Thalassemia: chii icho, zviratidzo uye sarudzo dzekurapa

Zvemukati

• Zviratidzo zvikuru
• Mhando dzeTalasalemia
• 1. Alpha Thalassemia
• 2. Thalassemia Beta
• Maitiro ekusimbisa kuongororwa
• Kurapwa kunoitwa sei
• 1. Thalassemia diki
• 2. Pakati pepakati thalassemia
• 3. Thalassemia huru
• Zvinogona kuitika

Thalassemia, inozivikanwawo seMediterranean anemia, chirwere chakagara nhaka chinoratidzirwa nehurema mukugadzirwa kwehemoglobin, iyo inonyanya kukonzera kutakura okisijeni kumatumbu.

Zviratidziro zvekiriniki zve thalassemia zvinoenderana necheni yecheni dzakakanganiswa muhemoglobin uye nemhando yekuchinja kwemajini kwakaitika, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kuneta, kuremara kwekukura, pallor uye splenomegaly, semuenzaniso.

Thalassemia chirwere uye hutachiona, husingatapurirane kana kukonzerwa nekushomeka kwehutano, zvisinei, mune mamwe marudzi e thalassemia, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira chikafu chakakodzera. Ona kuti kudya kwetalasalemia kunoitwa sei.

Zviratidzo zvikuru

Muzhinji, iyo diki fomu ye thalassemia, inova ndiyo yakapfava fomu yechirwere, inongokonzeresa kuperevedza kweanemia uye pallor, izvo zvisingawanzo kucherechedzwa nemurwere. Nekudaro, fomu hombe, inova ndiyo mhando yakasimba yechirwere ichi, inogona kukonzera:

• Kuneta;
• Kutsamwa;
• Simba risina kusimba uye kutapukirwa nezvirwere;
• Kukura kunonoka;
• Kupfupika kana kushoma kufema nekureruka;
• Pallor;
• Kusava nechido.

Pamusoro pezvo, nekufamba kwenguva chirwere ichi chinogona kukonzeresa matambudziko mu spleen, chiropa, moyo nemapfupa, kuwedzera kune jaundice, inova yero yeruvara rweganda nemeso.

Mhando dzeTalasalemia

Thalassemia yakakamurwa kuva alpha uye beta zvinoenderana nekwakakanganiswa globin cheni. Panyaya yealpha thalassemia, pane kuderera kana kusavapo kwekugadzirwa kwealpha hemoglobin cheni, nepo mu beta thalassemia pane kuderera kana kusavapo kwekugadzirwa kwemaketani eBeta.

1. Alpha Thalassemia

Iyo inokonzerwa neshanduko mune alpha-globin molecule reropa hemoglobins, uye inogona kukamurwa kuita:

• Alpha thalassemia maitiro: inoratidzirwa nehuremu hwekupererwa neropa nekuda kwekuderera kweimwe chete alpha-globin cheni;
• Hemoglobin H chirwere: iyo inoratidzirwa nekushaikwa kwekugadzirwa kwe3 ye4 alpha majini ane hukama neketani yealpha globin, ichionekwa seimwe yemhando dzakakomba dzechirwere;
• Bart's hemoglobin hydrops fetal syndrome: ndiyo yakanyanya mhando ye thalassemia, nekuti inozivikanwa nekusavapo kwemaalpha genes, zvichikonzera kufa kwe "fetus" kunyange panguva yepamuviri;

2. Thalassemia Beta

Iyo inokonzerwa neshanduko mu beta-globin molecule reropa hemoglobins, uye inogona kukamurwa kuita:

• Thalassemia diki (diki) kana Beta-thalassemia maitiro: inova imwe yemhando dzakapfava dzechirwere, umo munhu wacho asinganzwe zviratidzo, achingoonekwa mushure mekuongororwa kwehematological. Muchiitiko ichi, hazvikurudzirwe kuita yakatarwa kurapwa muhupenyu hwese, asi chiremba anogona kukurudzira kushandiswa kwe folic acid yekuwedzera kuitira kudzivirira zvinyoro anemias;
• Beta-Thalassemia Pakati: inokonzera kushomeka kusvika kwakakomba kushomeka, uye zvingave zvakafanira kuti murwere agamuchire kuwedzerwa ropa zvishoma nezvishoma;
• Beta thalassemia yakakura kana mikuru: ndiwo mucherechedzo wechipatara wakakomba zvikuru we betas thalassemia, sezvo pasina kugadzirwa kwe beta globin cheni, inoda kuti murwere agamuchire kuwedzerwa ropa nguva dzose kudzikisa degree reanemia. Zviratidzo zvinotanga kuoneka mugore rekutanga rehupenyu, zvichizivikanwa nepallor, kuneta kwakanyanya, kukotsira, kusagadzikana, mukurumbira mafupa emeso, mazino asina kuenderana zvakanaka uye dumbu rakazvimba nekuda kwenhengo dzakawedzeredzwa.

