8 Zvikonzero Vabereki Vasina Kubaya (uye Nei Vachifanira)

Zvemukati

• 1. Kunetsekana: "Mishonga yakawanda yekudzivirira zvirwere nekukurumidza ichakunda immune system yemwana wangu."
• 2. Kunetsekana: "Chirwere chemuviri chemwana wangu hachina kukura, saka zviri nani kunonoka mamwe majekiseni kana kungowana akakosha."
• 3. The Concern: "Majekiseni ane chepfu, yakadai semercury, aluminium, formaldehyde, uye antifreeze."
• 4. Kunetsekana: "Mishonga yekudzivirira zvirwere hainyatsoshanda zvakadaro-tarisai jekiseni rekudzivirira furu yegore rapfuura."
• 5. Kunetsekana: "Kwaisazove 'nematare edziviriro' kana majekiseni asina ngozi."
• 6. Kunetsekana: "Mishonga yekudzivirira zvirwere inoita senzira yekuti makambani anogadzira mishonga navanachiremba vawane mari yakawanda."
• 7. Kunetsekana: "Iyo mhedzisiro yemamwe majekiseni inoita kunge yakaipa kupfuura chirwere chaicho."
• 8. Zvinonetsa: "Kundimanikidza kubayisa nhomba kukanganisa kodzero dzangu."
• Ongororo ye

Nguva yechando yadarika, apo 147 nyaya dzegwirikwiti dzakapararira mumatunhu manomwe, pamwe neCanada neMexico, vabereki havana kuvhunduka, pamwe nekuti denda rakatanga kuDisneyland, muCalifornia. Asi zvinogona kunge zvakanyanya kuipa. Dai pakanga pasina jekiseni rekudzivirira gwirikwiti, taizove nemamiriyoni mana emakesi muU.S. gore rega rega. Mushonga usati wasvika muna 1963, anenge munhu wese akawana chirwere ichi achiri mudiki, uye paavhareji vana mazana mana nemakumi mana vakafa kubva pachiri gore negore mumakore gumi apfuura. Sezvineiwo, nhasi pakati pe80 ne90 muzana yevana vanowana majekiseni mazhinji. Asi mune mamwe matunhu muUS, nhamba dziri kukura dzevabereki dziri kubuda. Kana izvozvo zvikaitika, ivo vanowedzera mukana wekuputika munharaunda yavo. Chikonzero chinowanzoita kuti vabereki vasvetuke majekiseni? Kuchengetedzeka kunetsekana, kunyangwe paine humbowo hwakawandisa hwekuti havana njodzi. Humbowo hwechangobva kuitika: mushumo wakazara wa2013 neInstitute of Medicine iyo yakawana iyo US hudiki-yekudzivirira chirongwa ichi inoshanda, iine mashoma mashoma njodzi. (Uye isu tichaenda kune avo.)

Pamwe iyo inonyanya kukosha yehutano yakagadzirwa munhoroondo, majekiseni anobatwa nekubudirira kwawo. "Dzinoshanda kwazvo, dzinobvisa zvirwere zvakaita segwirikwiti. Asi zvino tinokanganwa kuti zvirwere izvi zvine ngozi," anodaro Kathryn Edwards, M.D., mutungamiriri weVanderbilt University Vaccine Research Program, muNashville. Kusaziva nezvemajekiseni kunokonzeresa kufunganya, uye kuronga chokwadi kubva mungano hakusi nyore nguva dzose.Pfungwa isiriyo yekuti jekiseni regwirikwiti-mumps-rubella (MMR) inogona kukonzera autism yagara mupfungwa dzevamwe vabereki kweanopfuura makore gumi kunyangwe zvidzidzo zvinopfuura gumi nembiri zvisingaratidzi kubatana pakati pezviviri izvi.

Mishonga yekudzivirira zvirwere ine njodzi, asi huropi hwedu hwakaoma kuisa njodzi mumaonero, anodaro Neal Halsey, MD, chiremba wevana uye director weInstitute for Vaccine Safety paJohn Hopkins University, muBaltimore. Vanhu vangatya kubhururuka kupfuura kutyaira nokuti kutyaira kwakajairika uye kunozivikanwa, asi kutyaira kune ngozi zvikuru. Kubaya vana kuvadzivirira kubva kuzvirwere zvinouraya kunogona kukonzera zvinyoro, zvenguva pfupi mhedzisiro, senge kutsvuka uye kuzvimba panzvimbo yejekiseni, fivhiri, uye mapundu. Asi njodzi dzakakomba zvakanyanya, senge dzakanyanya kugadzikana, dzakanyanya kushomeka kupfuura izvo majekiseni ekudzivirira zvirwere. Iwo Centers for Disease Kudzora nekudzivirira anofungidzira kuti njodzi yehutachiona hwehutachiona kubva kune chero mushonga ndeye one mu1 miriyoni doses.

