Classical Conditioning uye Maitiro Ainoenderana nePavlov's Imbwa

Zvemukati

• Classical mamiriro mamiriro
• Classical mamiriro ekugadzirisa
• Mitemo yekuziva
• Nhanho dzePavlovian mamiriro
• Asati agadzirisa
• Panguva yekugadzirisa
• Mushure mekugadzirisa
• Edza iwe pachako
• Mienzaniso yeclassical conditioning
• Muenzaniso 1
• Muenzaniso 2
• Muenzaniso 3
• Classical conditioning vs. inoshanda mamiriro
• Zvikumbiro kune hutano hwepfungwa
• Phobias
• PTSD
• Kushandisa zvinodhaka
• Classical mamiriro mune ekurapa
• Tora woenda nazvo

Classical mamiriro mamiriro

Classical conditioning imhando yekudzidza inoitika nekusaziva.

Kana iwe uchidzidza kuburikidza neyemhando yepamusoro mamiriro, otomatiki mamiriro ekupindura akabatanidzwa nechero chinokurudzira. Izvi zvinogadzira maitiro.

Muenzaniso unonyanya kuzivikanwa weizvi ndewe kubva kune vamwe vanofungidzira kuve baba veyakagadziriswa mamiriro: Ivan Pavlov. Mukuyedza kugaya kwe canine, akaona kuti nekufamba kwenguva imbwa dzaimedzerera mate kwete chete kana chikafu chadzo chaipihwa kwavari, asi pakasvika vanhu vakavapa chikafu.

Kuti ayedze dzidziso yake yekuti imbwa dzaive dzichimedzerera mate nekuti dzaibatanidza vanhu nekupihwa chikafu, akatanga kuridza bhero uyezve nekupa chikafu kuti vagobatanidza ruzha nechikafu.

Idzi imbwa dzakadzidza kubatanidza bhero rinorira nechikafu, zvichikonzera miromo yavo kumedzesa mate pese panoridzwa bhero - kwete chete kana vasangana nechikafu.

Kugadzikana kunobatsira mune yekushanduka pfungwa nekuti zvakatibatsira kugadzira tarisiro yekugadzirira zviitiko zvemberi. Semuenzaniso, kurwara kubva pane chimwe chikafu kunotibatsira kubatanidza icho chikafu nechirwere. Nekudaro, izvo zvinobatsira kudzivirira isu kubva pakurwara mune ramangwana.

Isu tese takataridzirwa kune echinyakare mamiriro mune imwe nzira kana imwe muhupenyu hwedu.

Muzuva redu zuva nezuva, vashambadziri vanowanzoishandisa ku sundidzira zvigadzirwa zvavo. Semuenzaniso, kushambadza kwerunako vanoshandisa vatambi vane ganda rakajeka, rakatsetseka kutungamira vatengi kusangana chigadzirwa chavo neganda rine hutano.

Pazasi isu tinoputsa yechinyakare mamiriro, kupa mimwe mienzaniso, uye kukubatsira iwe kuti unzwisise zvirinani kuti inoshandiswa sei mune hutano uye kugara zvakanaka.

Muenzaniso wekare wembwa yaPavlov. Mufananidzo naRuth Basagoitia

Classical mamiriro ekugadzirisa

Mitemo yekuziva

• Unconditioned kukurudzira. Ichi ndicho chinhu chinokonzeresa otomatiki mhinduro. Chikafu ndechekusimudzirwa kusiri muPavlov imbwa kuyedza.
• Unconditioned mhinduro. Iyi ndiyo mhinduro inowanzoitika kana iwe uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge.
• Yakagadziriswa inosimudzira. Izvi zvinoonekwa seyakarerekera kukurudzira. Kana iwe uchinge waunzwa nayo kasingaperi pamberi peiyo isina kukamurwa kukurudzira (semuenzaniso, chikafu), ichatanga kumutsa mhinduro imwechete. Iyo bhero pamberi pechikafu ndiyo yakagadziriswa inosimudzira.
• Mamiriro ekupindura. Iyi ndiyo mhinduro inowanikwa kune yakasimudzirwa mamiriro (iyo bhero), iyo inowanzo kuve mhinduro imwechete seye isina kupindurwa mhinduro. Saka, imbwa dzakasvipa bhero nenzira imwechete iyo yavakateedzera chikafu pamberi pavo.
• Kutsakatika. Izwi iri rinoshandiswa kana uchitanga kuburitsa chakasimudzira chakasimudzira (bhero) kasingaperi asi pasina chakasimudzira (chikafu). Nekufamba kwenguva, imbwa dzaizoregedza mamiriro avo kuti bhero rinoreva kuti chikafu chiri kuuya.
• Generalization. Izvi zvinoreva kana iwe uchigona kugadzira zvinhu zvakafanana uye kupindura nenzira imwecheteyo. Imbwa dzakatanga kumedzeredza mate pamanzwi akafanana nemabhero nekuti ivo vaiwanzogadzira zvavakadzidza.
• Kusarura. Izvo zvinopesana neyakajairika, uku ndiko kugona kwedu kutaura mutsauko kana chimwe chinhu chakafanana asi chisina kufanana, saka hachizogadzi mhinduro imwechete. Hwamanda inorira, semuenzaniso, yaisazoita kuti imbwa dzive mate.

