Kanzera Ganda Matanho: Zvinorevei?

Zvemukati

• Chii chaunofanira kuziva nezve cancer cancer
• Basal uye squamous cell kenza yeganda matanho
• Kurapa nzira
• Matanho eMelanoma
• Kurapa kweMelanoma
• Chinokosha

Matanho eCancer anotsanangura kukura kwethumba rekutanga uye kuti gomarara rapararira zvakadii kubva kwarakatangira. Kune akasiyana mafambiro ekutaurisa emhando dzakasiyana dzekenza.

Kuburitsa kunopa muongororwo wezvaunotarisira. Chiremba wako anoshandisa ruzivo urwu kuti auye neakanakisa ekurapa chirongwa chako.

Muchikamu chino, isu ticha tarisa zvakadzama kutarisa kuti basal cell, squamous cell, uye melanoma ganda kanzira.

Chii chaunofanira kuziva nezve cancer cancer

Gomarara chirwere chinotanga munzvimbo diki diki yemuviri, seganda. Kana ikasarapwa kare, inogona kupararira ichienda kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.

Vanachiremba vanoshandisa ruzivo rwekuverenga kuti vanzwisise:

• kenza yakawanda sei mumuviri wemunhu
• uko gomarara iri
• kuti gomarara rapararira here kwarakatangira
• kurapa gomarara sei
• chii chinotaridzika kana kufungidzira

Kunyangwe gomarara richiwanzo kuve rakasiyana kune wese munhu, kanzura ine nhanho imwechete inowanzo kurapwa nenzira imwechete uye kazhinji ine maonero akafanana.

Vanachiremba vanoshandisa chishandiso chinozivikanwa seTNM classification system kuisa mhando dzakasiyana dzekenza. Iyi kenza yekuratidzira system inosanganisira matatu anotevera ruzivo.

• T:tumor size uye kudzika kwayakaita kusvika paganda
• N: lymph node kubatanidzwa
• M:metastasis kana kuti gomarara rapararira here

Gomarara reganda rakaiswa kubva pa0 kusvika pa4. Semitemo yakajairika, yakadzika nhamba yekuratidzira, kushoma kenza kwapararira.

Semuenzaniso, nhanho 0, kana carcinoma in situ, zvinoreva masero asina kujairika, ayo anogona kuve nekenza, aripo. Asi masero aya anoramba ari mumasero maakatanga kuumbwa. Ivo havana kukura kuita tishu riri pedyo kana kupararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo.

Stage 4, kune rumwe rutivi, ndiyo yakanyanya kumberi. Panguva ino, gomarara rapararira kune dzimwe nhengo kana nhengo dzemuviri.

Basal uye squamous cell kenza yeganda matanho

Staging kazhinji haina kudikanwa kune basal cell kenza yeganda. Imhaka yekuti aya kanzuru anowanzo kurapwa asati apararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo.

Squamous cell ganda kanzira dzine mukana wakakura wekupararira, kunyange hazvo njodzi ichiri yakaderera.

Nemhando idzi dzegomarara reganda, zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kuita kuti maseru ane gomarara anyanye kupararira kana kudzoka kana abviswa. Izvi zvine njodzi yakakura zvinosanganisira:

• carcinoma (cancer cancer maseru) akanyanya kupfuura 2 mm (millimeter)
• kupinda mukati memitsipa iri paganda
• kupinda munzvimbo dzakadzika dzeganda
• nzvimbo pamuromo kana nzeve

Squamous sero uye basal sero ganda rekenza inoratidzirwa seinotevera:

• Chikamu 0: Maseru ane gomarara anongowanikwa mune yepamusoro peganda (epidermis) uye haana kupararira zvakadzika mukati meganda.
• Chikamu 1: Bundu iri 2 cm (masendimita) kana pasi, harina kupararira kune ma lymph node ari padyo, uye ine imwechete kana mashoma mashoma ematambudziko.
• Chikamu chechipiri: Bundu iri 2 kusvika 4 cm, harina kupararira kune ma lymph node ari padyo, kana bundu iri chero saizi uye ine maviri kana anopfuura akanyanya njodzi maitiro.
• Chikamu chechitatu: Bundu iri rinopfuura masendimita mana, kana rakapararira kune chimwe cheanotevera:
  • subcutaneous tishu, inova iyo yakadzika, mukati-kati peganda rinosanganisira tsinga dzeropa, kupera kwetsinga, uye bvudzi follicles
  • bone, uko kwakonzera kukuvara kudiki
  • lymph node iri pedyo
• Chikamu 4: Bundu rinogona kuve chero saizi uye rakapararira ku:
  • imwe kana anopfuura makemikari mapfundo, ayo akakura kupfuura masendimita matatu
  • pfupa kana mwongo wemabhonzo
  • dzimwe nhengo mumuviri

Kurapa nzira

Kana squamous cell kana basal cell kenza yeganda ikabatwa nekukurumidza, inorapika zvikuru. Maitiro akasiyana ekuvhiya anowanzo shandiswa kubvisa maseru ane cancer.

