Chii chinonzi congenital chirwere chemoyo nemhando huru

Zvemukati

• Mhando huru
• 1. Congenital cyanotic mwoyo chirwere
• 2. Congenital acyanotic mwoyo chirwere
• Zviratidzo nezviratidzo
• Kurapwa kunoitwa sei

Congenital chirwere chemoyo kukanganisa mukati mechimiro chemoyo icho chiri kukura mukati medumbu raamai, chinokwanisa kukonzera kukanganisika kwekushanda kwemoyo, uye chakatozvarwa nemwana achangozvarwa.

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzechirwere chemwoyo, dzinogona kuve dzakapfava uye dzinongowanikwa mukukura, kunyangwe dzakakomba zvikuru, izvo zviri cyanotic mwoyo hosha, inokwanisa kukonzera kushanduka kweropa kuyerera mumuviri. Vanogona kuve nemajini, sezvakaita Down syndrome, kana kukonzerwa nekupindirwa nepamuviri, sekushandisa zvisina kufanira zvinodhaka, doro, makemikari kana hutachiona hwemukadzi ane nhumbu.

Congenital chirwere chemoyo chinogona kuwanikwa muchibereko chaamai ne Ultrasound uye echocardiogram. Chirwere ichi chinogona kurapwa nekuti kurapwa kwacho kunogona kuitwa kuburikidza nekuvhiyiwa kugadzirisa hurema, zvinoenderana nemhando uye kuomarara kwechirwere chemwoyo.

Mhando huru

Chirwere chemwoyo chinogona kusarudzwa se:

1. Congenital cyanotic mwoyo chirwere

Rudzi rwechirwere chemwoyo rwakanyanya kukura, nekuti hurema mukati memwoyo hunogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kuyerera kweropa uye kugona kweo oxygenation yeropa, uye, zvichienderana nekuomarara kwaro, kunogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvakaita sekusviba, ruvara rwebhuruu rweganda, kushomeka yemhepo, kufenda uye kunyange kugwinha uye kufa. Iwo makuru acho anosanganisira:

• Tetralogy yekunyepedzera: inodzivirira kuyerera kweropa kubva pamoyo kuenda kumapapu, nekuda kwekusanganiswa kwe4 kukanganisa, kunoonekwa nekudzikira muvhavha iyo inobvumira ropa kuti ripfuure mumapapu, kutaurirana pakati pemhepo ventricles, shanduko mukumiswa kweaorta uye hypertrophy yeiyo ventricle kurudyi;
• Ebstein anomaly: inodzivirira kuyerera kweropa nekuda kwekusanzwisisika muvhariki yetricuspid, iyo inotaurirana makamuri emoyo wakarurama;
• Pulmonary atresia: inokonzeresa kusavapo kwekutaurirana pakati pemwoyo nemapapu, kudzivirira ropa kubva mukufemerwa nemweya.

Sezvineiwo, congenital cyanotic mwoyo chirwere chinofanirwa kuongororwa nekukurumidza sezvazvinogona, kungave mudumbu raamai kana nguva pfupi mushure mekuberekwa, uchishandisa maekikadhigiramu anoona shanduko idzi dzemoyo, kuronga kupindira, uye kudzivirira sequelae kumwana.

2. Congenital acyanotic mwoyo chirwere

Rudzi rwechirwere chemwoyo runokonzeresa shanduko idzo dzisingagare dzichikonzera zvakakomba mashandiro emoyo, uye huwandu uye kusimba kwezviratidzo zvinoenderana nekuremara kwemoyo, kutangira pakushaikwa kwezviratidzo, zviratidzo chete panguva yekuyedza, kusvika pakundikana kwemoyo. .

Zvichienderana nezviratidzo zvakakonzerwa, shanduko idzi dzinogona kuwanikwa nekukurumidza mushure mekuberekwa, kana mukukura chete. Iwo makuru ndeaya:

• Kutaurirana kwemukati (CIA)kutaurirana kusinganzwisisike kunoitika pakati pemoyo atria, ayo ari emakamuri epamusoro;
• Interventricular kutaurirana (IVC): pane chakakanganisika pakati pemadziro emhepo, zvichikonzera kusakwana kwekutaurirana kwemakamuri aya uye musanganiswa weropa rakafemerwa uye risina oxygen;
• Ductus arteriosus (PDA): uyu mugero uripo zvakasununguka mumucheche kubatanidza kurudyi ventricle yemoyo kune aorta, kuitira kuti ropa riende kune iyo placenta uye riwane oxygen, asi rinofanira kuvhara munguva pfupi mushure mekuzvarwa. Kuramba kuri kuita kunogona kukonzeresa ropa remwana achangoberekwa;
• Atrioventricular septal kuremara (DSVA): inokonzera kusakwana kwekutaurirana pakati peatrium uye ventricle, zvichiita kuti moyo wemoyo unetse.

Zvisinei nemhando yechirwere chepfungwa yemoyo, ingave cyanotic kana acyanotic, zvinogona kunzi zvakaomarara kana moyo uchitambura nesangano rezvikanganiso zvakati wandei zvinokanganisa mashandiro aro, uye izvo zvinonyanya kunetsa kurapa, sezvinowanzoitika iyo tetralogy yeFallot, semuenzaniso.

Zviratidzo nezviratidzo

Zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvekuzvarwa kwemoyo chirwere zvinoenderana nerudzi uye kuomarara kwehurema hwemwoyo. Mune vacheche nevacheche, vanogona kuva:

• Cyanosis, inova iyo ruvara rwepepuru pamunwe kana pamuromo;
• Ziya rakawandisa;
• Kuneta kwakanyanya panguva yekudyiswa;
• Pallor uye kusava nehanya;
• Yakaderera huremu uye yakashata kudya;
• Kukurumidza uye kupfupisa kufema kunyangwe pazororo;
• Kushatirwa.

Muvana vakura kana vakuru, zviratidzo zvinogona kuva:

• Kutsanya moyo uye muromo wepepuru mushure mekuedza;
• Kakawanda kuporesa zvirwere;
• Kuneta kuri nyore zvine hukama nevamwe vana vezera rakaenzana;
• Izvo hazvikure kana kuwedzera huremu zvakajairika.

Shanduko muhukuru hwemwoyo dzinogona kucherechedzwa, nekusimbiswa kuburikidza ne x-ray bvunzo uye echocardiogram.

Kurapwa kunoitwa sei

Kurapa kwekuzvarwa kwemoyo chirwere kunogona kuitwa nekushandiswa kwemishonga kudzora zviratidzo, senge diuretics, beta-blockers, kugadzirisa kurova kwemoyo, uye inotropes, kuwedzera kusimba kwekurova. Nekudaro, iko kurapa kwekupedzisira kuvhiya kwekururamisa, kunoratidzwa kune angangoitika ese kesi, kugona kupora chirwere chemwoyo.

Zviitiko zvakawanda zvinotora makore kuti zvionekwe uye zvinogona kugadziriswa zvakangoitika mukukura kwemwana, zvichiita kuti hupenyu hwake huve hwakajairika. Zvisinei, zvimwe zviitiko zvakakomba zvinoda kuvhiyiwa mugore rekutanga rehupenyu.

Uye zvakare, akati wandei magene syndromes anogona kunge aine hurema hwepamoyo, uye mimwe mienzaniso Down's syndrome, Alagille, DiGeorge, Holt-Oram, Leopard, Turner naWilliams, semuenzaniso, saka, kushanda kwemoyo kunofanirwa kuongororwa zvakanaka kana mwana ari kubatwa nezvirwere izvi.