Zvikonzero zvisere Iwe Unogona Kusangana Nemarwadzo Mushure meBonde
Zvemukati
- Nei Iwe Unogona Kusangana Nemarwadzo Mushure meBonde
- 1. Unoda nzira iri nani yekudziya.
- 2. Une BV, yeast infection, kana UTI.
- 3. Une njovhera kana PID.
- 4. Uri kuita allergic reaction.
- 5. Une vaginismus.
- 6. Ovarian cysts ako ari kukukanganisa.
- 7. Une endometriosis.
- 8. Uri kuenda nemamwe mahomoni anochinja.
- Icho Chinokosha Nezve Marwadzo Mushure Bonde
- Ongororo ye
Munyika yekufungidzira, bonde nderekunakidzwa (uye hapana kana imwe yemhedzisiro!) Nepo post-bonde iri cuddles uye afterglow. Asi kune vanhu vazhinji vane vaginas, kurwadziwa mushure mekuita bonde uye kusagadzikana kwakawanda zvinosuwisa kuti zvakajairika.
"Vanopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chevanhu vanozonzwa kurwadziwa mushure mekupinda pabonde pane imwe nguva muhupenyu hwavo," anodaro Kiana Reeves, nyanzvi yezvepabonde yeSomatic uye mudzidzisi wezvepabonde nenharaunda neForia Awaken, kambani inogadzira zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirirwa kuderedza marwadzo. uye kuwedzera kunakidzwa panguva yebonde. (Pssst: Kana iwe uchizivawo kurwadziwa panguva yako, ungangoda kupa nguva yekuita bonhora chinyararire.)
’Saka vanhu vazhinji vanouya kuzondiona nekuda kwechikonzero ichocho, "anobvuma Erin Carey, M.D., chiremba wezvevakadzi anoongorora mukurwadziwa kwepamuviri uye hutano hwepabonde paUNC Chikoro cheMishonga.
Pane zvikonzero zvakasiyana siyana zvekurwadziwa mushure mebonde - kubva pakurwadziwa kwepelvic mushure mebonde, kurwadziwa mudumbu mushure mebonde, kurwadziwa kwemukadzi mushure mebonde, uye zvimwe zviratidzo zvisina kugadzikana.Izvi zvingaite sezvinotyisa, asi “kunyangwe paine zvakawanda zvinokonzeresa kurwadza kwebonde, zvizhinji zvacho zvinogona kugadziriswa nekurapwa,” anodaro Reeves. Phew.
Kuti ugadzirise marwadzo ako mushure mebonde, kutanga, iwe unofanirwa kunzwisisa chiri kukonzera chikonzero. Pano, nyanzvi dzinoputsa zvikonzero zvinowanzoitika iwe unogona kunzwa kurwadziwa mushure mekuita zvepabonde. Ongorora: Kana chimwe chezviratidzo izvi chichiita sechizivikanwa, fonera chiremba wako.
Nei Iwe Unogona Kusangana Nemarwadzo Mushure meBonde
1. Unoda nzira iri nani yekudziya.
Panguva yepabonde, haifanire kunzwa sekunge iwe urikuyedza kukwirisa hoko yemakona mugomba rakatenderera. "Vakadzi vanogona kukwana masendimita gumi musoro wemwana kuburikidza nemukati memukadzi pasina iyo kubvaruka; yakasununguka," anodaro Steven A. Rabin, MD, FACOG neAdvanced Gynecology Solutions, Inc muBurbank, California. Kuti nyini ive yakasununguka, zvakadaro, iwe unofanirwa kuvhenekerwa. "Icho chikamu chevakadzi kuita zvepabonde," anotsanangura.
Kana muviri wako usina kukosheswa zvakakwana pabonde, kupinda mukati kunogona kusakwanisika zvachose, kana kunyanya kusimba kunogona kutungamira mukukwesana kwakanyanya panguva yebonde, zvichikonzera kuchema-kuchema mumadziro emukadzi. Muchiitiko ichi, unogona kunzwa "kunetswa, kunzwa kwakasvibira mukati" panguva yebonde, anodaro Reeves. Izvi zvinogona zvakare kusiya marwadzo emukadzi mushure mekuita bonde.
