedzeka.
Verenga pamusoro kuti udzidze nezve mashandisiro, mhedzisiro, uye njodzi dzebarbiturates.
Kukurumidza chokwadi nezve barbiturates
- Barbiturates vari kashoma kushandiswa nhasi. Vane njodzi yakakura yekushivirira, kutsamira, uye kuwandisa.
- Iyi kirasi yemishonga inogona kuve nepfupi- kune refu-kuita zviitiko. Zvinoenderana nemushonga chaiwo.
- Sekureva kweNational Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), muna 2016 pakanga paine vanhu makumi mana nevapfumbamwe vakafa kubva pakuwedzeredza ne barbiturates. Makumi maviri nerimwe muzana aisanganisira maopioid ekugadzira.
- Iwe haugone kumira kamwe kamwe kutora barbiturates mushure mekushandisa nguva dzose. Iyo inogona kukonzeresa zvakanyanya kubvisa zviratidzo. Izvi zvinosanganisira njodzi yekufa.
Chii chinonzi barbiturates?
Bharbiturates ine inoshungurudza mhedzisiro pauropi. Ivo vanowedzera gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) chiitiko muuropi. GABA kemikemikari yehuropi iyo inogadzira kugadzikana.
Iyo mishonga ndiyo tsika inogadzira. Iwe unogona kukura kushivirira uye kuvimba kune barbiturates. Izvi zvinoreva kuti unoda mari yakakwira kuti uwane iwo maitiro akafanana. Kumira nekukasira mushonga uyu kunokonzera kubvisa zviratidzo.
Kutora mizinga yepamusoro yemabharbiturate kune ngozi nekuti unogona kudarika. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero nei mishonga iyi isina kunyoreswa zvakanyanya ikozvino.
Nei barbiturates yakatemwa?
Nhasi, iyi mishonga inoshandiswa kune:
- kushushikana uye kugadzikana zvine chekuita nekuvhiyiwa (kana mimwe mishonga isingashande)
- kushaya hope (kashoma)
- pfari (kana mimwe mishonga isina kushanda)
- yokutindivadza
- kunetseka musoro
- kushungurudzika kwehuropi kukuvara (TBI)
Mafomu ebarbiturates
Bharbiturates inowanikwa mujekiseni, mvura, piritsi, uye fomu fomu. Vanouya mumasimba akasiyana siyana uye musanganiswa.
Bharbiturates ndeyeDrug Enforcing Administration (DEA) inodzorwa zvinhu nekuda kwekugona kwavo kushandisa zvisirizvo.
Iyo DEA inoronga zvinodhaka muzvikamu zvishanu zvezvirongwa zvemushonga, kubvira paChirongwa I kuenda kuShedhiyo V. Iyo purogiramu yenhamba inoratidza mukana wekuti chinhu icho chingangoshandiswa zvisirizvo, pamwe nekushandisa kwechirapa kunogamuchirwa kwekurapa.
Semuenzaniso, Chirongwa I zvinodhaka hazvina parizvino zvinogamuchirwa kushandiswa kwekurapa uye mukana wakakura wekushandisa zvisirizvo. Rongedza V zvinodhaka zvine mukana wakaderera wekushandisa zvisirizvo.
Mazita akafananaMazita akajairika (akajairika uye marita) ebharbiturates anosanganisira:
- amobarbital jekiseni (Amytal), DEA Chirongwa II
- piritsi rebutabarbital (Butisol), DEA Chirongwa III
- methohexital jekiseni (Brevital), DEA Chirongwa IV
- pentobarbital jekiseni (Nembutal), DEA Chirongwa II
- secobarbital capsules (Seconal), DEA Chirongwa II
- Primidone piritsi (Mysoline). Uyu mushonga unogadziriswa kune phenobarbital. Inoshandiswa pakukanganisa kwekubata uye haina DEA Chirongwa.
Musanganiswa zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa zvemusoro:
- butalbital / acetaminophen capsule uye piritsi
- butalbital / acetaminophen / caffeine capsule, piritsi, uye mhinduro yemvura, DEA Chirongwa III
- butalbital / acetaminophen / caffeine / codeine piritsi (Fioricet ine codeine), DEA Chirongwa III
- butalbital / aspirin / caffeine piritsi uye capsule (Fiorinal, Lanorinal), DEA Chirongwa III
- butalbital / aspirin / caffeine / codeine capsule (Fiorinal ine codeine), DEA Chirongwa III
Ndezvipi zvingangoitika mhedzisiro?
Mhedzisiro inowanzoitika yemabarbiturates dzungu uye kurara. Mabasa anoda kuti iwe uve akangwarira, sekutyaira, anogona kunge akaoma.