Nhanho dzePavlovian mamiriro

Asati agadzirisa

Isati yagadziriswa ndiyo iyo iyo isina kukamurwa inosimudzira uye isina kugadziriswa mhinduro inopinda mukutamba. Iyi ndiyo mhinduro yepanyama iyo isina kudzidziswa.

Semuenzaniso, chikafu chinogadzira mate, kana hutachiona hwemudumbu hunogadzira kusvotwa.

Parizvino, iyo yakakurudzirwa inosimudzira ichiri kunzi inorerekera yekusimudzira nekuti parizvino haina zvainoita.

Panguva yekugadzirisa

Isu tinotanga kusanganisa iyo yekusarerekera inosimudzira neisina mvumo mhinduro.

Semuenzaniso, unogona kusanganisa imwe mhando yechikafu nehutachiona hwemudumbu, kana bhero rinorira usati wawana chikafu rinogona kunge riine chekuita nekugamuchira chikafu.

Mushure mekugadzirisa

Paunenge iwe uchinge wadzidza kubatanidza iyo yakagadziriswa inosimudzira neisina mvumo mhinduro, inova yakagadziriswa mhinduro.

Nekudaro, iyo chaiyo mhando yechikafu ikozvino inogadzira svoto (kunyangwe dai zvisiri izvo zvakakonzera hutachiona hwemudumbu), uye bhero rinogadzira salivation.

Nenzira iyi, iwe wakadzidza nekusaziva kubatanidza iyo nyowani inosimudzira (ingave mamiriro, chinhu, munhu, nezvimwewo) nemhinduro.

Edza iwe pachako

"Hofisi" ine yakanaka (uye inoseka!) Muenzaniso weyakagadziriswa mamiriro:

Pane nzira dzakawanda dzaungayedze nekugadzirisa muhupenyu hwako hwezuva nezuva. Heano mamwe matipi aunofunga.

• Gadzira nharaunda yakanaka ine mwenje wakanaka uye nzvimbo dzakachena dzehofisi yako yekumba kuti iite nzvimbo yakanaka yekushanda. Nzvimbo yakanaka yekushanda inogona kukumisikidza iwe kuti uwane rimwe basa riitwe.
• Gadzira maitiro ekurara kuti uzvigadzirire iwe kurara pakutanga. Iwe unogona kuita izvi nekudzima mwenje uye kudzivirira masikirini maminetsi makumi matatu usati warara. Izvi zvinogona kugadzira mamiriro ekurara.
• Rovedza chipfuwo kuita zvekuteerera maitiro kana akasarudzika matanho nekuvabvunza kuti vaite iro basa uye nekuvapa mubairo mumwe chete kazhinji. Unogona kushandisa hunyengeri hwaPavlov uye edza imwe bhero kuti vazive kana kudya kwemanheru kuri kuuya (uye kuti vanofanira kugara uye kumirira nemoyo murefu).
• Dzidzisa hunhu hwakanaka kuvana nekuvapa mubairo nechidiki chekubata kana new toy. Kana vachinetseka nekugovana, vape mubairo ivo pavanoedza kugovana.

Mienzaniso yeclassical conditioning

Kune mizhinji mienzaniso yakasiyana yeclassical conditioning uye nemabatiro atingaite kudzidza muhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva.

Muenzaniso 1

Kwemakore mashoma apfuura, iwe unogashira yako yekubhadharisa Chishanu chega chega. Kunyangwe iwe uine basa nyowani kwaunogashira yako paycheck pamazuva akasiyana, iwe uchiri kunzwa zvakanaka paChishanu. Wakave wakagadziriswa kuti uibatanidze neiyo positivity yekugamuchira iyo paycheck.

Muenzaniso 2

Waimboputa pane imwe nzvimbo yekunze kubasa asi nguva pfupi yadarika wakarega kuputa. Pese paunoenda kunzvimbo yekunze inozorora, muviri wako unoshuvira mudzanga.

Muenzaniso 3

Munguva yekutinhira kwemuti, muti unotyoka ndokuwira mumba mako, zvichikonzera kukuvara kukuru. Zvino pese paunonzwa kutinhira, unonzwa kushushikana.

Classical conditioning vs. inoshanda mamiriro

Ipo yechinyakare mamiriro ane chekuita otomatiki, mhinduro dzakadzidza, inoshanda mamiriro ndeimwe mhando yekudzidza.

Mune mamiriro ekushanda, iwe unodzidza hunhu nemhedzisiro yehunhu ihwohwo, zvinova zvinokanganisa hunhu hwako hweramangwana.

Saka, kana hunhu huine mhedzisiro inogutsa, iwe unodzidza kuibatanidza neicho mhedzisiro uye shandira kuti chidzokororwe. Padivi reflip, mhedzisiro yakaipa ichaita kuti iwe udzivise hunhu ihwohwo kunzvenga iwo mhedzisiro.