Zvino, kana mukati memukati memukadzi wako uchinzwa mbishi kana kurwadziwa uye uchirwadziwa mushure mebonde, ungangoda imwe foreplay uye / kana lube usati waedza kupinda. Panzvimbo pekuita muyedzo uye kukanganisa, Reeves anokurudzira kubata labia pre-insert. Iyo yakasimba iyo inonzwa kune iyo kubata, iko kwakawanda kutendeuka kwauri iwe. (Zvakafanana: Chii Chinoitika Kana Wanyatsobatidzwa)
Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti vamwe vakadzi vanogona kungoshivirira kupinda mukati mushure mechirume nekuti ipapo mhasuru dzinenge dzakasununguka uye muviri wako wakanyanya kukoshesa kupinda, anotsanangura Dr. Carey. "Vamwe vanhukadzi vanogona kunge vaine huta hwepakati [hwakasimba] hwepelinha uye vangangoda kudzidza kudzikamisa nyinyo usati wapinda," anodaro. Funga kuona murapi wepilvic floor uyo anogona kukupa maekisesaizi ayo anodzidzisa iwo mamhasuru kuti asununguke zvakakwana kuitira kuti apinde ku1) zviitike zvachose 2) zviitike pasina kukweshana kwakanyanya kana kurwadziwa kwataurwa pamusoro, anodaro.
Imwe mikana ndeyekusingaperi kwekuoma kwemukadzi, anodaro Dr. Carey. Kana yekuwedzera foreplay isiri kubatsira, tarisa kune yako doc. (Ona zvimwe: 6 Zvakajairika Zvikanganiso zveVaginal Kuoma).
2. Une BV, yeast infection, kana UTI.
"Nyaya nhatu idzi dzinogona kukonzeresa vanhu vanoita bonde kurwadziwa kwakanyanya nezvebonde uye kazhinji kunetseka kusingabvumirwe," anodaro Rob Huizenga, M.D chiremba ane mukurumbira muLA-based, nyanzvi yehutano hwepabonde, uye munyori weZvepabonde, Nhema & STDs. Nepo vese vakanyanya kuwanda, marwadzo anokonzerwa neimwe neimwe panguva uye mushure mekuita bonde akati siyanei.
Hutachiona Vaginosis (BV): Kana BV (kuwanda kwebhakitiriya mukati memukadzi) ichiratidza, inowanzouya neine simba, hwema hwehove uye hutete, hwakasununguka kubuda. Zvakare, unogona kusazomboda kuita bonde kana sikarudzi yako ichinhuwirira, asi kana ukadaro… ouch! "Izvo zvichakonzera kuzvimba kune vaginal mucosa, iyo ichawedzera kushatirwa kubva kune zvepabonde," anotsanangura kudaro Dr. Carey. "Chero kushatirwa kwepelvis kunogonawo kukonzera mhasuru dzepelvic kuti dziite spasm mukupindura." Aya ma spams anogona kugadzira kurovera kana kupururudza kwekunzwa izvo zvisina kugadzikana uye zvinokusiya iwe uine kurwadziwa kwepamuviri mushure mebonde. Neraki, BV inogona kujekeswa nemushonga kubva kuna chiremba wako.
Mbiriso Infection: Inokonzerwa necandida fungus, hosha dzembiriso dzinowanzouya ne "cottage cheese" kubuda, kukwenya kutenderedza pubic nzvimbo, uye kurwadza kwakazara mukati nekutenderedza nether-bits yako. Chaizvoizvo, bonde uye mbiriso hutachiona zvinenge zvakaenzana saAriana Grande naPete Davidson. Saka, kana iwe ukazviwana uchiita tsvina iwe uine imwe, zvinogona kunge zvisina kugadzikana. “Nemhaka yekuti utachiona hwembiriso hunoita kuti matishu ari munhengo yemukadzi azvipire,” anotsanangura kudaro Dr. Carey. Sanganisa kupokana kwekupinda nekuzvimba kwagara kuripo, uye zvinotowedzera chero kurwadziwa kana kutsamwa. Kutaura zvazviri, Dr. Barnes anoti kuzvimba kunogona kuva mukati kana kunze, saka kana labia yako ichiita seyakatsvuka shure kwechokwadi, ndicho chikonzero. Ndatenda,inotevera. (Pro tip: tevera iyi Nhanho-Ne-Nhanho Gwaro reKurapa Vaginal Yeast Utachiona usati waenda kuMaodzanyemba.)
