Nyowani Mishonga yekurapa Sarudzo dzeShuga

Zvemukati

• Mishonga mitsva yechirwere cheshuga
• Mishonga mitsva yemumuromo
• Xigduo XR
• Synjardy
• Glyxambi
• Wemakeprice
• Segluromet
• Steglatro
• Majekiseni matsva
• Tresiba
• Basaglar uye Toujeo
• Xultophy
• Soliqua
• Ozempic
• Adlyxin
• Ryzodeg
• Chirwere cheshuga mukuvandudza
• Kazhinji inoshandiswa chirwere cheshuga
• Oral mishonga
• Biguanides senge metformin
• Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
• Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-IV inhibitors)
• Meglitinides
• Sodium-glucose co-mutakuri 2 inhibitors (SGLT2)
• Sulfonylureas
• Thiazolidinediones
• Mishonga yekubatanidza
• Jekiseni mishonga
• Insulin
• Amylin analogue
• Glucagon-yakaita peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 agonists)
• Zvinhu zvekufunga kana uchisarudza mushonga

Muna Chivabvu 2020, iyo yakakurudzirwa kuti vamwe vanogadzira metformin yakawedzerwa kuburitswa vabvise mamwe mapiritsi avo kubva kumusika weU.S. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti mwero usingagamuchirike wecarcinogen inokonzeresa (kenza-inokonzeresa mumiriri) yakawanikwa mune mamwe akawedzeredzwa-kuburitsa metformin mapiritsi. Kana iwe parizvino uchitora mushonga uyu, fonera wako mupi wezvehutano. Ivo vanozopa zano kana iwe uchifanira kuenderera kutora mishonga yako kana kana iwe uchida mushonga mutsva.

Paunenge uine chirwere cheshuga, muviri wako unonetseka kubata insulin. Insulin chinhu chinogadzirwa nepancreas chinobatsira muviri wako kushandisa glucose (shuga) kubva muchikafu chaunodya. Insulin inofambisa glucose kubva muropa rako kuenda mumasero ako, ayo anoishandisa simba. Asi kana muviri wako ukasaita insulini yakakwana kana ukasashandisa zvakanaka, glucose inogara muropa rako. Kuve nemazinga eropa eropa kwenguva refu kunogona kukuvadza zvikamu zvemuviri wako.

Kune mhando mbiri dzechirwere cheshuga: type 1 uye type 2. Vanhu vane type 1 diabetes havagone kuzviitira insulin. Vanhu vane type 2 diabetes vanogona kugadzira insulin, asi miviri yavo haigone kuishandisa nemazvo.

Kunyange mushonga wega unoshandiswa kurapa vanhu vane chirwere cheshuga cheshuga iri insulin, inouya mumhando dzakasiyana. Vanhu vane rudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga, kune rimwe divi, vane yakakura mhando yemishonga sarudzo. Muchokwadi, ivo vangangoda kutora inopfuura imwe mhando yemishonga yekurapa mamiriro avo.

Verenga pamusoro kuti udzidze nezve itsva chirwere cheshuga sarudzo uye zvinodhaka izvo zviri kugadzirwa izvozvi, pamwe nemishonga inowanzo shandiswa kune ese ari maviri marudzi eshuga.

Mishonga mitsva yechirwere cheshuga

Mumakore achangopfuura, akati wandei mitsva mishonga yeshuga yakagadzirwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvinodhaka zvemumuromo pamwe nemajekiseni.

Mishonga mitsva yemumuromo

Kunze kweSteglatro, iyo inongova nemushonga mumwe chete, mishonga mitsva yemumuromo inoshandiswa kurapa rudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga mishonga yemubatanidzwa. Ivo mumwe nemumwe vanobatanidza mishonga miviri yavanoshandisa vega kurapa rudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga.

Iyi mishonga mishonga yemazita ese isina mafomu akajairika.

Xigduo XR

Xigduo XR, iyo inouya semaawa makumi maviri nemaviri ekuwedzera-kuburitsa piritsi yemuromo, yakatenderwa kuti ishandiswe muna 2014. Xigduo XR inosanganisa metformin ne dapagliflozin. Metformin inobatsira kuita kuti matishu emuviri ave nehanya ne insulin. Dapagliflozin inovhara imwe yeglucose mune yako system kubva kuisazve ropa rako kuburikidza neitsvo dzako. Izvo zvakare zvinoita kuti muviri wako ubvise yakawanda glucose kubudikidza neweti yako.

