Chii Chinonzi Cancer?

Zvemukati

• Mhando dzekenza yehuro
• Kuziva zvingangodaro zviratidzo zvegomarara repamuromo
• Zvinokonzera uye njodzi zviitiko zvekenza yehuro
• Kuongorora kenza yehuro
• Kenza yehuro yekenza
• Kufungidzira bvunzo
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• Positron emission tomography (PET scan)
• Yakagadzirwa tomography (CT scan)
• Barium kumedza
• X-ray yechifuva
• Kurapa sarudzo yekenza yehuro
• Kuvhiya
• Radiation kurapa
• Chemotherapy
• Targeted kurapwa
• Post-kurapwa kupora
• Marefu-marefu maonero ekenza yehuro
• Kudzivirira kenza yehuro
• Kenza yehuro: Q & A.
• Mubvunzo:
• A:

Chii chinonzi cancer cancer?

Cancer ikirasi yezvirwere umo masero asina kujairika anowanda uye anopatsanurana zvisingaite mumuviri. Aya maseru asina kujairika anoita kukura kwakaipa kunodaidzwa kuti mamota.

Kenza yehuro inoreva gomarara reizwi bhokisi, tambo dzeizwi, uye zvimwe zvikamu zvehuro, zvakaita sematoni uye oropharynx. Gomarara rehuro rinowanzo kuve rakakamurwa muzvikamu zviviri: gomarara reparyngeal uye gomarara remarara.

Gomarara rehuro rakajairika kana tichienzanisa nedzimwe kenza. National Cancer Institute inofungidzira izvo zvevakuru muUnited States:

• vangangoita 1,2 muzana vanozoonekwa vaine mukanwa mhango uye pharyngeal kenza mukati mehupenyu hwavo.
• vangangoita 0.3 muzana vanozoonekwa vaine cancer yegomarara mukati mehupenyu hwavo.

Mhando dzekenza yehuro

Kunyangwe kenza dzepahuro dzese dzinosanganisira kusimudzira uye kukura kwemasero asina kujairika, chiremba wako anofanirwa kuona yako chaiyo mhando kuti aone chirongwa chinonyanya kushanda chekurapa.

Iwo maviri epamoyo marudzi ekenza yehuro ndeaya:

• Squamous sero carcinoma. Rudzi rwegomarara repamhuro runokanganisa maseru akati sandara akadzika pahuro. Iyo ndiyo yakajairika kenza yehuro muUnited States.
• Adenocarcinoma. Rudzi rwegomarara repamhuro runokanganisa maseru e glandular uye haruwanzo.

Mapoka maviri ekenza yehuro ndeaya:

• Gomarara repamuromo. Gomarara iri rinokura mu pharynx, inova chubhu yemhango inomhanya kubva kuseri kwemhino yako kusvika kumusoro kwechipepere chako. Cancer yekenza inowedzera mumutsipa nehuro inosanganisira:
  • nasopharynx cancer (yepamusoro chikamu chehuro)
  • kenza ye oropharynx (yepakati chikamu chehuro)
  • kenza yehypopharynx (chikamu chepasi pehuro)
  • Gomarara reLaryngeal. Gomarara iri rinoumbwa mudokoriro, rinova izwi rako bhokisi.

Kuziva zvingangodaro zviratidzo zvegomarara repamuromo

Zvinogona kuve zvakaoma kuona kenza yehuro mumatanho ayo ekutanga. Zviratidzo zvakajairika nezviratidzo zvegomarara remutsipa zvinosanganisira:

• chinja izwi rako
• dambudziko kumedza (dysphagia)
• kuonda
• huro inorwadza
• inogara ichida kuchenesa huro yako
• kuramba uchikosora (kunogona kukosora ropa)
• kuzvimba lymph node mumutsipa
• kurira
• nzeve kurwadziwa
• hoarseness

Ita musangano wechiremba kana iwe uine chero cheizvi zviratidzo uye hazvigadzirise mushure memasvondo maviri kusvika matatu.

Zvinokonzera uye njodzi zviitiko zvekenza yehuro

Varume vanowanzoita gomarara repamhuro kupfuura vakadzi.

Humwe maitiro ehupenyu anowedzera njodzi yekuva nekenza yehuro, kusanganisira:

• kusvuta
• kunwisa doro
• kudya kwakashata
• kuratidzwa kune asbestosi
• hutsinye hwemazino
• magene syndromes

Gomarara rehuro rinosanganisirwa nemamwe marudzi ehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona (HPV). HPV chirwere chepabonde. Utachiona hweHIVV hunokonzera njodzi kune mamwe maekenza oropharyngeal, sekureva kweCancer Treatment Centers yeAmerica.

Gomarara rehuro rakabatanawo nemamwe marudzi egomarara. Muchokwadi, vamwe vanhu vanoonekwa kuti vane gomarara repamutsipa vanoonekwa vane esophageal, mapapu, kana gomarara redundiro panguva imwe chete. Izvi zvinogona kunge zviri nekuti aya kanzura ane mamwe mungozi.

Kuongorora kenza yehuro

Pakusarudzwa kwako, chiremba wako anobvunza nezve ako zviratidzo uye nhoroondo yekurapa. Kana wanga uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchisangana nazvo zviratidzo zvakaita sekurwadziwa pahuro, hoarseness, uye zvinoramba zvichikosora zvisina kuvandudzwa uye pasina imwe tsananguro, vanogona kufungidzira kenza yehuro.

Kuti utarise kenza yehuro, chiremba wako achaita yakananga kana isina kunanga laryngoscopy kana anokuendesa kune nyanzvi kune maitiro.

Laryngoscopy inopa chiremba wako kunyatsoona pahuro yako. Kana bvunzo iyi ikaratidza kusagadzikana, chiremba wako anogona kutora sampuro yezvinyama (inonzi biopsy) kubva pahuro yako uye kuyedza muyenzaniso wekenza.

Chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira imwe yeanotevera marudzi ebiopsies:

• Yakajairika biopsy. Kune iyi maitiro, chiremba wako anoita incision uye anobvisa muyenzaniso chidimbu chemuviri. Mhando iyi yebiopsy inoitwa mukamuri yekushandisa iri pasi peanesthesia.
• Yakanaka tsono aspiration (FNA). Kune iyi biopsy, chiremba wako anoisa tsono yakatetepa yakananga muchibundu kuti abvise maseru esero.
• Endoscopic biopsy. Kuti ubvise sampuro yemhando uchishandisa endoscope, chiremba wako anoisa chubhu refu, yakatetepa, refu kuburikidza nemuromo wako, mhino, kana incision.

Kenza yehuro yekenza

Kana chiremba wako akawana masero ane gomarara muhuro mako, anozoraira mimwe bvunzo kuti uone danho, kana kukura, kwekenza yako. Iwo matanho anotanga kubva pa0 kusvika pa4:

• Chikamu 0: Bundu iri rinongova pamusoro pepamusoro maseru echikamu chakakanganiswa chehuro.
• Chikamu 1: Bundu iri risingasviki 2 cm uye rakaganhurirwa kuchikamu chepahuro payakatangira.
• Chikamu chechipiri: Bundu iri riri pakati pe2 ne4 cm kana kuti ingave yakakura kuva nzvimbo iri pedyo.
• Chikamu chechitatu: Bundu rakakura kupfuura masendimita mana kana rakura kuita zvimwe zvimiro muhuro kana rakapararira kune imwe node node.
• Chikamu 4: Bundu rakapararira kuma lymph node kana nhengo dziri kure.

Kufungidzira bvunzo

Chiremba wako anogona kushandisa akasiyana bvunzo kuyera kenza yako yehuro. Kufungidzira bvunzo dzechipfuva, mutsipa, uye musoro kunogona kupa mufananidzo uri nani wekufambira mberi kwechirwere. Iyi bvunzo inogona kusanganisira zvinotevera.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Iyi bvunzo yekufungidzira inoshandisa masaisai eredhiyo uye magineti akasimba kugadzira mifananidzo yakajeka yemukati memutsipa wako. MRI inotarisa mamota uye inogona kuona kana kenza yapararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri.

Iwe unonyepa mutepu yakatetepa sezvo muchina unogadzira mifananidzo. Kureba kwemuedzo kunosiyana asi kazhinji hakutore nguva inopfuura awa rimwe.

Positron emission tomography (PET scan)

PET scan inosanganisira kujekesa rudzi rwedhiiyo ine radioactive muropa. Iyo scan inogadzira mifananidzo yenzvimbo dze radioactivity mumuviri wako. Rudzi urwu rwekufungidzira bvunzo runogona kushandiswa mune zviitiko zvemberi kenza.

Yakagadzirwa tomography (CT scan)

Iyi bvunzo yekufungidzira inoshandisa X-rays kugadzira muchinjikwa-chikamu chikamu chemuviri wako. A CT scan inoburitsawo mifananidzo yezvinyoro zvinyoro uye nhengo.

Iyi scan inobatsira chiremba wako kuona saizi yebundu. Izvo zvakare zvinovabatsira kuti vaone kana bundu rapararira kunzvimbo dzakasiyana, senge ma lymph node nemapapu.

Barium kumedza

Chiremba wako anogona kupa bhaweti kumedza kana iwe uchinetseka kumedza. Iwe uchanwa chinwiwa chakakora kupfeka huro yako uye neziso. Uyu muedzo unogadzira X-ray mifananidzo yehuro yako uye yegurokuro.

X-ray yechifuva

Kana chiremba wako achifungidzira kuti gomarara rapararira kumapapu ako, iwe uchazoda chest X-ray kuti utarise zvisizvo.

Kurapa sarudzo yekenza yehuro

Mukurapa kwese, iwe unoshanda pamwe chete neakasiyana mazvikokota. Aya mazvikokota anosanganisira:

• oncologist, uyo anoita maitiro ekuvhiya sekubvisa mamota
• radiation oncologist, anorapa kenza yako achishandisa radiation radiation
• chiremba wezvirwere, uyo anoongorora masampuli etishu kubva kubhaopsy yako

Kana iwe uine biopsy kana kuvhiyiwa, iwe zvakare uchave neanesthesiologist uyo anofambisa anesthesia uye anoongorora mamiriro ako panguva yekuita.

Kurapa sarudzo yekenza yehuro kunosanganisira kuvhiya, radiation radiation, uye chemotherapy. Maitiro ekurapa akakurudzirwa nachiremba wako anoenderana nehukuru hwechirwere chako, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu.

Kuvhiya

Kana bundu riri pahuro pako riri diki, chiremba wako anogona kuvhiya bundu racho. Kuvhiya uku kunoitwa muchipatara iwe uri pasi pechironda. Chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira imwe yeanotevera ekuvhiya:

• Kuvhiya kweEndoscopic. Maitiro aya anoshandisa endoscope (refu yakatetepa chubhu ine mwenje uye kamera kumagumo) kuburikidza iyo yekuvhiya zvishandiso kana lasers inogona kupfuudzwa kurapa yekutanga danho kanzuru.
• Cordectomy. Maitiro aya anobvisa zvese kana chikamu chetambo dzako dzenzwi.
• Laryngectomy. Maitiro aya anobvisa zvese kana chikamu chezwi rako bhokisi, zvinoenderana nekuoma kwekenza. Vamwe vanhu vanogona kutaura zvakajairika mushure mekuvhiyiwa. Vamwe vanozodzidza matauriro pasina izwi bhokisi.
• Pharyngectomy. Maitiro aya anobvisa chikamu chehuro yako.
• Mutsipa kupatsanura. Kana kenza yehuro ichipararira mukati memutsipa, chiremba wako anogona kubvisa mamwe ma lymph node.

Radiation kurapa

Kutevera kubviswa kwebundu, chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira kurapwa kwemwaranzi. Radiation kurapwa kunoshandisa yakakwira-simba mwaranzi kuparadza malignant cancer cancer. Inotarisa chero maseru egomarara akasiiwa kumashure nebundu. Mhando dzekurapwa nemwaranzi dzinosanganisira:

• Kuwedzera-modulated radiotherapy uye 3D-conformal radiation kurapwa. Mumhando mbiri idzi dzekurapa, matanda emwaranzi anoenderana nechimiro chebundu. Iyi ndiyo nzira inowanzozivikanwa nemwaranzi inopihwa yegomarara uye hypopharyngeal cancer.
• Brachytherapy. Mbeu dzenhepfenyuro dzinoiswa dzakananga mukati memota kana padyo nebundu. Kunyangwe iri mhando yemwaranzi ingashandiswa kune laryngeal uye hypopharyngeal cancer.