Kunyangwe paine njodzi yekukanganisa, vamwe vabereki vanogona vachiri kunetseka, uye izvozvo zvine musoro. Hezvino izvo zvamusingawanzo kunzwa kubva kune nyanzvi dzekudzivirira: Kazhinji pane chinhu chechokwadi kune zvinonetsa vabereki, kunyangwe kana vasinganzwisise zvimwe zvacho, Dr. Halsey anodaro. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvinyanye kushungurudza kana chiremba wako akasiya kutya kwako kana kuomerera pakubaya pasina kupindura mibvunzo yako yese. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, maHTML ari kuramba kurapa vana vane vabereki vasingabaye nhomba, asi iyo American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) isingakurudzire izvozvo. Saka tiri kukupai yakaderera pane zvakajairika kutya.

1. Kunetsekana: "Mishonga yakawanda yekudzivirira zvirwere nekukurumidza ichakunda immune system yemwana wangu."

Chokwadi: Vabereki vakazvarwa muma1970 nema1980 vakabaiwa majekiseni ekudzivirira zvirwere zvisere. Mwana ane makore maviri akazadzwa nhasi, kune rumwe rutivi, anogona kurova zvakare zvirwere gumi nemana. Saka nepo vana vava kuwana pfuti-kunyanya sezvo jekiseni rega roga rinowanzoda akawanda madosi - ivo zvakare vanodzivirirwa kurwisa kwakapetwa kaviri sehosha zhinji.

Asi haisi iyo nhamba yepfuti inokosha; ndizvo zviri mavari. MaAntigens ndiwo mavhairasi kana mabhakitiriya emujekiseni anoita kuti immune system ivake masoja ekudzivirira chirwere uye kurwisa hutachiona hwemangwana. Maantigen anowanikwa nevana mujekiseni nhasi chidimbu cheizvo vana vaigamuchira, kunyangwe kusanganisira majekiseni ekudzivirira.

"Ini ndiri nyanzvi yezvirwere zvinotapukira, asi handisi kuona hutachiona muvana mushure mekunge vawana majekiseni ese emazuva ese ane 2, 4, uye 6 mwedzi yekuzvarwa, izvo zvaizoitika kana immune system yavo yakawandisa," akadaro. anodaro Mark H. Sawyer, MD, purofesa wezvipatara zvevana paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia San Diego Chikoro cheMishonga uye Rady Vana Chipatara.

2. Kunetsekana: "Chirwere chemuviri chemwana wangu hachina kukura, saka zviri nani kunonoka mamwe majekiseni kana kungowana akakosha."

Chokwadi: Uku ndiko kusanzwisisa kukuru pakati pevabereki nhasi, anodaro Dr. Halsey, uye zvinotungamira kunguva dzakareba dzekubatwa nezvirwere zvakaita segwirikwiti. Panyaya yeMMR, kunonoka jekiseni nemwedzi mitatu kunyangwe kunowedzera mukana wekubatwa febrile.

Hapana humbowo hwekuti kupatsanura majekiseni akachengeteka. Chinozivikanwa ndechekuti chirongwa chinorayirwa chekudzivirira chakagadzirirwa kupa dziviriro hurusa. Muchokwadi, akawanda ehutachiona-hutachiona nyanzvi uye epidemiologists kubva kuCDC, mayunivhesiti, uye zvipatara kuyambuka U.S. zvinonyatsoongorora makumi emakore ekutsvagurudza vasati vaita mazano avo.

3. The Concern: "Majekiseni ane chepfu, yakadai semercury, aluminium, formaldehyde, uye antifreeze."

Chokwadi: Mishonga yekudzivirira zvirwere inowanzova mvura ine maantigen, asi inoda zvimwe zvinongedzo kugadzikisa mhinduro kana kuwedzera kushanda kwejekiseni. Vabereki vanonetsekana nezve mercury nekuti mamwe majekiseni aishandiswa aine inochengetedza thimerosal, inoputsika kuita ethylmercury. Vatsvagiri vava kuziva kuti ethylmercury haiunganidze mumuviri-kusiyana ne methylmercury, iyo neurotoxin inowanikwa mune imwe hove. Asi thimerosal yakabviswa kubva mumishonga yose yevacheche kubva muna 2001 "senzira yekudzivirira," Dr. Halsey anodaro. (Multidose mafuru majekiseni achiri ane thimerosal yekushanda, asi imwe dosi isina thimerosal iripo.)