Synjardy

Synjardy, iyo inouya sehwendefa remuromo, yakatenderwa kuti ishandiswe muna 2015. Inobatanidza mishonga metformin uye empagliflozin. Empagliflozin inoshanda nenzira yakafanana kune dapagliflozin.

Glyxambi

Glyxambi, iyo inouyawo sehwendefa remuromo, yakabvumidzwa kuti ishandiswe muna 2015. Inobatanidza mishonga linagliptin uye empagliflozin. Linagliptin inovhara kuputsika kwemamwe mahormone mumuviri wako ayo anotaurira pancreas yako kugadzira uye kuburitsa insulin. Inoderedzawo kugaya kwako, izvo zvinononoka kuburitsa glucose muropa rako.

Wemakeprice

Steglujan, iyo inouya sehwendefa remuromo, yakatenderwa mukupera kwa2017. Inobatanidza ertugliflozin uye sitagliptin.

Ertugliflozin inoshanda kuburikidza nenzira imwecheteyo se empagliflozin. Sitagliptin inovhara kuputsika kwemamwe mahormone mumuviri wako ayo anotaurira pancreas yako kugadzira uye kuburitsa insulin. Iyo inononoka kunonoka kugaya kwako, izvo zvinoderedza kunwa kweglucose muropa rako.

Segluromet

Segluromet, iyo inouya sehwendefa remuromo, yakatenderwa mukupera kwa2017. Inobatanidza ertugliflozin uye metformin.

Steglatro

Steglatro, iyo inouya sehwendefa remuromo, yakatenderwa mukupera kwa2017.Iyo zita rezita remushonga ertugliflozin. Iyo inoshanda kuburikidza neiyo imwechete mashini se empagliflozin. Kunge mishonga yemubatanidzwa mune ino runyorwa, Steglatro anoshandiswa kurapa rudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga.

Majekiseni matsva

Aya matsva-ezita mazita ekujojesa haawanikwe semushonga wemageneral. Ivo anoshandiswa kurapa chero mhando 2 chirwere cheshuga, kana ese ari maviri mhando 1 uye mhando 2 chirwere cheshuga.

Iyi mishonga ine mhando ye insulin, GLP-1 agonist, kana ese ari maviri. Mhando dzakasiyana dzejekiseni jekiseni inoshanda sekutsiva iyo insulini iyo muviri wako isingaite kana kusakwanisa kushandisa nemazvo. Glucagon-yakaita peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists inobatsira mapancreas ako kuburitsa yakawanda insulini kana yako glucose yakakwira. Ivo zvakare vanononoka kudzora glucose mukati mekudya.

Tresiba

Tresiba, iyo yakatenderwa muna2015, iri zita rezita reiyo mushonga insulin degludec. Iyo inoshandiswa kurapa ese ari maviri mhando 1 uye mhando 2 chirwere cheshuga.

Tresiba irefu-inoshanda insulin iyo inogara kusvika maawa makumi mana nemaviri. Iyi yakareba kupfuura inowanzo shandiswa insulin. Iyo jekiseni kamwe zuva nezuva.

Basaglar uye Toujeo

Basaglar neToujeo marudzi maviri matsva e insulin glargine. Iwo anoshandiswa kurapa ese ari maviri mhando 1 uye mhando 2 chirwere cheshuga, uye ese ari maviri akajova kamwe zuva nezuva.

Basaglar ndeye refu-inoshanda insulin mushonga uyo wakabvumidzwa muna 2015. Iyo yakafanana neimwe insulin insulin glargine mushonga unonzi Lantus. Toujeo imwe yakanyanya fomu ye insulin glargine. Yakagamuchirwa kuti ishandiswe muna 2015.

Xultophy

Xultophy yakagamuchirwa muna 2016. Inongoshandiswa chete kurapa rudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga. Xultophy jekiseni kamwe pazuva.

Xultophy inosanganisa insulin degludec, yakareba-inoshanda insulin, uye liraglutide, GLP-1 agonist.

Soliqua

Soliqua yakagamuchirwa muna 2016. Inongoshandiswa chete kurapa rudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga. Inopindwa kamwe pazuva.

