Maplatelet: izvo zvavari, basa ravo uye mareferensi kukosha

Zvemukati

• Mabasa makuru
• Referensi tsika
• Nzira yekuwedzera maplatelet
• Kana mupiro weplatelet ukaratidzirwa

Maplatelet zvidimbu zvidiki zvemagetsi zvakatorwa kubva muchitokisi chakagadzirwa nemongo wemapfupa, iyo megakaryocyte. Maitiro ekugadzirwa kwemamegakaryocyte nemwongo wemapfupa uye kupatsanurwa kuita maplatelet zvinotora mazuva angangoita gumi uye inotungamirwa nehormone thrombopoietin, inogadzirwa nechiropa neitsvo.

Maplatelet anoita basa rakakosha muplatelet plug yekugadzira maitiro, zvichikosha kudzivirira kubuda kukuru kweropa, saka zvakakosha kuti huwandu hwemaplatelet anotenderera mumuviri uri mukati meyakajairika mareferensi

Mabasa makuru

MaPlatelet akakosha kune iyo platelet plug yekuumba maitiro panguva yekujaira kupindura kukuvara kwevascular. Mukushayikwa kwemaplatelet, kudonha kweropa kwakati wandei kunogona kuitika mumidziyo midiki, iyo inogona kukanganisa hutano hwemunhu.

Basa replatelet rinogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvitatu zvikuru, zvinonamira, kuunganidza uye kuburitsa uye zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvinoburitswa nemaplatelet panguva yekuita, pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu zvinoburitswa neropa nemuviri. Kana paine kukuvara, maplatelet anoyamirwa kunzvimbo yekukuvara kuitira kudzivirira kubuda kweropa kwakawanda.

Panzvimbo yekukuvara, pane kuwirirana pakati peplatelet uye rusvingo rwemasero, nzira yekunamatira, nekubatana pakati peplatelet uye platelet (kuunganidzwa maitiro), ayo anopindirana nenyaya yekuti Von Willebrand inogona kuwanikwa mukati memaplatelet. Pamusoro pekusunungurwa kweiyo Von Willebrand factor, pane kugadzirwa uye chiitiko chezvimwe zvinhu uye mapuroteni ane chekuita nekugwamba kweropa.

Iyo Von Willebrand chinhu chiripo mumaplatelet chinowanzo sanganisirwa nechinhu VIII chekuumbana, izvo zvakakosha kuti kumisikidzwa kwechinhu X uye kuenderera kweye coagulation cascade, zvichikonzera kugadzirwa kwe fibrin, inoenderana neyechipiri hemostatic plug.

Referensi tsika

Kuti coagulation cascade uye iyo platelet plug yekugadzira maitiro iite nemazvo, huwandu hwemaplatelet muropa hunofanira kunge huri pakati pe150,000 ne450,000 / mm³ yeropa. Zvisinei, kune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kukonzera huwandu hwemaplatelet kudzikira kana kuwedzera muropa.

Thrombocytosis, inoenderana nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemaplatelet, kazhinji haina kuburitsa zviratidzo, ichizivikanwa kuburikidza nekuita kweropa kuverenga. Kuwedzera kwenhamba yemaplatelet kunowanzoenderana nekushandurwa kwemongo wemapfupa, chirwere chemyeloproliferative, hemolytic anemias uye mushure mekuvhiya, semuenzaniso, sezvo paine kuyedza kunoitwa nemuviri kudzivirira kubuda kukuru kweropa. Dzidza nezve zvimwe zvikonzero zveplatelet kukura.

Thrombocytopenia inoratidzirwa nekudzikira kwehuwandu hwemaplateletti anogona kunge ari nekuda kwezvirwere zve autoimmune, zvirwere zvinotapukira, kushomeka kwehutano kwesimbi, folic acid kana vhitamini B12 uye matambudziko ane chekuita nematambudziko ari mudumbu, semuenzaniso. Kuderera kwehuwandu hwemaplatelet kunogona kucherechedzwa nezvimwe zviratidzo, sekuvapo kwekubuda ropa mumhuno nemumatadza, kuwanda kwekuenda kumwedzi, kuvapo kwemavara epepuru paganda uye kuvapo kweropa mumurini, semuenzaniso. Dzidza zvese nezve thrombocytopenia.

Nzira yekuwedzera maplatelet

Imwe yedzimwe nzira dzinogona kuwedzera kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwemaplatelet ndeyekushandurwa kwemahormone kwetrombopoietin, nekuti iri hormone rine basa rekusimudzira kugadzirwa kwezvimedu zvemagetsi. Zvisinei, iyi hormone haiwanikwi mukushandiswa kwekiriniki, zvisinei kune mishonga inotevedzera mashandiro ehormone iyi, ichikwanisa kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwemaplatelet anenge mazuva matanhatu mushure mekutanga kwekurapa, senge Romiplostim naEltrombopag, iyo inofanirwa kushandiswa zvinoenderana nezano rekurapa.

Iko kushandiswa kwemishonga, zvisinei, zvinokurudzirwa chete mushure mekuziva chinokonzeresa kudonha kweplatelet, uye zvinogona kudikanwa kubvisa tsinga, kushandiswa kwecorticosteroids, mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, kusefa kweropa kana kunyange kuwedzerwa kweplatelet. Izvo zvakakoshawo kuti uve nechikafu chakaringana uye chakaringana, chakapfuma muzviyo, michero, miriwo, magidhi uye nyama yakasendama kubatsira mukuita kwekuumbwa kwesero reropa uye kufarira kupora kwemuviri.

Kana mupiro weplatelet ukaratidzirwa

Platelet donation inogona kuitwa nechero munhu anorema anodarika makumi mashanu kg uye ane hutano hwakanaka uye anovavarira kubatsira kupora kwemunhu ari kurapwa kurapwa kweleukemia kana mamwe marudzi egomarara, vanhu vari kupfuurwa nemongo uye nekuvhiyiwa kwemoyo, semuenzaniso.

Chipo cheplatelet chinogona kuitwa pasina chinokuvadza kune anenge apa, nekuti iyo platelet inotsiviwa neiyo muviri inotora angangoita maawa makumi mana nemasere, uye inogadzirwa kubva mukuunganidzwa kweropa rese kubva kune iye mupi iro rinobva rapfuura nepakati peye centrifugation maitiro, kune izvo kuti kune kupatsanurwa kwenzvimbo dzeropa. Munguva yekuita centrifugation, iwo maplatelet akapatsanurwa muhombodo yakakosha yekuunganidza, nepo zvimwe zvinoriumba zveropa zvinodzokera muropa reropa.

Maitiro acho anotora maminetsi makumi mapfumbamwe uye anticoagulant solution inoshandiswa mukati mese nzira yekudzivirira kugwamba nekuchengetedza masero eropa. Platelet donation inobvumidzwa chete kune vakadzi vasina kumbobvira vaita nhumbu uye kune vanhu vasina kushandisa aspirin, acetylsalicylic acid kana isiri-mahormone inorwisa-kupisa mishonga mumazuva matatu pamberi pechipo.