Chemotherapy

Panyaya yemamota makuru uye mamota akapararira kune ma lymph node uye dzimwe nhengo kana nyama, chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira chemotherapy pamwe nemwaranzi. Chemotherapy mushonga unouraya uye unononoka kukura kwemasero akaipa.

Targeted kurapwa

Mishonga yekurapa ndeyemishonga inomisa kupararira uye kukura kwemasero egomarara nekukanganisa mamwe mamorekuru ane chekuita nekukura kwechirwere. Imwe mhando yekurapa yakanangwa inoshandiswa kurapa kenza yehuro ndeye cetuximab (Erbitux).

Dzimwe mhando dzerapi yakanangwa iri kuongororwa mumakiriniki ekuedzwa. Chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira iyi kurapa pamwe neyakajairwa chemotherapy uye radiation.

Post-kurapwa kupora

Vamwe vanhu vane gomarara repamhuno vanoda kurapwa mushure mekurapwa kuti vadzidzezve matauriro. Izvi zvinogona kuvandudzwa nekushanda neyekutaura murapi uye wepanyama murapi.

Mukuwedzera, vamwe vanhu vane kenza yehuro vane matambudziko. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira:

• kunetseka kumedza
• kusvibiswa kwemutsipa kana kumeso
• kutadza kutaura
• kunetseka kufema
• ganda kuomesa pamutsipa

Vashandi vekurapa vanogona kubatsira nekumedza kunetseka. Iwe unogona kukurukura kuvhiya kwekuvakazve nachiremba wako kana iwe uine kumeso kana mutsipa kushanduka mushure mekuvhiyiwa.

Marefu-marefu maonero ekenza yehuro

Kana ikazivikanwa nekukurumidza, gomarara remuhuro rine mwero wepamusoro wekupona.

Gomarara redundiro rinogona kunge risingarapike kana masero akashata apararira kumativi emuviri kupfuura mutsipa nemusoro. Zvisinei, avo vanoonekwa kuti vanogona kuramba vachirapwa kuti vawedzere hupenyu hwavo uye vononoka kufambira mberi kwechirwere.

Kudzivirira kenza yehuro

Iko hakuna chaiyo nzira yekudzivirira kenza yehuro, asi iwe unogona kutora matanho ekuderedza njodzi yako:

• Rega kusvuta. Shandisa zvinopfuura-the-counter zvigadzirwa senge nicotine kutsiva zvigadzirwa kuti urege kuputa, kana kutaura nachiremba wako nezvemishonga yekunyorera kuti ikubatsire kurega.
• Deredza kunwa doro. Varume havafanirwe kunwa zvinopfuura zviviri zvinwiwa zvinodhaka pazuva, uye vakadzi havafanirwe kunwa inopfuura kamwe chete doro pazuva.
• Chengetedza a mararamiro ane hutano. Idya michero yakawanda, miriwo, uye nyama isina mafuta. Deredza mafuta uye kudya kwe sodium uye utore matanho ekudzora huremu hwakawandisa. Shingairira kuita zvekuita muviri maawa mashoma kana maviri pavhiki.
• Deredza njodzi yako ye HPV. Utachiona uhu hwave hwakabatana nekenza yemuhuro. Kuti uzvidzivirire, ita zvepabonde zvisina njodzi. Uyezve taura nachiremba wako nezvezvakanakira mushonga weHPV.

Kenza yehuro: Q & A.

Mubvunzo:

Kenza yemuhuro inogara nhaka here?

A:

Makenza mazhinji ehuro anowanzoenderana nekusvuta uye kwete nhaka, kunze kwekunge nhengo dzemhuri dzakatarisana nekusvuta. Kunze kwedokoriro, mamwe majini anogarwa nhaka anogadzirira nhengo dzemhuri kukura gomarara. Vamwe vanhu vanogara nhaka yeDNA shanduko kubva kuvabereki vavo iyo inowedzera zvakanyanya njodzi yavo yekuvandudza mamwe cancer. Nhaka dzeshanduko dzeoncogene kana bundu rinodzvinyirira magene hazviwanzo kukonzera kenza yehuro, asi vamwe vanhu vanoita kunge vanowana nhaka yakadzikira kugona kuputsa mamwe marudzi emakemikari anokonzera kenza. Vanhu ava vanonyanya kufunga nezvekenza-dzinokonzeresa hutsi hwefodya, doro, uye mamwe maindasitiri emakemikari.