Soliqua inosanganisa mushonga insulin glargine ne lixisenatide, GLP-1 receptor agonist.

Ozempic

Ozempic yakagamuchirwa mukupera kwegore ra 2017. Inongoshandiswa chete kurapa rudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga. Ozempic iri zita-zita vhezheni yeiyo GLP-1 agonist inonzi semaglutide. Inopindwa kamwe chete pasvondo.

Adlyxin

Adlyxin yakagamuchirwa muna 2016. Inongoshandiswa chete kurapa rudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga. Adlyxin izita-zita vhezheni yeiyo GLP-1 agonist inonzi lixisenatide. Iyo jekiseni kamwe zuva nezuva.

Ryzodeg

Ryzodeg yakatenderwa muna2016 asi haisati yavapo. Yakagadzirwa kuti ishandiswe kurapa zvese zviri zviviri rudzi rwekutanga nerudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga. Ryzodeg inosanganisa insulin degludec ne insulin aspart. Inotarisirwa kujekiwa kamwe chete kana kaviri pazuva.

Chirwere cheshuga mukuvandudza

Pamusoro pemishonga mitsva iyi, akati wandei chirwere cheshuga mishonga iri mukugadzirwa. Iyi mishonga inosanganisira:

• Oral-Lyn. Iri zita-zita zita chinodhaka rinouya sekukurumidza-kuita muromo weinisipira. Yakagadzirirwa kurapa zvese mhando 1 uye mhando 2 chirwere cheshuga.
• Tamba 501. Ichi chishandiso cheaerosol chine insulin yemvura inoitirwa kufemerwa panguva yekudya. Yakagadzirirwa kurapa zvese mhando 1 uye mhando 2 chirwere cheshuga.

Kazhinji inoshandiswa chirwere cheshuga

Iye zvino zvaunoziva nezve nyowani uye iri kuuya chirwere cheshuga, heino runyorwa rwemamwe madhiragi eshuga ayo anoshandiswa parizvino kazhinji. Mimwe yemishonga iyi zvinhu zvemishonga mitsva yekubatanidza yakanyorwa pamusoro, pamwe neyekare mishonga yemubatanidzwa yakanyorwa pazasi.

Oral mishonga

Aya anotevera mapoka emishonga anowanzo shandiswa kurapa mhando 2 chirwere cheshuga. Zvese zvinouya sematafura emuromo. Metformin zvakare inouya semhinduro yemuromo.

Biguanides senge metformin

Metformin inowanzo kuve yekutanga mushonga unoshandiswa kurapa rudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga. Inoshanda nekudzora kugadzirwa kweglucose muropa rako. Izvo zvinoitawo kuti nyama yako yemuviri inzwe zvakanyanya kune insulin. Izvi zvinobatsira matukisi kutora glucose.

Metformin inosanganiswawo nemimwe mishonga yemumuromo yekudzikisa huwandu hwemapiritsi aunofanira kutora.

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

Iyi mishonga inononoka kana kudzivirira kuparara kwemakabohydrate mumuviri wako. Carbohydrate ari mune ine starchy kana shuga ine chikafu. Ichi chiito chinononoka kuiswa kweglucose muropa rako. Mienzaniso yemishonga iyi inosanganisira:

• acarbose
• wemichi

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-IV inhibitors)

Iyi mishonga inodzivirira kuputsika kwemamwe mahormone mumuviri wako ayo anotaurira pancreas yako kugadzira uye kuburitsa insulin. Iyi mishonga inoderedzawo kugaya kwako, izvo zvinononoka kuburitsa glucose muropa rako. Mienzaniso yemishonga iyi inosanganisira:

• alogliptin
• linagliptin
• saxagliptin
• sitagliptin

Meglitinides

Iyi mishonga inotaurira pancreas yako kuti isunungure insulin. Mienzaniso yemishonga iyi inosanganisira:

• nateglinide
• repaglinide

Sodium-glucose co-mutakuri 2 inhibitors (SGLT2)

Iyi mishonga inovhara imwe yeglucose mune yako system kubva kuisazve ropa rako kuburikidza neitsvo dzako. Izvo zvakare zvinoita kuti muviri wako ubvise yakawanda glucose kubudikidza neweti yako. Mienzaniso yemishonga iyi inosanganisira:

• canagliflozin
• dapagliflozin
• empagliflozin
• ertugliflozin

Sulfonylureas

Iyi mishonga inokonzera kuti pancreas yako isunungure yakawanda insulin. Mienzaniso yemishonga iyi inosanganisira:

• glimepiride
• glipizide
• glyburide

Thiazolidinediones

Iyi mishonga inoita kuti nyama dziri mumuviri wako dziwedzere kunetseka kune insulin. Izvi zvinobatsira muviri wako kushandisa yakawanda yeglucose muropa rako. Mienzaniso yemishonga iyi inosanganisira:

• pioglitazone
• rosiglitazone

Mishonga yekubatanidza

Pamusoro peiyo nyowani yakanyorwa pamusoro, akati wandei mishonga yekusanganisa yakawanikwa kwenguva. Mishonga yekubatanidza yekare inosanganisira zvinotevera:

• Duetact Hwendefa rinobatanidza pioglitazone ne glimepiride.
• Janumet piritsi rinobatanidza sitagliptin ne metformin.
• Mushonga wakajairika unouya sehwendefa unobatanidza metformin ne glipizide.
• Iyo mishonga pioglitazone uye rosiglitazone imwe neimwe inowanikwa mufomu yepiritsi pamwe chete ne metformin.

Jekiseni mishonga

Aya anotevera makirasi emishonga anouya mune jekiseni mafomu.

Insulin

Injected insulin inoshanda sekutsiva iyo insulini muviri wako usingaite kana kusakwanisa kushandisa nemazvo. Inogona kushandiswa kurapa mhando 1 kana mhando 2 chirwere cheshuga.

Mhando dzakasiyana dze insulin dziripo. Dzimwe mhando dzinoita nekukurumidza. Aya marudzi anobatsira kudzora yako glucose yeropa panguva yekudya. Dzimwe mhando dzinoshanda kwenguva yakareba. Aya marudzi anodzora rako reropa glucose mukati mezuva nehusiku.

Dzimwe mhando dze insulin dzinosanganisira:

• insulin aspart
• jekiseni jekiseni
• insulin glargine

Amylin analogue

Iyo amylin analogue inonzi pramlintide inotorwa usati wadya. Inobatsira kudzikisa huwandu hwe insulin yaunoda. Iyo inoshandiswa kurapa ese ari maviri mhando 2 uye type 2 chirwere cheshuga.

Glucagon-yakaita peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 agonists)

Iyi mishonga inobatsira kuti pancreas yako isunungure yakawanda insulini kana glucose yako yakakwira. Ivo zvakare vanononoka kudzora glucose mukati mekudya. Iyi mishonga inoshandiswa kurapa mhando 2 chirwere cheshuga chete.

Mienzaniso yemishonga iyi inosanganisira:

• albiglutide
• dulaglutide
• exenatide
• liraglutide
• semaglutide

Zvinhu zvekufunga kana uchisarudza mushonga

Kunyange mishonga yakawanda inoshanda yeshuga yave iri pamusika kwemakore, mishonga mitsva inogona kupa mabhenefiti asiri kuwanikwa nemishonga inowanzo shandiswa.

Ramba uchifunga, isu tinogona kunge tisati taziva nezve ese emhedzisiro uye kudyidzana kwemishonga mitsva. Zvakare, madhiragi matsva anogona kudhura kupfuura madhiragi ekare, kana anogona kunge asati avharwa nezvakawanda zvirongwa zveinishuwarenzi. Uye zvakare, hurongwa hwako hweinishuwarenzi hunogona kusarudza mamwe madhiragi pane mamwe, kana iwo angangoda kuti iwe uite kuyedza kwevakuru, isingadhuri mishonga vasati vavhara mishonga mitsva, inodhura.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti utaure nachiremba wako kana iwe uchifunga nezve itsva chirwere cheshuga zvinodhaka zvinodhaka. Kurukurai nhoroondo yenyu yezvechiremba nachiremba wako, pamwe nemishonga yese uye zvinowedzera zvaunotora. Pamwe chete, iwe nachiremba wako munogona kusarudza kuti ndeipi mishonga mitsva, kana iripo, ingave yakakodzera iwe.