Mukudzidzira imbwa, hunhu hwakanaka hunopihwa mubairo nekubata, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuti imbwa yako ive mukomana kana musikana akanaka kuti uwane kurapwa.

Kune rimwe divi, hunhu hwakaipa hunogona kusapihwa mubairo, kana hunogona kupihwa chirango. Izvo zvinoita kuti imbwa yako isanyanya kuita kuzviita mune ramangwana.

Nepo yechinyakare mamiriro ezvinhu achifungidzirwa sekusaziva kudzidza, kushanda mamiriro ndizvo izvo vanhu vazhinji vangatarise sechijairira. Izvo ndezvekusimbisa uye inoonekwa seinodzorwa zvakanyanya. Classical conditioning inoonekwa senge yekufungisisa.

Zvikumbiro kune hutano hwepfungwa

Phobias

Classical conditioning inoshandiswa zvese mukunzwisisa nekurapa phobias. Phobia kutya kwakanyanyisa, kusinganzwisisike kune chimwe chinhu chakanangana nechinhu kana mamiriro ezvinhu.

Paunovandudza phobia, yechinyakare mamiriro anogona kazhinji kuitsanangura.

Semuenzaniso, kana iwe ukavhunduka kurwisa mune imwe nzvimbo - kunge erevheta - unogona kutanga kusanganisa maelevheti nekutya uye wotanga kunzvenga kana kutya kukwira kwese kwese. Kuwana zvakashata zvinokanganisa kunogona kukanganisa mhinduro yako.

Chinhu chakakosha kurangarira ndechekuti phobias dzinovakirwa pane zvisina musoro kutya. Kungofanana neyemhando yechinyakare mamiriro angave akatamba chikamu mu "kudzidza" iyo phobia, inogona zvakare kubatsira kurapa necompondonditioning.

Kana mumwe munhu akafumurwa kuchinhu kana mamiriro avanotya kasingaperi mhedzisiro yakaipa, yechinyakare mamiriro anogona kubatsira kusadzidzisa kutya. Kana uchinge waenda mumachira e100 uye ukasamboona kuvhunduka, haufanire kusanganisa iyo nekutya.

PTSD

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) chirwere chakakomba chekushushikana chinotanga mushure mekusangana nechiitiko chinotyisa. Zvinogona kukonzera kuti unzwe njodzi kunyangwe paunenge wakachengeteka.

Kushushikana kwakanyanya uku kunodzidziswa kuburikidza nemamiriro. Vanhu vane PTSD vane hukama hwakasimba hwakakomberedza kushungurudzika.

Kushandisa zvinodhaka

Kugadziriswa kunotanga kutamba nevanhu vachipora kubva mukusagadzikana kwekushandisa zvinodhaka.

Vanhu vakashandisa zvinodhaka mune dzimwe nharaunda kana nevamwe vanhu kazhinji vasingazive mamiriro kuti vabatanidze kunakidzwa kwekushandisa zvinodhaka nezvinhu izvi.

Ndokusaka vanachiremba vazhinji vachikurudzira vanhu mukushandisa zvinodhaka kupora kuitira kudzivirira mamiriro ezvinhu uye nharaunda dzavanobatana nadzo nekushandisa kwechinhu kuti varege kukonzera kudzokazve.

Classical mamiriro mune ekurapa

Mhando mbiri dzehutano hwepfungwa dzokurapa dzinowanzo fungidzirwa kuverengerwa:

• kurapa kwekuratidzira
• kurapa kurapa

Kurapa kwekuratidzira kunowanzo shandiswa kunetseka kwekuzvidya mwoyo uye phobias. Munhu wacho anoratidzwa kune zvavanotya. Nekufamba kwenguva vakagadziriswa kuti vasachitya.

Aversion therapy inovavarira kumisa hunhu hunokuvadza nekutsiva mhinduro yakanaka nemhinduro isina kunaka. Izvi zvinowanzoshandiswa pakushandisa zvisirizvo zvinhu, senge doro.

Chiremba anogona kunyorera mumwe munhu mushonga unovaita kuti varware kana vakanwa doro, saka munhu wacho anobatanidza kunwa nekunzwa kurwara.

Rudzi urwu rwekurapa kazhinji harubatsiri roga. Pane kudaro, musanganiswa wemamiriro ekurapa ekurapa anoshandiswa.

Tora woenda nazvo

Classical conditioning rudzi rwekusaziva, otomatiki kudzidza. Nepo vanhu vazhinji vachifunga nezve imbwa yaPavlov, pane mazana emienzaniso muhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva ayo anoratidza maitiro echinyakare maitiro anotibata isu.

Classical conditioning inoshandiswa mukushambadzira, kudzidza uye kurapa kutya kana phobias, kusimbiswa kwehunhu hwakanaka, uye kunyangwe kukubatsira kukudzivirira, senge kurwisa chepfu kana zvimwe zvekudya. Inogona zvakare kubatsira mukudzidziswa kwechipfuwo.