Zvikamu zveropa nemabasa azvo

Zvemukati

• Zvikamu zveropa
• 1. Plasma
• 2. Masero matsvuku eropa kana erythrocyte
• 3. Leukocyte kana machena masero eropa
• 4. Maplatelet kana thrombocyte
• Ropa mhando

Ropa chinhu chinoyerera chine mabasa akakosha ekushanda chaiko kwemuviri, sekutakura okisijeni, zvinovaka muviri uye mahormone kumasero, kudzivirira muviri kuzvinhu zvekunze uye zvinopinza vamiririri nekugadzirisa muviri, kuwedzera pakuve nebasa rekubvisa. izvo zvinhu zvinogadzirwa muma cellular zviitiko uye izvo zvisingafanirwe kuramba zviri mumuviri, senge kabhoni dhayokisaidhi uye urea.

Ropa rinoumbwa nemvura, enzymes, mapuroteni, zvicherwa uye masero, senge masero matsvuku eropa, maplatelet uye leukocyte, ayo ari masero anokonzeresa kushanda kweropa Saka zvakakosha kuti masero ari kutenderera muhuwandu hwakakwana kuti ave nechokwadi chekushanda kwemuviri. Shanduko mumasero eropa inogona kuve yakakosha kuona zvimwe zvirwere zvinogona kunge zvichiitika, senge anemia, leukemia, kuzvimba kana hutachiona, semuenzaniso, izvo zvinofanirwa kurapwa.

Chiyero chinoongorora masero eropa chinozivikanwa sehuwandu hwakazara hweropa uye hazvidi kuti umhanye kuita bvunzo iyi, zvinongoratidzwa chete kuti udzivise zvinwiwa zvinodhaka maawa makumi mana nemasere bvunzo isati yaitwa uye kudzivirira zviitiko zvepanyama 1 zuva rapfuura, sezvavanogona kupindira nemigumisiro. Ona kuti chii kuwanda kweropa uye kuti ungachidudzira sei.

Zvikamu zveropa

Ropa rinoumbwa nechinhu chine mvura uye chakasimba. Chikamu chemvura chinonzi plasma, 90% yacho inongova mvura uye zvimwe zvacho zvinoumbwa nemapuroteni, maenzymes uye zvicherwa.

Chikamu chakasimba chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakafungidzirwa, ari masero senge maseru matsvuku eropa, leukocyte uye maplatelet uye anotamba akakosha mashandiro ekushanda kwakanaka kweiyo muviri.

1. Plasma

Plasma chikamu chemvura cheropa, chichive chine viscous mukuenderana uye yero yeruvara. Plasma inoumbwa muchiropa uye mapuroteni makuru aripo maglobulin, albumin uye fibrinogen. Plasma ine basa rekutakura carbon dioxide, zvinovaka muviri uye chepfu inogadzirwa nemaseru, pamusoro pekuva nebasa rekutakura mishonga mumuviri wese.

2. Masero matsvuku eropa kana erythrocyte

Masero matsvuku eropa chikamu chakasimba, chitsvuku cheropa chine basa rekutakura okisijeni mumuviri wese, sezvo iine hemoglobin. Masero matsvuku eropa anogadzirwa nemongo wemapfupa, anogara kwemazuva angangoita zana nemakumi masere uye mushure menguva iyoyo aparadzwa muchiropa nepenjere.

Huwandu hwemasero matsvuku eropa mu 1 cubic mm muvarume anenge mamirioni mashanu uye mumadzimai ari angangoita mamirioni 4.5, kana aya maitiro ari pasi pezvaitarisirwa, munhu anogona kunge aine anemia. Kuverenga uku kunogona kuitwa kubudikidza nebvunzo inonzi yakakwana kuverenga ropa.