Mishonga yekudzivirira zvirwere ine munyu wealuminium; aya anoshandiswa kusimudzira mhinduro yemuviri, zvichikurudzira kugadzirwa kwakanyanya kwemasoja uye kuita kuti jekiseni rinyanye kushanda. Kunyangwe aruminiyamu inogona kukonzeresa kutsvuka kana kuzvimba panzvimbo yekubaiwa jekiseni, iro diki realuminium muzvirwere-zvisingasviki pane izvo vana vanowana kuburikidza nemukaka wemukaka, fomula, kana zvimwewo zviwanikwa - hazvina mhedzisiro kwenguva refu uye zvakashandiswa mune mamwe majekiseni kubvira kuma1930. "Iri muvhu medu, mumvura medu, mumhepo. Unofanira kusiya nyika kuti usatariswe," anodaro chiremba wevana uye Vabereki chipangamazano Ari Brown, MD, weAustin, Texas.

Tsvagiridza huwandu hwe formaldehyde, hunoshandiswa kumisa kusvibiswa hunogona kunge huri mune mamwe majekiseni, asi mazana enguva yakaderera pane huwandu hwevanhu ve formaldehyde vanowana kubva kune mamwe masosi, semichero uye zvekudzivirira. Mumuviri wedu kunyange unongozvarwa uchigadzira yakawanda formaldehyde kupfuura zviri mumajekiseni, Dr. Halsey anodaro.

Zvimwe zvinongedzo, zvisinei, zvinounza dzimwe njodzi. Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, yakadai seNeomycin, inoshandiswa kudzivirira kukura kwebhakitiriya mune mamwe majekiseni, uye gelatin, inowanzo shandiswa kudzivirira hutachiona kubva mukudzikisira nekufamba kwenguva, inogona kukonzeresa kushomeka kweanaphylactic reaction (ingangoita kamwe kana kaviri pamiriyoni imwe miriyoni). Mimwe majekiseni ekudzivirira hutachiona anogona kunge aine huwandu hweepuroteni rezai, asi ongororo dzichangobva kuitwa dzakaratidza kuti vana vane mahegi evhai vanogona vachiri kuitambira.

Kana iri antifreeze, haingori mumajekiseni. Vabereki vangave vachivhiringidza mazita emakemikari ayo-zvose ethylene glycol uye propylene glycol-nemishonga inoshandiswa mukugadzira-vaccine-manufacturing process (yakadai se polyethylene glycol tert-octylphenyl ether, iyo isingakuvadzi).

4. Kunetsekana: "Mishonga yekudzivirira zvirwere hainyatsoshanda zvakadaro-tarisai jekiseni rekudzivirira furu yegore rapfuura."

Chokwadi: Ruzhinji rwakawanda runoshanda 85 kusvika 95 muzana. Mushonga wekudzivirira furuu wakanyanya kunyengera, zvakadaro. Gore rega rega, nyanzvi dzezvirwere zvinotapukira kubva pasirese pasi rose dzinosangana kuti dzifembera kuti ndedzipi mhando dzinogona kutenderera mukati memwaka unotevera wefuruwenza. Kubudirira kwejekiseni kunoenderana nematambudziko avanotora-uye dzimwe nguva vanowana zvisiri izvo. Mushonga wekudzivirira wemwaka wapfuura wakangoshanda nezvikamu makumi maviri nezvitatu kubva muzana pakudzivirira furuu; tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti jekiseni rinokwanisa kudzikamisa njodzi neinosvika makumi mashanu kusvika makumi matanhatu muzana panosarudzwa dambudziko rakakodzera.

Saka, hongu-mushonga wekudzivirira furuu munguva yechando yapfuura waive wakasuwa, asi kunyangwe makumi maviri nezviviri muzana zviitiko zvinoreva kuti mazana ezviuru zvevanhu vakaponeswa. Chinokosha ndechekuti majekiseni akareva kufa kushoma, kuchipatara, uye kuremara kupfuura chero imwe nguva munhoroondo.