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): UTI inoitika kana mabhakitiriya akaiswa muurinary turakiti yako (urethra, dundira, uye itsvo). Ichokwadi, iwe hausi kuzove mumamiriro ezvinhu kana iwe uine UTI, asi kana mukana ukauya uchigogodza uye ukasarudza kutora, zvinozonzwa zvishoma pane zvinoshamisa. "Ladder lining inotsamwiswa kana uine UTI, uye nekuti dundira rinorara kumadziro ekumberi kwemukadzi, kusangana kunopinda kunogona kukanganisa nzvimbo yatosvotwa," anotsanangura Dr. Carey. "Nekuda kweizvozvo, tsandanyama dzepelvic pasi, (dzinotenderedza mukadzi uye dundira), dzinogona kuputika, zvichikonzera kurwadziwa kwechipiri kwepelvic mushure mebonde." Sezvineiwo, mushonga unorwisa mabhakitiriya unogona kubvisa utachiona zvachose. (Zvakafanana: Unogona Kuita Bonde neUTI?)
3. Une njovhera kana PID.
Usati wanyemwerera, ziva kuti "njovhera hadzisianozivikanwa nokuda kwokukonzera marwadzo panguva kana kuti pashure pebonde,” maererano naHeather Bartos, M.D., an ob-gyn muCross Roads, Texas. Kunyange zvakadaro, dzimwe njovhera dzinogona kutungamirira kumarwadzo pashure pebonde, zvikurukuru kana dzikaenda dzisingaoneki uye dzisina kurapwa kwenguva refu.
Herpes ndiyo njovhera inonyanyobatanidzwa nemarwadzo, anodaro Dr. Bartos. "Inogona kuratidza nemaronda epamuviri kana ezveronda maronda, maronda, kana mabhureki eganda anogona kurwadza zvakanyanya uye kusagadzikana kwete chete panguva uye mushure mepabonde asiwo muhupenyu hwese." Nyanzvi dzinopa mazano akafanana: Kana iwe uri pakati pekubuda kweherpes, usaita zvepabonde. Hazvirevi kuti unokwanisa kutapurira utachiona kune mumwe wako chete, asi bonde rinogona kuita kuti maronda ekunze avhure kana kuti akure uye atonyanya kupfava kusvika apora. (Yakabatana: Heino Maitiro Ekubvisa Iyo Cold Sore Mune 24 Maawa). Uyezve, sezvo hutachiona hweherpes hunogara mutsinga, zvinokonzeresa kurwadziwa kusingaperi kwetsinga, anodaro Courtney Barnes, MD, an ob-gyn neYunivhesiti yeMissouri Health Care muColumbia, Missouri.
Zvimwe zveSTI zvakaita segonorrhea, chlamydia, mycoplasma, uye trichomoniasis zvinogona zvakare kutungamira pakurwadziwa panguva uye mushure mebonde kana vakazoita chirwere chekupomba chemuhudyu (PID), anodaro Dr. Huizenga. "Ihwo hutachiona hwenhengo yekubereka uye ura - kunyanya chibereko, tubal, ovarian, uye mukati-mudumbu - izvo zvinoita kuti vapiswe." Chiratidzo chinozivikanwa chePID ndicho chinonzi navanachiremba chinonzi "chandelier" chiratidzo, chinova kana chisinganyatso kubata ganda pamusoro pemuromo wechibereko chinokonzera kurwadziwa.
Kuita zvepabonde kana kuti kwete, "vanhu vanogona kurwara chaizvo nechirwere ichi sezvachinowedzera; zvinogona kukonzera kurwadziwa kukuru kwemudumbu, fivha, kubuda ropa, kurutsa / kurutsa, nezvimwewo kusvikira yarapwa," anodaro Dr. Barnes. Mhinduro yacho? Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. `
Uye inoshamwaridzika PSA: Mazhinji maSTI haana chiratidzo (kusanganisira iwo anonzi akarara maSTD), saka kunyangwe kana usiri kurwadziwa nemaronda mushure mebonde kana chero chimwe chezviratidzo zvataurwa pamusoro apa, usakanganwa kuyedzwa mwedzi mitanhatu yega yega, kana pakati vadyidzani, chero chinouya pakutanga.