Aya maitiro ekuvhiya anowanzoitwa muhofisi yechiremba kana kiriniki yekurapa pasi peanesthesia yemuno. Izvi zvinoreva kuti iwe unenge wakamuka, uye chete nzvimbo yakatenderedza gomarara reganda ndiyo ichave yakavezwa. Mhando yekuvhiya inoitwa inoenderana ne:

• mhando yegomarara reganda
• kukura kwegomarara
• uko gomarara iri

Kana kenza yapararira zvakadzika mukati meganda kana ine njodzi huru yekupararira, kumwe kurapwa kunogona kudikanwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa, senge radiation kana chemotherapy.

Dzimwe dzesarudzo dzinowanzozivikanwa dzekurapa bharamu remaseru kana squamous maseru egomarara eganda anosanganisira anotevera:

• Kunakidzwa: Nekunakidzwa, chiremba wako anoshandisa reza inopinza kana scalpel kuti abvise kenza yegomarara uye mamwe ehutano hwakanaka akaitenderedza. Nyama yakabviswa inozotumirwa kurabhoritari kunoongororwa.
• Electrosurgery: Iyo inozivikanwawo seyokurapa uye electrodeiccation, maitiro aya anokodzera gomarara reganda riri kumusoro kwepamusoro peganda. Chiremba wako anoshandisa chimbo chakakosha chinonzi curette kubvisa cancer. Ganda rinozopiswa ne electrode kuti iparadze chero gomarara rasara. Maitiro aya anowanzo dzokororwa kakati wandei panguva imwe chete yekushanyira hofisi kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti kenza yabviswa.
• Mohs kuvhiya: Nemaitiro aya, chiremba wako anoshandisa scalpel kunyatso bvisa ganda risina kujairika muzvikamu zvakatwasuka pamwe nezvimwe zvezvinyama zvakakomberedza. Ganda rinoongororwa pasi pe microscope nekukurumidza parinobviswa. Kana masero ekenza akawanikwa, imwe nhete yeganda inobviswa ipapo kudzamara pasisina masero ekenza anoonekwa.
• Kuchema: Necryosurgery, mvura senitrogen inoshandiswa kuita chando uye kuparadza kenza tishu. Mushonga uyu unodzokororwa kanoverengeka panguva imwe chete yekushanyira hofisi kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti tema yegomarara yaparara.

Matanho eMelanoma

Kunyangwe melanoma isingawanzo kuzivikanwa pane basal cell kana squamous cell ganda kenza, inowedzera hasha. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvinonyanya kupararira kumatishu ari padyo, lymph node, uye zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri, zvichienzaniswa nekenza yeganda isina nonmelanoma.

Melanoma yakarongedzwa seinotevera:

• Chikamu 0: Maseru ane cancer anowanikwa chete kune yekunze chikamu cheganda uye haana kupinda munyama dziri pedyo. Padanho risinganetsi, gomarara rinogona kubviswa nekuvhiyiwa chete.
• Chikamu 1A: Bundu harina kudarika 1 mm gobvu. Iyo inogona kana isingasvike ulcerated (zororo muganda iro rinotendera iwo munyama uri pazasi kuti uratidze kuburikidza).
• Chikamu 1B: Tumor ukobvu ndeye 1 kusvika 2 mm, uye hapana chironda.
• Chikamu 2A: Bundu iri 1 kusvika 2 mm gobvu uye rakaronda, kana riri 2 kusvika 4 mm uye hariratidzwe.
• Chikamu 2B: Bundu iri 2 kusvika 4 mm gobvu uye rakazvimba, kana riri rinopfuura 4 mm uye harina maronda.
• Chikamu 2C: Bundu rinopfuura 4 mm gobvu uye maronda.
• Chikamu 3A: Tumor ukobvu haupfuure 1 mm uye kune ulceration, kana iri 1 kusvika 2 mm uye isina maronda. Kenza inowanikwa mu1 kusvika ku3 sentinel lymph node.
• Chikamu 3B: Bundu iri rinosvika 2 mm gobvu ne ulceration, kana 2 kusvika 4mm isina ulceration, pamwe nekenza iripo mune imwe yeiyi:
  • imwe kana nhatu node node
  • mumapoka madiki emota maseru, anonzi microsatellite tumors, padyo padhuze nebundu rekutanga
  • mumapoka madiki emota maseru mukati memasendimita maviri ebundu rekutanga, anonzi satellite mamota
  • mumasero akapararira kumidziyo yepedyo yeLymph, inozivikanwa seye-transit metastases
• Chikamu 3C: Bundu iri rinosvika 4 mm gobvu ne ulceration, kana 4 mm kana hombe isina ulceration, pamwe nekenza iripo mune imwe yeiyi:
  • maviri kusvika matatu ma lymph node
  • imwe kana anopfuura mafundo, uyezve pane microsatellite tumarara, setiraiti mamota, kana mune-yekufambisa metastases
  • mana kana anopfuura mapfundo kana chero nhamba yenhamba dzakaomeswa
• Chikamu 3D: Tumor ukobvu inopfuura 4 mm uye ine ulcerated. Cancer masero anowanikwa mune imwe yenzvimbo idzi:
  • mana kana anopfuura maLymph node kana chero nhamba yenhamba dzakaomeswa
  • maviri kana anopfuura mafundo kana chero nhamba yemafosi akasanganiswa, uyezve kune microsatellite tumarara, setiraiti mamota, kana mune-yekufambisa metastases
• Chikamu 4: Gomarara rapararira kunzvimbo dziri kure dzomuviri. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira lymph node kana nhengo dzakadai sechiropa, mapapu, pfupa, huropi, kana kugaya nzira.

Kurapa kweMelanoma

Kune melanoma, kurapwa kunoenderana zvakanyanya padanho uye nzvimbo yechirwere chegomarara. Nekudaro, zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona zvakare kuona kuti ndeupi rudzi rwekurapa unoshandiswa.

• Chikamu 0 uye 1: Kana melanoma ikakurumidza kuwanikwa, kubvisa bundu uye zvinyama zvakakomberedza kazhinji ndizvo zvinodiwa. Kugara uchiongorora ganda kunokurudzirwa kuona kuti hapana gomarara idzva rinomuka.
• Chikamu chechipiri: Iyo melanoma uye dzakapoterera turu dzinozovhiyiwa kubviswa.Chiremba wako anogonawo kukurudzira sentinel lymph node biopsy kuti uone kuti kenza haina kupararira kune lymph nodes iri pedyo. Kana iyo lymph node biopsy ikaona cancer maseru, chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira kuvhiya kubviswa kwema lymph node munzvimbo iyoyo. Izvi zvinozivikanwa se lymph node dissection.
• Chikamu chechitatu: Iyo melanoma ichavhiyiwa ichibviswa pamwe chete nehukuru hwakawanda hwehuturu hwakakomberedza. Nekuti kenza yapararira kune iyo lymph node neiyi nhanho, kurapwa kuchasanganisira lymph node dissection. Mushure mekuvhiyiwa, kumwe kurapwa kuchakurudzirwa. Zvinogona kusanganisira:
  • immunotherapy madhiragi ayo anobatsira kusimudzira immune system yako kupindura gomarara
  • yakanangwa kurapwa mishonga inovhara mamwe mapuroteni, enzymes, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinobatsira gomarara kukura
  • radiation radiation iyo yakanangana nenzvimbo dzakabviswa ma lymph node
  • chemotherapy yakasarudzika, iyo inosanganisira kungoisa nzvimbo yaive nekenza chete
• Chikamu 4: Kuvhiya kubvisa bundu uye lymph node kunowanzo kurudzirwa. Nekuti kenza yapararira kunhengo dziri kure, kumwe kurapwa kungangosanganisira chimwe kana zvimwe zvinotevera:
  • immunotherapy mishonga inozivikanwa seyecheckpoint inhibitors
  • yakanangwa kurapwa mishonga
  • chemotherapy

Chinokosha

Matanho egomarara eganda anogona kukuudza zvakawanda nezvekuti chirwere ichi chave kure zvakadii. Chiremba wako anozotarisa yakatarwa mhando kenza yeganda uye nhanho yekuona kurapwa kwakakodzera kwako.

Kukurumidza kuona uye kurapwa zvinowanzo kupa maonero akanaka. Kana iwe uri panjodzi yakanyanya yegomarara reganda kana kuona chimwe chinhu chisina kujairika paganda rako, ronga kuongororwa kwegomarara reganda nekukurumidza sezvazvinogona.