Kushandisa zvinodhaka rubatsiro rwekutanga

Kushandisa zvinodhaka kushandisa zvisina kufanira kana kushandisa zvakawandisa chero mushonga kana mushonga, kusanganisira doro. Chinyorwa ichi chinotaura nezvekutanga rubatsiro rwekuwedzera zvinodhaka uye kubvisa.

Mishonga yakawanda yemumugwagwa haina mabhenefiti ekurapa. Chero kushandiswa kwemishonga iyi inzira yekushandisa zvinodhaka.

Mishonga inoshandiswa kurapa dambudziko rehutano inogona kushungurudzwa, kungave netsaona kana nemaune. Izvi zvinoitika kana vanhu vatora zvinopfuura zvakajairwa muyero.Kushungurudzwa kunogona zvakare kuitika kana mushonga ukatorwa nechinangwa nedoro kana zvimwe zvinodhaka.

Kubatana kwezvinodhaka kunogona zvakare kutungamira kumhedzisiro. Saka, zvakakosha kuti mutarisiri wako wezvehutano azive nezve zvese zvinodhaka zvauri kutora. Izvi zvinosanganisira mavitamini uye mimwe mishonga yawakatenga usina kunyorerwa.

Mishonga yakawanda inopinda muropa. Dzimwe nguva, kupindwa muropa kwacho kunoitika zvishoma nezvishoma. Uye mimwe mishonga (yakadai secocaine) inogona kukonzera kupindwa muropa mushure meyero mishoma. Kupindwa muropa kunoreva kuti munhu ane chishuwo chakasimba chekushandisa chinhu uye haagone kumira, kunyangwe kana vachida.

Mumwe munhu akapindwa muropa nemushonga kazhinji anozove nezviratidzo zvekuregera kana mushonga wacho ukangoerekana wamiswa. Kurapa kunogona kubatsira kudzivirira kana kudzikisira kubvisa zviratidzo.

Chirwere chemushonga chakakura zvakakwana kuti chikonzere kukuvadza muviri (chepfu) chinonzi kudarika. Izvi zvinogona kuitika kamwe kamwe, kana huwandu hwakawanda hwechinwiwa hwatorwa panguva imwe chete. Izvo zvinogona zvakare kuitika zvishoma nezvishoma semushonga unovaka mumuviri kwenguva yakareba. Kukurumidza kurapwa kunogona kuponesa hupenyu hwemumwe munhu akawandisa.

Kuwedzeredza kwezvinodhaka kunogona kukonzera kurara, kunonoka kufema, uye kunyangwe kusaziva.

Upper (zvinokurudzira) zvinounza mufaro, kuwedzera kwemoyo, uye nekukurumidza kufema. Downers (depressants) vanoita zvakapesana.

Pfungwa dzinoshandura zvinodhaka zvinonzi hallucinogens. Zvinosanganisira LSD, PCP (ngirozi huruva), uye zvimwe zvinodhaka zvemumugwagwa. Kushandisa madhiragi akadaro kunogona kukonzera paranoia, kuona zvisipo, kuita zvechisimba, kana kuregera zvakanyanya munharaunda.

Zvinodhaka zveCannabis senge mbanje zvinogona kukonzera kutandara, hushoma hunyanzvi hwemotokari, uye kuwedzera kudya.

Kana mishonga yemishonga ikatorwa yakakwira kupfuura yakajairwa mari, zvakakomba mhedzisiro inogona kuitika.

Zviratidzo zvekuwedzeredza zvinodhaka zvinosiyana zvakanyanya, zvichienderana nemushonga wakashandiswa, asi unogona kusanganisira:

• Saizi isina kujairika yemudzidzi kana vadzidzi vasingachinje saizi kana mwenje wavhenekerwa mavari
• Kusagadzikana
• Kufenda, kudedera
• Kuita kwakasarudzika kana kuita paranoid, kufungidzira
• Kunetseka kufema
• Kukotsira, koma
• Kusvotwa uye kurutsa
• Inodzedzereka kana isina kugadzikana gait (ataxia)
• Kudikitira kana kuoma zvakanyanya, ganda rinopisa, blisters, mapundu
• Kuita zvechisimba kana zvehasha
• Rufu

Zviratidzo zvekubvisa zvinodhaka zvinosiyanawo zvakanyanya, zvinoenderana nemushonga wakashandiswa, asi unogona kusanganisira:

• Kubata mudumbu
• Kusagadzikana, kusagadzikana
• Chando ziya
• Kunyengera, kufungidzira
• Kushungurudzika
• Kusvotwa, kurutsa, manyoka
• Kufenda
• Rufu

1. Tarisa nzira yemunhu yekufema, kufema, uye kupomba. Kana zvichidikanwa, tanga CPR. Kana usina chaunoziva asi uchifema, nyatsoisa munhu iye munzvimbo yekunaya nekuisa roll munhu wacho kwauri kuruboshwe. Bhendesa gumbo repamusoro saka zvese hudyu nemabvi zviri pamakona akakodzera. Zvinyoro nyorovera musoro wavo kumashure kuti vachengetedze iyo nzira yakavhurika. Kana munhu wacho achiziva, sunungura hembe uye chengetedza munhu wacho achidziya, uye mupe shungu. Edza kuita kuti munhu wacho adzikame. Kana iwe uchifungidzira kuwandisa, edza kudzivirira munhu kubva kunotora mamwe madhiragi. Fonera rubatsiro rwechiremba ipapo ipapo.

2. Bata munhu wacho nezviratidzo zvekuvhunduka. Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kushaya simba, miromo yebhuruu nezvigunwe, ganda rinobanda, kuchena uye kudzikira kwekusvinura.

3. Kana munhu achinge akabatwa, batsira rubatsiro rwekutanga rwekubatwa.

4. Ramba uchitarisa zviratidzo zvakakosha zvemunhu (kupomba, mwero wekufema, BP, kana zvichikwanisika) kudzamara rubatsiro rwekurapwa rwechimbichimbi rwasvika.

5. Kana zvichibvira, edza kuona kuti ndeupi mushonga (s) wakatorwa, yakawanda sei uye riinhi. Sevha chero mabhodhoro emapiritsi kana zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemishonga. Ipa iyi ruzivo kune ve emergency.

Zvinhu iwe zvausingafanire kuita kana uchifunga kune mumwe munhu akawedzeredza:

• Usaise chengetedzo yako panjodzi. Mimwe mishonga inogona kukonzera chisimba uye kusatarisika maitiro. Fonera rubatsiro rwechiremba.
• Usaedze kukurukura nemunhu ari pamushonga. Usatarisira kuti vazvibate zvine musoro.
• Usape maonero ako kana uchipa rubatsiro. Iwe haufanire kuziva kuti nei mishonga yakatorwa kuitira kuti upe rubatsiro rwekutanga runoshanda.

Zvinodhaka zvinodhaka hazvisi nyore nguva dzose kuziva. Kana iwe uchifunga kuti mumwe munhu anyanyisa, kana iwe uchifunga kuti mumwe munhu ari kubvisa, tanga wabatsira uye tsvaga rubatsiro rwekurapa.

Edza kutsvaga kuti munhu akanwa mushonga wei. Kana zvichibvira, unganidza midziyo yose yemishonga uye mimwe mimwe mishonga yasara kana marutsi emunhu ugoenda navo kuchipatara.

Kana iwe kana mumwe munhu wauinaye wapfuura kuwanda, fonera iyo yemuno emergency emergency (yakadai se911), kana nzvimbo yekudzivirira huturu, iyo inogona kusvikwa yakananga nekufonera iyo yenyika yemahara Yemahara Inotya Inobatsira hotline (1-800-222-1222 ) kubva chero kupi muUnited States.

Iri ibasa remahara uye rakavanzika. Nzvimbo dzese dzemunharaunda dzekudzora chepfu muUnited States dzinoshandisa iyi nhamba yenyika. Iwe unofanirwa kufona kana iwe uine chero mibvunzo nezve chepfu kana kudzivirira chepfu. Hazvidi kuti ive emergency. Iwe unogona kufona chero chikonzero, maawa makumi maviri nemana pazuva, mazuva manomwe pavhiki.

Kuchipatara, mupi achaita nhoroondo uye kuongorora kwemuviri. Miedzo nemaitiro zvichaitwa pazvinenge zvichidikanwa.

Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Yakagadziriswa marasha uye laxatives kubatsira kubvisa akamedza zvinodhaka kubva mumuviri (dzimwe nguva zvinopihwa kuburikidza nechubhu inoiswa kuburikidza nemuromo kupinda mudumbu)
• Mhepo uye yekufema rutsigiro, kusanganisira oxygen, kumeso kumeso, chubhu kuburikidza nemuromo kupinda trachea, uye mweya wekufema (ventilator)
• Ropa uye weti kuongororwa
• CT scan yemusoro, mutsipa, uye dzimwe nzvimbo
• Chest x-ray
• ECG (electrocardiogram, kana moyo wekutsvagisa)
• Intravenous fluids (zvinwiwa kuburikidza ne vein)
• Mishonga yekudzosera zvinoitika zvemishonga
• Hutano hwepfungwa uye basa rezvemagariro kuongorora uye rubatsiro

Mune zviitiko zvakakomba, munhu wacho anogona kuda kuiswa muchipatara kuti awedzere kurapwa.

Mhedzisiro inoenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda, zvinosanganisira:

• Mhando uye huwandu hwemishonga
• Iko kunopinda mishonga mumuviri, senge kuburikidza nemumuromo, mhino, kana jekiseni (kupinza kana kuputika kweganda)
• Kunyangwe munhu wacho aine mamwe matambudziko ehutano

Zvakawanda zviwanikwa zviripo pakurapa kushandiswa kwemishonga. Kumbira mupiki nezve zviwanikwa zvemuno.

Ovhadhozi kubva kumishonga; Kushandisa zvinodhaka rubatsiro rwekutanga

Bernard SA, Jennings PA. Pre-chipatara mushonga wechimbichimbi. Muna: Cameron P, Little M, Mitra B, Deasy C, eds. Chinyorwa cheVakuru Emergency Medicine. 5 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsiko 29.1.

Iwanicki JL. Hallucinogens. Mune: Masvingo RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts uye Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chitsuwa 150.

Minns AB, Clark RF. Kushandisa zvinodhaka. Mune: Masvingo RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts uye Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chitsuwa 140.

Weiss RD. Zvinodhaka zvekushungurudzwa. Mune: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Mushonga. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chits. 31.