4. Uri kuita allergic reaction.
Kana nhengo yako yemukadzi ichinzwa yakashatirwa kana yakasvibirira, yakazvimba, kana kuvava mushure mekuita bonde (uye izvo zvinopinda mukati kana kunze), "zvinogona kunge zvisinganzwisisike kana kusanzwa nembeu yemumwe wako, mafuta ekuzora, kana kondomu kana dhamu remazino," anodaro Dr. Carey. Kurwara kwemurume hakuwanzoitika (tsvagiridzo inoratidza vakadzi makumi mana chete muUS vari kukanganiswa nembeu yavo yeSO), asi mhinduro yechikonzero ichi chekurwadziwa mushure mebonde ndeyekushandisa chipingamupinyi kudzivirira kusangana, anodaro. Zvine musoro. (Inoenderana: Unofanirwa kunge Uchishandisa Organic Makondomu?).
Kune rimwe divi, sekureva kwaReeves, kurwara kwekupedzisira uye kugadzikana kune yako lube kana yekutamba pabonde zvakajairika. Kana iwe uine latex allergies, kune mhuka dzemakondomu makondomu kana zvimwe vegan sarudzo, anodaro.
Kana zviri zvemafuta uye matoyi, kana paine chero zvigadzirwa iwe zvausingakwanise kutaura, ingoti kwete! "Kazhinji, mafuta emvura ane mvura haanyanyi kushungurudza," anodaro Dr. Carey. "Vamwe vakadzi vanonyanya kunetseka vachashandisa mafuta echisikigo akadai semafuta emuorivhi kana kokonati mafuta semafuta panguva yepabonde." Ingo cherekedza kuti oiri mune idzi sarudzo dzepanyama dzinogona kupaza latex mumakondomu uye kuita kuti isashande. (Yakabatana: Maitiro Ekuudza Kana Dzako DzeBonde Matoyi Ane chepfu).
Kana pasina chimwe chezvigadziriso izvi chichikufadza, unogona kushanyira allergist kuti uongorore ganda reallergies kuti uone kuti chii chaicho chinonzi allergen, anodaro Dr. Bartos. (Hongu, vanogona kunyange kuita izvi nemurume, anodaro.)
5. Une vaginismus.
Kune vazhinji vakadzi nevanhu vane vaginas, kana chimwe chinhu - chingave tampon, speculum, chigunwe, mboro, dildo, nezvimwe - zvoda kuiswa mukati memukadzi, mhasuru dzinozorora kuti dzigamuchire chinhu chekunze. Asi kune vanhu vane chirwere chidiki-chinozivikanwa ichi, mhasuru hadzigone kuzorora. Panzvimbo pezvo, "mhasuru dzine zvipingaidzo zvisina basa izvo zvinosunga mukova kusvika padanho rekuti kupinza kunenge kusingakwanise kana kurwadza chaiko," anotsanangura Dr. Rabin.
Kunyangwe mushure mekuyedza kupinza, mukadzi anokwanisa kusimbisa nekuumbana mukutarisira mamwe marwadzo, anotsanangura Dr. Barnes, iyo pachayo inogona kurwadza uye inotungamira mukukuvara kwemhasuru, tisingatauri kunokonzera kurwadziwa kusingaperi mushure mebonde. (Yakabatana: Ichokwadi Nezve Zvinoitika kune Vagina Yako kana Iwe Usina Kuva Nebonde muNguva).
Hapana kana chimwe chinokonzera vaginismus: "Inogona kukonzerwa nekukuvara kwechiuno kubva kumitambo, kushungurudzwa pabonde, kubereka, kuzvimba muhuro hwepelvic, hutachiona, nezvimwe," anotsanangura Reeves.
Zvinowanzofungidzirwa kuparadzanisa zvepfungwa uye zvemuviri (sezvakawanda zvinhu zviri!). "Zvakafanana nemukadzi ari kuedza 'kudzivirira' munhu kubva mukushungurudzika," anodaro Dr. Bartos. Ndosaka iye naReeves vachikurudzira kuti vaone trauma-yakadzidziswa yepelvic pasi murapi wepanyama uyo anogona kushanda newe kusunungura tsandanyama idzi uye kugadzirisa chinokonzera chikonzero kana chiripo. “Ini ndinopa zano rekuita bonde uye murapi wepilvic floor kana uchinge wawana,” anodaro Reeves.
