Inofadza Neurotransmitters

Zvemukati

• Neurotransmitters
• Anoshanda sei maurotransmitter?
• Zvinoitwa neurotransmitters
• Zvinonakidza maurotransmitter
• Acetylcholine
• Epinephrine
• Glutamate
• Nhoroondo
• Dopamine
• Mamwe maurotransmitter
• Norepinephrine
• Gamma-aminobutyric acid
• Serotonin
• Kushungurudzika kwakabatana neve neurotransmitters
• Tora woenda nazvo

Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters anoita basa rakakosha mukukurukurirana kweveurus. Iwo emakemikari nhume anotakura mameseji pakati peasero maseru (mauroni) uye mamwe maseru mumuviri wako, zvinokanganisa zvese kubva pamanzwiro kusvika kuzvisungo zvisina basa Maitiro aya anowanzo kunzi neurotransmission kana synaptic transmission.

Kunyanya, mafaro eurotransmitter ane mafaro anokanganisa pane iyo neuron. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanowedzera mukana wekuti iyo neuron ichapisa chiratidzo chinodaidzwa kuti chiito chinogona mune iyo inogamuchira neuron.

Neurotransmitters anogona kuita nenzira dzinofungidzirwa, asi ivo vanogona kukanganiswa nemishonga, chirwere, uye kudyidzana nemamwe makemikari vatumwa.

Anoshanda sei maurotransmitter?

Kuti utumire mameseji mumuviri wese, mauroni anoda kuendesa masaini ekutaurirana. Asi hapana kubatana panyama kune mumwe nemumwe, ingori minuscule gap. Kusangana uku pakati pemasero maviri etsinga kunodaidzwa kunzi synapse.

Kuti utaure nesero rinotevera, iyo neuron inotumira chiratidzo kune iyo synapse nekupararira kweiyo neurotransmitter.

Zvinoitwa neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters inokanganisa maNeuron mune imwe yenzira nhatu: dzinogona kuve dzinonakidza, dzinovhiringidza, kana dzemodulatory. Chinofambisa chinogadzira chinogadzira chiratidzo chinonzi chiito chinogona mune iyo inogamuchira neuron. Anodzivirira ekudzivirira anoidzivirira. Neuromodulators anoronga mapoka emauroni.

1. Zvinonakidza maurotransmitter kuve nemhedzisiro inonakidza pane iyo neuron. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanowedzera mukana wekuti iyo neuron ipise inogona kuita.
2. Inhibitory neurotransmitters vane inhibitory mhedzisiro pane iyo neuron. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanoderedza mukana wekuti iyo neuron ipise chiito.
3. Modulatory maurotransmitter inogona kukanganisa huwandu hwetsinga panguva imwechete uye inokanganisa mhedzisiro yemamwe makemikari vatumwa.

Mamwe maurotransmitter, akadai sedopamine, zvinoenderana neanogamuchira aripo, anogadzira zvese zvinonakidza uye zvinodzivirira mhedzisiro.

Zvinonakidza maurotransmitter

Mhando dzakajairika uye dzakanzwisisika dzeanosimudzira maurotransmitter anosanganisira:

Acetylcholine

Iyi inoratidzira neurotransmitter iyo inowanikwa mukati meiyo system yetsinga. Imwe yemabasa ayo mazhinji ndeyekusimudzira mhasuru, kusanganisira iyo yemudumbu uye system yekuzvidzivirira yekuzvitonga.

Iwe unoziva nezvakanaka zveBotox jekiseni? Ivo anoshandiswa kubvisa kuunyana nekuomesa kwechinguva mamwe mhasuru. Maitiro aya anoshandisa botulinum toxin kuomesa mhasuru munzvimbo nekudzivirira mauroni ari munzvimbo kubva kuburitsa acetylcholine.

Epinephrine

Iyo inonziwo adrenaline, epinephrine inofadza neurotransmitter inogadzirwa neadrenal glands. Inosunungurwa muropa rekugadzirira muviri wako kumamiriro ezvinhu ane njodzi nekuwedzera kurova kwemoyo wako, kuwedzerwa kweropa, uye kugadzirwa kweglucose.