Mune zviitiko zvehukuru thalassemia, iwe unogona kuona zvishoma nezvishoma kupfuura zvakajairwa kukura, zvichiita kuti mwana ave mupfupi uye mutete kupfuura zvaitarisirwa zvezera ravo. Mukuwedzera, kune varwere vanogamuchira kuwedzerwa ropa nguva dzose, kushandiswa kwemishonga inodzivirira yakawandisa iron mumuviri inowanzo kuratidzwa.

Maitiro ekusimbisa kuongororwa

Iyo thalassemia kuongororwa kunoitwa kuburikidza nekuongororwa kweropa, senge kuwanda kweropa, kuwedzera kune hemoglobin electrophoresis, iyo inotarisira kuongorora mhando yehemoglobin inotenderera muropa. Ona nzira yekududzira hemoglobin electrophoresis.

Genetic bvunzo dzinogona zvakare kuitwa kuti uongorore magene anokonzeresa chirwere uye kusiyanisa mhando dze thalassemia.

Chiyero chechitsitsinho hachifanirwe kuitwa kuti chiongorore thalassemia, nekuti pakuzvarwa hemoglobin inotenderera yakasiyana uye haina shanduko, zvichikwanisika kuongorora thalassemia mushure memwedzi mitanhatu yehupenyu.

Kurapwa kunoitwa sei

Kurapa kwe thalassemia kunofanirwa kutungamirirwa nachiremba uye kazhinji kunosiyana zvichienderana nekukura kwechirwere.

1. Thalassemia diki

Iyi ndiyo mhando yakapfava yechirwere uye haidi kurapwa chaiko. Kazhinji, munhu wacho haaone zviratidzo, asi anofanira kuziva nezvekuwedzera kweanemia mune zviitiko zvakadai sekuvhiyiwa, zvirwere zvakakomba, mamiriro ekushushikana zvakanyanya kana panguva yekuzvitakura.

Muzhinji, chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira kushandiswa kwe folic acid zvinowedzera, vhitamini inomutsa kugadzirwa kwemasero eropa uye inobatsira kubvisa kupererwa neropa. Ona chikafu chine folic acid uye chikafu chingabatsira sei kurapa thalassemia.

2. Pakati pepakati thalassemia

Kazhinji, kurapwa kwechimiro ichi che thalassemia kunoitwa nekuwedzerwa ropa panguva yehucheche, kuitira kuti mwana ave nekudzikira kwekukura, kana mumamiriro ezvinhu mune iyo yakawedzera spleen nechiropa.

3. Thalassemia huru

Ndicho chimiro chakakomba kwazvo chechirwere, umo munhu wacho anoda kuwedzerwa ropa kweupenyu hwese, yega yega mavhiki maviri kusvika mana, zvinoenderana nedanho rekushaya ropa. Iyo inokurumidza kurapwa kwatanga, mashoma kushomeka kwechirwere chemberi.

Vanhu vane thalassemia mikuru vanogona kupedzisira vaine iron yakawandisa mumuviri nekuda kwekuwedzerwa ropa, saka chiremba anogona zvakare kunyorera mishonga yekucheka-simbi, inosunga simbi mumuviri uye kudzivirira kuwedzera kwayo. Iyi mishonga inogona kupihwa yakananga mutsinga kanomwe kusvika kanomwe pasvondo kana kuburikidza nemapiritsi.

Zvinogona kuitika

Thalassemia matambudziko anomuka chete mune yepakati uye akaomarara mafomu echirwere, kunyanya kana chisina kurapwa nemazvo.

Mune fomu yepakati yechirwere, matambudziko anogona kunge ari:

• Kuremara mumapfupa nemeno;
• Osteoporosis;
• Dombo rematombo;
• Maronda emakumbo, nekuda kwekushayikwa kweokisijeni kumagumo emuviri;
• Zvinetso zveitsvo;
• Njodzi yepamusoro yetrombosis;
• Zvinetso zvemwoyo.

Muzviitiko zvakakomba, kunetsekana kwakadai sekuremara kwemapfupa uye mazino, kuwedzera kwechiropa uye spleen uye kukundikana kwemoyo zvinogona kuitika.