6. Ovarian cysts ako ari kukukanganisa.
Wakagadzirira kuti pfungwa dzako dzifurwe? Wese mhezi-yemurume wezera rekubereka asiri padanho rekuzvarwa anoita ovarian cyst panguva yekuvhiya mwedzi wega wega, anotsanangura Dr. Carey. Woah. Ipapo, ma cysts aya anotsemuka kuburitsa zai iwe usina kumboziva kuti rimwe rakarembera imomo.
Nekudaro, dzimwe nguva idzi masaga akazadzwa nehunyoro anokonzeresa kurwadziwa kwepadumbu - kunyanya kurudyi kana kuruboshwe kwedumbu, uko kune maovari. (Mhorooo, cramps!) Maererano nenyanzvi, pane zvikonzero zvitatu zvikuru nei ungave uchirwadziwa neovary mushure mekuita bonde kana chero nguva yenyaya iyoyo.
Kutanga, iko kuputika chaiko kunogona kukonzera kusanzwisisika kurwadziwa kana kurwadziwa mudumbu. Chechipiri, nepo mvura inoyerera ichibuda ichatorwa nemuviri mukati memazuva mashoma, "inogona kukonzeresa pelvic peritoneum (iyo nhete yakatetepa iyo inodonhedza dumbu nemuhudyu) ichiita kuti kusangana nekutsi kwemukadzi kwako kunetse, uye kusangana kunorwadza pamberi yakanyatsonyura, "anodaro Dr. Carey. Muzviitiko zvese izvi, unogona kuve nekurwadziwa usati, panguva, uye mushure mebonde. Asi usafunge "zvakanaka, kana zvichizokuvadza zvakadaro, ndingangoitawo" nekuti, kurara nemunhu pabonde "kunogona kukonzera kuzvimba mumukono izvo zvinowanzo kutungamira pakurwadziwa zvakanyanya mushure mebonde," anotsanangura.
Zivo isimba pano: "Mwedzi wega wega, iwe unozoziva kuti pane zuva kana maviri apo bonde mune chimwe chinzvimbo chinogona kukuvadza," anodaro Dr. Rabin. "Gadzira chinja uye chinja kona yekurwisa." Kana, kungosiya bonde kwemamwe mazuva makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe pamwedzi. (Yakabatana: Uyu Actress Akange Achipatara Muchipatara cheRuptured Ovarian Cyst).
Dzimwe nguva zvakadaro, aya ma cysts haaputsike. Asi, "vanokura uye vanokura uye vanova vanorwadziwa, kunyanya panguva yekupinda," anotsanangura Dr. Rabin. Uye, hongu, ivo vanogona kukonzera marwadzo mushure mebonde, zvakare. "Kupinda kunokonzeresa kushungurudzika mukati mako kunorwadza kunyangwe zvazoitika."
Wako ob-gyn anogona kuita ultrasound kuti aone kuti ndizvo here kana kuti kwete izvo zviri kukonzera marwadzo ako. Kubva ipapo, "vanogona kuongororwa, kana iwe unogona kuenda kunotora piritsi, rin'i, kana chigamba," anodaro. Dzimwe nguva, anodaro, vangangoda kuvhiyiwa. Nepo nhau idzi dzichisvotesa uye hapana anofarira kufunga nezvekuenda pasi pebanga, funga nezvese bonde risina kurwadziwa raungaite mushure!
7. Une endometriosis.
Mikana ndeyokuti iwe zvichida wakambonzwa nezve endometriosis - kana usingazivi mumwe munhu anotambura nayo. ICYDK, mamiriro ezvinhu apo "masero ekuenda kumwedzi anodyara nekukura kumwe kunhu mumuviri - kazhinji mumapapiro ako (akadai semazai emazai, Fallopian machubhu, ura, ura, kana dundira)," anotsanangura Dr. Rabin. "Izvi zvisirizvo zvekuenda kumwedzi kuzvimba uye kubuda ropa, zvichikonzera kuzvimba kupindura uye dzimwe nguva vanga zvinyama." (Verenga: Sei Zvakaomarara Kune Vakadzi Vatema Kuongororwa neEndometriosis?)