Iwe unoziva here nehondo-kana-yekumhanya mhinduro? Adrenaline inobatsira yako yekutya uye endocrine masystem kugadzirira kune akaomesesa mamiriro maungave iwe uchiita yekurwa-kana-kutiza sarudzo.

Glutamate

Iyi ndiyo inowanzozivikanwa neurotransmitter mukati mehutano hwemagetsi. Iyo inofadza neurotransmitter uye inowanzo chengetedza kuenzana nemhedzisiro ye gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), inorambidza neurotransmitter.

Nhoroondo

Iyi inoratidziro yeurotransmitter inonyanya kubatanidzwa mukuzvimba mhinduro, vasodilation, uye kudzora kweyekudzivirira kwemuviri wako kumitumbi yekunze senge mageneriki.

Dopamine

Dopamine ine mhedzisiro iyo yese inonakidza uye inodzivirira. Iyo inosangana nemubairo maitiro muuropi.

Zvinodhaka zvakadai secocaine, heroin, uye doro zvinogona kuwedzera mwero muropa. Uku kuwedzera kunogona kutungamira kune maseru etsinga anopfura zvisina kujairika izvo zvinogona kukonzeresa kudhakwa pamwe nekuziva uye nekutarisa nyaya.

Chakavanzika chakavanzika che dopamine muropa rako chinogona kubatsira mukukurudzira.

Mamwe maurotransmitter

Norepinephrine

Iyo zvakare inonzi noradrenaline, norepinephrine ndiyo yekutanga neurotransmitter mune inonzwira tsitsi tsinga system iyo inoshanda kudzora kurova kwemoyo, kuwedzerwa kweropa, kushanda kwechiropa, uye mamwe mabasa.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

Iyo inozivikanwawo seGABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid inodzivirira neurotransmitter iyo inoita seyakamedura kune inonakidza maurotransmitter. GABA ine rakapararira rakakura muuropi uye ine basa rakakura mukuderedza kushushikana kwenzvimbo mukati mehurongwa hwetsinga.

Serotonin

Serotonin inorambidza neurotransmitter iyo inosanganisirwa nemanzwiro uye nemanzwiro, kuenzanisa zvakanyanyisa kufadza neurotransmitter mhedzisiro muuropi hwako. Serotonin inogadzirisawo maitiro, akadai sekurara kutenderera, zvishuwo zvehydrohydrate, kugaya chikafu, uye kurwadziwa kwekutambudzika.

Kushungurudzika kwakabatana neve neurotransmitters

Mazhinji maurotransmitter akabatanidzwa neakawanda ezvinetso.

• Chirwere cheAlzheimer chakabatanidzwa nekushaikwa kweacetylcholine uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzehuropi.
• Schizophrenia yave ichibatanidzwa kune yakawandisa huwandu hwedopamine mune mesolimbic nzira yeuropi.
• Chirwere cheParkinson chakabatanidzwa nedopamine diki munzvimbo dzemotokari dzehuropi.
• Epilepsy uye chirwere cheHuntington chakabatanidzwa nekudzikisa GABA muuropi.
• Matambudziko emafungiro akadai sekuzvidya mwoyo akabatanidzwa.
• Matambudziko emafungiro akadai sekushushikana kwemurume, kushushikana, uye kutadza kurara kutenderera zvakabatanidzwa kune (norepinephrine) uye mamwe maurotransmitter.

Tora woenda nazvo

Kune mabhiriyoni emaurotransmitter mamorekuru anoshanda nguva dzose kuti uropi hwako hushande uye nekugadzirisa zvese kubva pakufema kwako kusvika pakurova kwemoyo wako kusvika pakukwanisa kwako kuisa pfungwa.

Kunzwisisa nzira iyo maseru etsinga anotaurirana, pamwe nekuwedzera uye kuderera kwemaurotransmitter zvinokanganisa hutano hwedu hwepanyama uye hwepfungwa, zvinobatsira vatsvagiri uye vanachiremba kuwana nzira dzekuita kuti tifare uye tive nehutano.