Mimwe mhedzisiro isingawanzo asi yakaoma kwazvo. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- kunetseka kufema, kurwadziwa pachipfuva, kana kuomarara
- mapundu
- kupindwa nechando
- kurwadza kwemajoini
- kuzvimba kwechiso, miromo, kana huro
- kubuda ropa zvisina kujairika kana kupwanya
Fonera wako mupi wezvehutano ipapo kana iwe uchinge wawana chero yeiyi mhedzisiro.
Mimwe mhedzisiro inogona kuitika inosanganisira:
- musoro
- kuvhiringidzika
- kugumbuka
- kufunganya
- kuora mwoyo
- kuvhiringidzika kurara
- yakaderera BP
- kusvotwa
- kurutsa
- matambudziko nekuenzanisa uye kufamba
- matambudziko nekutaura, kuisa pfungwa, uye ndangariro
Taura nemupi wako wezvehutano kuti utaure nezvese zvinonetsa pamusoro pemhedzisiro.
Ngozi dzekutora barbiturates
Zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi yemhedzisiro kana ovhadhozi nekushandisa kwebarbiturate. Izvi zvinosanganisira zera rako, mamiriro ehutano, uye chero mimwe mishonga yauri kutora.
Bharbiturates inogona kuwedzera kune iyo sedating mhedzisiro yemimwe mishonga. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- mishonga yekurwisa mishonga yakadai sema antihistamine
- mishonga inorwadza, kunyanya maopioid senge morphine uye hydrocodone
- kurara kana kunetseka mishonga (benzodiazepines)
- doro
- mimwe mishonga inokonzeresa kugadzikana kana kukotsira
Iri kirasi remushonga rine mashoma mashandisiro nhasi nekuti mitsva mishonga ine yakanyanya nani rekodhi rekodhi.
Barbiturates vane njodzi huru kana ichienzaniswa nezvakanaka. Vanhu vanonyorera iyi mishonga inofanirwa kunyatso tariswa kuti vadzivise mhedzisiro.
Kubata pamuviri
Kune njodzi dzakabatana nekushandiswa kwebarbiturate panguva yekuzvitakura. Iyi mishonga dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa kana dzimwe nzira dzemishonga dzisingawanikwi.
Vazhinji vakura vakagadzira hukama pakati pekushandisa kwebarbiturate panguva yekuzvitakura nehurema hwekuzvara. Vacheche vanogona kuve nekukura uye kukura kana vakaratidzwa kune barbiturates kwenguva refu panguva yekuzvitakura.
Vacheche vanogona zvakare kuzvarwa vachitsamira pabarbiturates uye vanotambura nezviratidzo zvekudzoka mushure mekuzvarwa.
Mhuka yakawanikwa kuiswa mumakonzo achangozvarwa yakakonzera matambudziko mukukura kwehuropi. Mushonga (pentobarbital) wakanganisa kudzidza, ndangariro, uye mamwe mabasa akakosha.
Kurega zviratidzo
Bharbiturates inogona kukonzera kufa kana ikangoerekana yamira. Kuita kwakasimba kunoenderana nehutano hwomunhu hwese, mamwe mamiriro ehutano avanogona kuva nawo, nemimwe mishonga iri kushandiswa.
Kana iwe wanga uchitora barbiturate, ita shuwa yekutaura nachiremba wako usati wamisa mushonga.
Zvimwe zvekudzora zviratidzo zvebharbiturates zvinosanganisira:
- kusvotwa uye kurutsa
- kurwadziwa nemudumbu
- kushushikana, kushushikana, kana kusagadzikana
- kunetseka nehope, kuisa pfungwa, uye kutarisa
- matambudziko emwoyo
- kuwedzera tembiricha yemuviri
- pfari
- kudengenyeka
- delirium
- kuona zvisipo
Nezvakakomba zvekusiya zviratidzo, ungangoda kuongororwa muchipatara kusvikira mushonga wabuda mumuviri wako. Izvi zvinogona kutora mazuva akati wandei.
Ndeipi nyaya dzepamutemo dzakakomberedza barbiturates?
Bharbiturates inowanikwa nemushonga muzvikamu zvitatu zveDEA zvikamu. Izvi zvinoenderana nekugona kwavo kupindwa muropa uye kushandiswa zvisizvo.
Izvo zvichiri kushandiswa zviri pamutemo muchipatara kweanesthesia, sedation, TBI, pfari, uye mamwe masarudzo akasarudzika. Izvo zvakare zvakatemerwa kutemwa nemusoro uye kurara kana mimwe mishonga isina kushanda.
Nekudaro, barbiturates vachiri kuburikidza nekuwana zvisiri pamutemo. Kushandisa zvisiri pamutemo kwakatungamira mukufa kwekuwedzeredza nekuti mishonga yacho ine njodzi kuzvirapa. Njodzi inowedzera apo barbiturates inosanganiswa nedoro, maopioid, benzodiazepines senge diazepam, kana zvimwe zvinodhaka.
Bharbiturates ichiri kushandiswa munyika zhinji nekuti haidhure. Ichi ndicho chimwe chikonzero ivo vachiri kuwanikwa. Izvo zvinowanikwawo kuburikidza neyezvipfuyo zvinyorwa uye marabhoritari ezvekutsvagisa zvinangwa.
Kutenga pamhepo ndeimwe nzvimbo isiri pamutemo yemabarbiturates. Vanouya nehukuru nekuti mishonga inogona kupera kana kusvibiswa nezvimwe zvinhu.
Hazvibvumirwi nemutemo kutenga kana kushandisa barbiturates pasina chiremba chiremba. Kune zvirango zvehurumende nehurumende zvekutenga, kutengesa, kana kutora zvinodhaka zvisiri pamutemo.
Nguva yekutsvaga rubatsiro rwechimbichimbi
Bharbiturates haisi kushandiswa zvakanyanya nhasi nekuda kwehurombo hwavo hwakachengeteka rekodhi yekuwedzeredza. Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinonetsa kuti nei mumwe munhu angave ari panjodzi yekuwedzeredza.
Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- mimwe mishonga ine zvinoshungurudza mhedzisiro pauropi, senge maopioid uye benzodiazepines
- doro, iro rinogona kudzora kubviswa kwechirwere uye kukonzera kuwanda mumuviri
- nhoroondo yekushungurudzika, pfungwa dzekuzviuraya, kana hutano hwepfungwa
- nhoroondo yekushandisa zvinodhaka kusagadzikana
- matambudziko ekufema, akadai seasthma, chirwere chemapapu, uye emphysema
- matambudziko emwoyo
- itsvo kana matambudziko echiropa, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kuti mushonga uwedzere mumuviri
- zera, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kusagadzikana kumhedzisiro
Panogona kunge paine zvimwe zvikonzero zvaunopindura zvine simba kune barbiturates. Ive neshuwa yekukurukura yako mishonga uye nhoroondo yehutano nachiremba wako.
Zviratidzo zvekuwedzeredzaFonera 911 kana yako yemuno emergency emergency nhamba kana iwe kana mumwe munhu waunoziva atora yakawandisa barbiturate kana kana iwe uine chero cheizvi zviratidzo:
- kukotsira zvakanyanya
- kunetseka kutaura
- kushaya simba kwakanyanya kana kuneta
- kunonoka kufema
- kuvhiringidzika
- kunetseka nekubatana uye kuenzanisa
- inononoka kwazvo kurova kwemoyo
- kuita bhuruu
- kudonha tembiricha yemuviri
Iko hakuna chinodzosera mushonga wekurapa kwebarbiturate ovhadhozi. Yakagadziriswa marasha inogona kushandiswa kubvisa iyo yakawandisa mishonga kubva mumuviri. Dzimwe nhanho dzinosanganisira kuchengetedza mweya, kutenderera, uye kufema.
Ko barbiturates anofananidzwa sei nebenzodiazepines?
Bharbiturates yakatsiviwa ne benzodiazepines senge alprazolam (Xanax) uye diazepam (Valium) kurapa kusagadzikana uye kusagadzikana kwekurara. Ivo vane mashoma mhedzisiro kana akarairwa kuti ushandise pamba uchienzaniswa nemabarbiturates.
Benzodiazepines inoshanda nenzira yakafanana nekuwedzera chiitiko cheGABA muuropi. Ivo vanogadzira kudzikamisa kana kutandadza mhedzisiro. Asi kana ikashandiswa pamwechete ne barbiturates, vanogona kuwedzera njodzi yekuwedzeredza.
Benzodiazepines zvakare tsika inogadzira kana ichishandiswa kwenguva refu. Ivo vane zvakafanana mhedzisiro uye njodzi dzekushandisa zvisirizvo. Benzodiazepines inofanira kungoshandiswa kwenguva pfupi.
Chinokosha
Barbiturates yakave yakakurumbira kubva kutanga kwema1900 kusvika kuma1970. Paive nemashoma mishonga yekurapa kufenda, kushushikana, uye kushaya hope.
Vanachiremba vakarega kuvashandisa kana kushandisa zvisizvo uye kuwedzeredza kuwedzerwa nekufamba kwenguva. Barbiturates ane mashoma mashandisiro nhasi, uye mishonga yakachengeteka inowanikwa.
Nekudaro, barbiturates achiri kushandiswa zvisirizvo nhasi. Njodzi dzekufa kwekuwedzeredza dzinowedzera kana dzikashandiswa pamwechete nedoro, maopioid, benzodiazepines, kana mimwe mishonga.
Barbiturates inoda kuongororwa kwakasimba nekuda kwenjodzi yekuwedzeredza uye haifanire kushandiswa pasina kutarisirwa nachiremba.