Haasi munhu wese ane endometriosis achanzwa kurwadziwa panguva yebonde kana kurwadziwa mushure mebonde, asi kana ukadaro, kuzvimba uye / kana mavanga kazhinji ndizvo zvinokonzeresa. Parizvino, iwe unoziva kuzvimba = kurwadziwa, saka hazvifanirwe kushamisika ndosaka paine kurwadziwa panguva uye / kana mushure mebonde.
Asi, "mune dzimwe nguva dzakakomba, mhinduro yekukuvara yakawandisa, uye kusangana pabonde kunogadzira kunzwa kuti nyini, chibereko, nenhengo yepelvic yakapoteredzwa iri kudhonzwa," anodaro Dr. Barnes. Uye kana zvirizvo, anoti kurwadziwa - uko kunogona kusanganisira chero chinhu kubva padiki kusuwa kusvika mukati mekurova kwekunzwa kana kupisa - kunogona kunonoka mushure mebonde zvakare. Ugh.
Kune vamwe varwere, bonde nemhedzisiro yaro zvinongorwadza panguva yavo yekutevera, anodaro Dr. Carey, asi kune vamwe vanhu, kurwadziwa mushure mebonde uye panguva yekusangana kunogona kuitika mazuva ese emwedzi. "Endometriosis parizvino haina mushonga, asi nhanho inotevera ndeyekuona chiremba anonzwisisa chirwere chechirwere ichi nekuti mishonga nekuvhiya zvinogona kubatsira kubata zviratidzo." (Yakabatana: Yakawanda Sei Nguva Yekutambudzika Yakajairika).
8. Uri kuenda nemamwe mahomoni anochinja.
"Panguva yekuguma kuenda kumwedzi uye uchangobereka, pane kuderera kweestrogen," anotsanangura Reeves. Kuderera kweestrogen kunotungamira mukudzora kwekuzora. ICYDK, kana iri nyaya yebonde, kunyorova kuri nani. Nekudaro, uku kushayikwa kwe lube kunogona kukonzeresa kushoma kunonakidza pabonde uye kurwadziwa mushure mebonde, sezvo yako yemukati canal inogona kunyatsonzwa yakasviba uye kushushikana. Dr. Carey vanoti gadziriso yakanakisa yechikonzero chekurwadziwa mushure mebonde musanganiswa we lube uye wemukadzi estrogen therapy.
Icho Chinokosha Nezve Marwadzo Mushure Bonde
Ziva izvi: Zvepabonde hazvifanirwe kunge zvichirwadza, saka kana iwe uchirwadziwa mushure mebonde, taura nachiremba wako nezvazvo. "Kuziva chaiko kunokonzeresa kwekurwadziwa mushure mebonde kunogona kutora moyo murefu nekuti pane zvimwe zvikonzero zvakawanda zvinokonzeresa zvekusangana kunorwadza," pamusoro pevaya vatokurukurwa anodaro Dr. Barnes. Zvimwe zvikonzero zvisingawanzo kuverengerwa zvinosanganisira lichens sclerosis (yakajairika geni ganda mamiriro mune epashure-menopausal vakadzi), vaginal atrophy (iyo kutetepa, kuomesa, uye kuzvimba kwemadzimai emadziro anoitika kana muviri wako uine shoma estrogen), kuonda kwemadzimai madziro , mavanga emukati kana kunamatira, Interstitial Cystitis (chirwere chisingaperi chinorwadza) kana kutokanganisa maruva emunhukadzi - asi doc wako anokwanisa kukubatsira kuti uone kuti chii chiri kumusoro.
Rangarira zvakadaro, "munguva zhinji, kurapwa kunowanikwa uye kunogona kubatsira kuita kuti bonde rifadze zvakare!" anodaro Dr. Barnes.
"Saka vakadzi vazhinji vanorwadziwa panguva uye mushure mekusangana pabonde, asi havazive kuti icho hachisi chinhu chakajairika," anowedzera Reeves. "Ndinoshuva dai ndaigona kuudza munhu wese kuti bonde rinofanira kungofadza chete." Saka, zvino zvamava kuziva, paradzira shoko. (Ah, uye FYI, newewo haufanire kunge uchirwadziwapanguva sex, kana).