5. Kunetsekana: "Kwaisazove 'nematare edziviriro' kana majekiseni asina ngozi."

Chokwadi: Zvakachengeteka sezvakaita majekiseni, kazhinji kacho zvisingatarisirwi mhedzisiro inoitika, anodaro Dr. Halsey. "Uye vanhu havafanirwe kutakura mutoro wezvemari unobatana neizvozvo." Sangano reNational Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (NVICP) rinopa mari kuvabereki kuitira kuti vakwanise kubhadharira zvokurapa nezvimwe zvinodiwa zvine chekuita nekukuvara mumamiriro ezvinhu asingatarisirwi apo mwana wavo anowana mushonga wakakomba wekudzivirira. (Ivo vanobhadharawo vanhu vakuru vakakuvara nemajekiseni.)

Unogona kushamisika, wadii kungomhan'ara makambani emishonga? Izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvakaitika muma1980, apo makambani gumi nemaviri aigadzira majekiseni ekudzivirira akatarisana nematare. Mazhinji emakesi iwayo haana kubudirira, zvisinei; kuhwina kwaida vabereki kuratidza kuti jekiseni raikonzera dambudziko rehutano nekuti raive rakaremara. Asi majekiseni acho anga asina kuremara; vakangotakura ngozi inozivikanwa. Zvakadaro, mhosva dzakatora mutero. Makambani akati wandei akangomira kugadzira mishonga yekudzivirira, zvichikonzera kushomeka.

"Vana vanga vachisiiwa vasina mishonga yekudzivirira, saka Congress yakapinda," anodaro Dorit Reiss, purofesa anoona nezvegwara rekudzivirira zvirwere paUniversity of California Hastings College of Law. Chekutanga yakawedzera dziviriro kuvagadziri kuti vasamhan'arirwa kudare nekuda kwekukuvadzwa kwejekiseni kunze kwekunge mumhan'ari aenda neNVICP kutanga, izvo zvakavabvumira kuti vaenderere mberi nekugadzira mishonga yekudzivirira. Congress yakaitawo kuti zvive nyore kuti vabereki vagamuchire muripo.

Matare ekudzivirira anoshanda pane "isina-kukanganisa system." Vabereki havafanirwe kuratidza kukanganisa kudivi remugadziri uye havafanirwe kuratidza kunze kwekukahadzika kupi zvako kuti mushonga wekudzivirira wakakonzera dambudziko rehutano. Muchokwadi, mamwe mamiriro anobhadharwa kunyangwe sainzi isina kuratidza kuti majekiseni akaakonzera. Kubva 2006 kusvika 2014, 1,876 zvirevo zvakabhadharwa. Izvo zvinosvika kune mumwe munhu akabhadharwa pamiriyoni imwe chete yematani ekudzivirira akagoverwa, sekureva kweHIV Resources uye Services Administration.

6. Kunetsekana: "Mishonga yekudzivirira zvirwere inoita senzira yekuti makambani anogadzira mishonga navanachiremba vawane mari yakawanda."

Chokwadi: Makambani emishonga zvechokwadi anoona purofiti kubva kuzvirwere, asi iwo haatomboita blockbuster zvinodhaka. Zvakare zvine musoro kumakambani anogadzira mishonga kuti aite mari kubva kuzvigadzirwa zvavo, sevagadziri vezvigaro zvemotokari vanowana purofiti kubva kune yavo. Kusiyana nekutenda kwakakurumbira, makambani aya haawanzowana mari kubva kuhurumende yemubatanidzwa. Inenge mari yese yakatarwa yekutsvaga majekiseni neNational Institutes of Health inoenda kumayunivhesiti.

Vanachiremba vevana havasi kubatsira, chero. "Maitiro mazhinji haatomboiti mari kubva kumajekiseni uye anowanzorasikirwa kana kuapwanya," anodaro Nathan Boonstra, M.D., chiremba wevana paBlank Children's Hospital, muDes Moines. "Kutaura zvazviri, vamwe vanoona zvichidhura kutenga, kuchengeta, uye kupa vaccine, uye vanofanirwa kutumira" varwere kudhipatimendi rehutano reruwa.

7. Kunetsekana: "Iyo mhedzisiro yemamwe majekiseni inoita kunge yakaipa kupfuura chirwere chaicho."

Chokwadi: Zvinotora makore gumi kusvika gumi nemashanu uye ongororo dzakawanda dzejekiseni nyowani kuti dziite kuburikidza nezvikamu zvina zvekuchengetedza-uye-kugona kuyedza vasati vagamuchirwa. Mushonga wega wega mutsva unogadzirirwa vana unotanga kuongororwa muvanhu vakuru, wobva waitwa muvana, uye zvese zvitsva marongerwo uye mafomati anofanirwa kufamba nenzira imwecheteyo. Iyo FDA inozoongorora iyo data kuona kuti jekiseni rinoita izvo zvinogadzirwa nemugadziri-uye zvakachengeteka. Kubva ipapo, iyo CDC, AAP, uye American Academy yeVarapi veMhuri vanosarudza kuikurudzira. Hapana agency kana kambani ichaisa mari iyoyo mubhomba inokonzera matambudziko akanyanya ehutano kupfuura yaanodzivirira, anodaro Dr. Halsey: "Zvirwere izvi zvese zvine chekuita nematambudziko akakomba anogona kutungamira kuchipatara kana kutofa."

Kunyangwe pox, iyo vabereki vazhinji vaive nayo sevana, yakauraya vangangoita vana zana pagore mushonga wekurapa wevaricella usati waunzwa. Uye chaive chiri chikonzero chinotungamira cheiyo necrotizing fasciitis, kana nyama-inodya hutachiona hutachiona. Dr. Halsey vakanzwa vabereki vachiti kudya kwakanaka kunobatsira vana vavo kurwisa hutachiona uhu, asi kazhinji hazvisizvo. Vana vane hutano vari panjodzi yezvinetso zvakakomba uye kufa kubva kuzvirwere izvi. Semuenzaniso, makumi masere muzana ekufa kwehuku-pox kwakaitika mune vamwe vana vane hutano, akadaro.

Ichokwadi kuti zvinyoro uye zvine mwero mhedzisiro-senge febrile seizure uye kupisa kwakanyanya-hazvisati zvambonzwika, asi zvakakomba zvinokonzeresa hazviwanzo. Semuenzaniso, iyo yakakomba yakasimbiswa mhedzisiro yemushonga we rotavirus ndeyekufungidzira, ura hunovhiringidza hunogona kuvhiyiwa uye hunoitika kamwe chete pavacheche zviuru makumi maviri kusvika zviuru zana vakabayiwa majekiseni.

8. Zvinonetsa: "Kundimanikidza kubayisa nhomba kukanganisa kodzero dzangu."

Chokwadi: Yese nyika mitemo yekudzivirira yakasiana; zvinodikanwa zvekudzivirira zvinopinda mukati kana yave nguva yekuenda kunochengeta masikati, kuenda kukireshi, kana chikoro cheveruzhinji. Uye nekuda kwechikonzero chakanaka: Vanodzivirira vashoma muzana yevana vanogona kunge vaine hutachiona hwemuviri kana avo vaccine vangave vasingashande. Nyika yega yega inobvumira kusununguka kana vana vaine chikonzero chekurapa chekusabaya, senge kuve neleukemia kana isingawanzo immune immune disorder. Zvakare, nyika dzese dzinobvumira zvechitendero uye / kana zvemunhu-zvitendero kuregererwa, nezvakasiyana zvinodiwa, kunze kweCalifornia (kutanga muna Chikunguru 2016), Mississippi, uye West Virginia. Zvichakadaro, mitengo yekuregererwa-uye huwandu hwechirwere-yakakwira mumatunhu iwayo uko zviri nyore kuti vana vapihwe rusununguko.

"Nharaunda yega yega ine kodzero yekuchengetedza mwero wakakwirira wedziviriro kune avo vana vasingakwanisi kubayiwa," Dr. Halsey anodaro. Kukosha kwekuchengetedzwa kwenharaunda iyi, kunonziwo hutachiona hwemombe, kwakanyanya kujekesa panguva yekupararira kweDisneyland. Nekuda kwekuti gwirikwiti rinotapuriranwa, rinopararira nekukasika kuburikidza nenharaunda dzine nhomba shoma. Disneyland inogara mumoyo weSouthern California, iyo ine yakawanda yeakaderera majekiseni ekudzivirira mudunhu, uye mazhinji emakesi aive pakati pevaCalifornian munharaunda idzodzo.

“Mufananidzo unoshamisa,” anopfupikisa Dr. Halsey, “ndewokuti majekiseni anobatsira uye anoita kuti vana varambe vaine utano hwakanaka. Uye ndizvo chaizvo zvatinoda tose—vabereki, vatarisiri vezvoutano, uye vanhu vanogadzira majekiseni.”

Ongororo ye