Kana iwe wakamboongororwa ropa nguva pfupi yadarika uye uchida kunzwisisa kuti mhedzisiro yacho ingarevei, isa zvinyorwa zvako pano:

3. Leukocyte kana machena masero eropa

Leukocyte ndiyo inokonzeresa kudzivirirwa kweiyo muviri uye inogadzirwa nemongo wemapfupa uye node node. Leukocytes anoumbwa neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes uye monocytes.

• Neutrophils: Ivo vanoshanda kurwisa kuzvimba kudiki uye hutachiona hunokonzerwa nehutachiona kana fungi. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kana bvunzo yeropa ichiratidza kuwanda kwema neutrophils, munhu anogona kunge aine kuzvimba kunokonzerwa nebhakitiriya kana fungus. Neutrophils inosanganisira mabhakitiriya uye fungi, zvichipa izvi zvine hukasha zvisina basa, asi zvobva zvafa zvichipa pus. Kana pus iyi ikasasiya muviri, inokonzeresa kuzvimba nekuumbwa kwethumba.
• Eosinophils: Ivo vanoshanda kurwisa hutachiona hwehutachiona uye allergic reaction.
• Basophils: Ivo vanoshanda kurwisa mabhakitiriya uye allergic reaction, ivo vanotungamira mukuburitswa kwe histamine, iyo inotungamira kune vasodilation kuitira kuti mamwe maseru ekudzivirira asvike kunharaunda inodiwa pakubviswa kweanopinda mumiriri.
• Lymphocytes: Iwo akajairika muiyo lymphatic system asi aripowo muropa uye ari emhando mbiri: B uye T masero anoshanda kuma antibodies anorwisa hutachiona uye maseru ekenza.
• Monocytes: Vanogona kubva muropa uye vanozivikanwa mu phagocytosis, iyo inosanganisira kuuraya iye anopinda nekupa chikamu chemupambi iyeye kuT lymphocyte kuitira kuti mamwe maseru ekudzivirira agadziriswe.

Nzwisisa zvimwe pamusoro pekuti leukocyte chii uye ndeapi mareferensi tsika.

4. Maplatelet kana thrombocyte

Maplatelet ndiwo masero ane basa rekumisa kubuda kweropa nekuumbwa kweropa. Imwe neimwe cubic millimeter reropa rinofanira kuva nemaplatelet zana nemakumi mashanu ezviuru kusvika mazana mana.

Kana munhu aine maplatelet mashoma pane zvakajairwa kunetsekana nekumisa kubuda kweropa, panogona kuve nekubuda ropa kunogona kutungamira kurufu, uye kana paine maplatelet akawanda kupfuura zvakajairika pane njodzi yekuumbwa kwetrombus iyo inogona kutsiva kuvhara chimwe chinhu cheropa chinogona kukonzeresa. infarction, sitiroko kana pulmonary embolism. Ona izvo zvakakwirira uye zvakaderera maplatelet zvinogona kureva.

Ropa mhando

Ropa rinogona kusarudzwa zvichienderana nekuvapo kana kusavapo kwemaantigen A uye B pamusoro pemasero matsvuku eropa. Nekudaro, ina marudzi eropa anogona kutsanangurwa maererano neiyo ABO kupatsanura:

1. Ropa mhando A, umo masero matsvuku eropa ane antigen A pamusoro pawo uye anogadzira anti-B antibodies;
2. Ropa rerudzi B, umo masero matsvuku eropa ane B antigen pamusoro payo uye inogadzira anti-A antibodies;
3. Ropa mhando AB, umo masero matsvuku eropa ane marudzi maviri eantigen pamusoro wawo;
4. Ropa mhando O, umo ma erythrocyte asina maantigen, pamwe nekugadzirwa kweanti-A uye anti-B antigen.

Ropa mhando inozivikanwa pakuzvarwa kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwerabhoritari. Tsvaga zvese nezveropa rako.

Dzidza zvakawanda nezve mhando dzeropa uye unzwisise mashandiro anoita chipo, muvhidhiyo inotevera: