Kurwara kwemwaranzi

Radiation chirwere chirwere uye zviratidzo zvinokonzerwa nekunyanyisa kuratidzwa kune ionizing radiation.

Kune maviri akakosha marudzi eradiation: nonionizing uye ionizing.

• Nonionizing radiation inouya iri sechiedza, masaisai eredhiyo, microwaves uye radar. Aya mafomu kazhinji haakonzere kukuvara kwenyama.
• Ionizing radiation inokonzeresa mhedzisiro pane nyama dzevanhu. X-rays, gamma rays, uye particle bombardment (neutron beam, electron beam, proton, mesons, nevamwe) zvinopa ionizing radiation. Rudzi urwu rwemwaranzi runoshandiswa pakuedza kurapwa uye kurapwa. Iyo zvakare inoshandiswa mumaindasitiri uye ekugadzira zvinangwa, zvombo uye kugadzira zvombo, nezvimwe.

Kurwara kwemwaranzi kunoguma kana vanhu (kana dzimwe mhuka) vaoneswa madosi makuru eionion radiation.

Kuratidzika kwemwaranzi kunogona kuitika sekuratidzwa kumwe chete kukuru (kwakanyanya). Kana zvinogona kuitika senge dzakateedzana diki kufumurwa dzakapararira nekufamba kwenguva (chisingaperi). Kuratidzira kunogona kuve netsaona kana nemaune (senge mune radiation radiation yekurapa chirwere).

Kurwara nemwaranzi kunowanzo sangana nekuratidzwa kwakanyanya uye ine seti yezviratidzo zvinoonekwa zvine mutsindo. Kuratidzira kusingaperi kunowanzo kuve kunonoka nezvinetso zvekurapa zvakaita segomarara uye kukwegura nguva isati yakwana, izvo zvinogona kuitika kwenguva yakareba.

Ngozi yekenza inoenderana nedosi uye inotanga kuvaka, kunyangwe iine mashoma kwazvo madosi. Iko hakuna "kuderera kwechikumbaridzo."

Kujekesa kubva kuma x-ray kana gamma rays kuyerwa muzvikamu zve roentgens. Semuyenzaniso:

• Kuonekwa kwese kwemuviri we100 roentgens / rad kana 1 Grey unit (Gy) inokonzera chirwere che radiation.
• Kuonekwa kwese kwemuviri we400 roentgens / rad (kana 4 Gy) kunokonzeresa kurwara nemwaranzi uye kufa muhafu yevanhu vanoburitswa pachena. Pasina kurapwa, anenge munhu wese anogamuchira inopfuura iyi huwandu hwemwaranzi anofa mukati memazuva makumi matatu.
• 100,000 roentgens / rad (1 000 Gy) inokonzeresa kufenda nekukurumidza mukati meawa.

Kuomarara kwezviratidzo uye kurwara (acute radiation chirwere) zvinoenderana nerudzi uye huwandu hwemwaranzi, kuti wakaratidzwa kwenguva yakareba sei, uye chikamu chipi chemuviri chakafumurwa. Zviratidzo zve radiation radiation zvinogona kuitika mushure mekuratidzwa, kana pamusoro pemazuva mashoma anotevera, vhiki, kana mwedzi. Mongo wemapfupa uye dumbu remudumbu zvinonyanya kukuvara kukuvadzwa nemwaranzi. Vana nevacheche vachiri mudumbu vane mukana wekukuvara zvakanyanya nemwaranzi.

Nekuti zvinonetsa kuona huwandu hwekuburitswa nemwaranzi kubva mutsaona dzenyukireya, zviratidzo zvakanakisa zvekushushikana kwekuratidzira ndeiyi: kureba kwenguva pakati pekuratidzira uye kutanga kwezviratidzo, kuomarara kwezviratidzo, uye kuomarara kweshanduko chena masero eropa. Kana munhu akarutsa isingasviki awa mushure mekufumurwa, izvo zvinowanzoreva kuti mwero wemwaranzi wakagashirwa wakanyanya uye kufa kunogona kutarisirwa.

Vana vanogamuchira kurapwa nemwaranzi kana avo netsaona vakasangana nemwaranzi vacharapwa zvinoenderana nezviratidzo zvavo uye yavo masero eropa kuverenga. Kudzokororwa kweropa kwakakosha uye kunoda kubaya kudiki kuburikidza neganda kupinda mutsinga kuti uwane masampula eropa.

Zvinokonzera zvinosanganisira:

• Kungoerekana kwave nekuratidzwa kwakanyanya kwema radiation, senge radiation kubva kune tsaona yenyukireya tsaona.
• Kujekesa kune yakanyanya mwaranzi yekurapa kurapwa.

Zviratidzo zve radiation radiation zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Kushaya simba, kuneta, kupera simba, kuvhiringidzika
  
• Kubuda ropa kubva mumhino, muromo, matadza, uye rectum
• Kupwanya, ganda rinotsva, maronda akazaruka paganda, kutsvedza kweganda
• Kupera mvura mumuviri
• Dhairrhea, chigaro chine ropa
• Kupindwa nechando
• Bvudzi kurasikirwa
• Kuzvimba kwenzvimbo dzakafumuka (kutsvuka, unyoro, kuzvimba, kubuda ropa)
• Kushungurudza uye kurutsa, kusanganisira kurutsa kweropa
• Maronda (maronda) mumuromo, esophagus (chikafu chepombi), mudumbu kana ura

Anopa hutano hwako anokuraira kuti ungarape sei zviratidzo izvi. Mishonga inogona kupihwa kubatsira kubatsira kudzikisira, kurutsa, uye kurwadziwa. Kuwedzerwa ropa kunogona kupihwa kushomeka (kuwanda kushoma kwemasero matsvuku eropa). Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inoshandiswa kudzivirira kana kurwisa hutachiona.

Kupa rubatsiro rwekutanga kune vanobatwa nemwaranzi kunogona kuisa vashandi vekununura kumwaranzi kunze kwekunge vadzivirirwa zvakanaka. Vakatambudzwa vanofanirwa kusvibiswa kuitira kuti vasakonzere kukuvadzwa nemwaranzi kune vamwe.

• Tarisa kufema kwemunhu uye kupomba.
• Kutanga CPR, kana zvichidikanwa.
• Bvisa hembe dzemunhu uye woisa zvinhu mumudziyo wakavharwa. Izvi zvinomisa kusvibiswa kuri kuenderera.
• Shamba zvine simba nesipo nemvura.
• Omesa munhu akuvara uye putira negumbeze rakapfava, rakachena.
• Shevedza rubatsiro rwechimbi-chimbi kana tora munhu wacho kuenda kuchipatara chiri pedyo nekukasira kana uchikwanisa kuzviita zvakachengeteka.
• Rondedzera kuburitswa kwevakuru ve emergency.

Kana zviratidzo zvikaitika panguva kana mushure mekurapwa kwema radiation radiation:

• Udza mupi kana tsvaga kurapwa ipapo ipapo.
• Bata nzvimbo dzakakanganiswa zvinyoro nyoro.
• Bata zviratidzo kana zvirwere sezvakakurudzirwa nemupi.

• Usaramba uri munzvimbo pakasangana kuitika.
• Usashandise mafuta ekuzodza munzvimbo dzakatsva.
• USAGARA wakapfeka zvine hutachiona.
• Usazeze kutsvaga kurapwa kwekukurumidzira.

Matanho ekudzivirira anosanganisira:

• Dzivisa kuratidzwa kusiri madikanwa kune radiation, kusanganisira zvisina basa CT scan uye x-ray.
• Vanhu vanoshanda munzvimbo dzine njodzi nemwaranzi vanofanirwa kupfeka mabheji kuyera huwandu hwavo hwekuratidzira.
• Dziviriro inodzivirira inofanirwa kugara ichiiswa pamusoro pezvikamu zvemuviri usiri kurapwa kana kudzidza panguva ye-x-ray imaging bvunzo kana radiation radiation.

Radiation chepfu; Kukuvara kwemwaranzi; Rad chepfu

• Radiation kurapa

Hryhorczuk D, Theobald JL. Kukuvara kwemwaranzi. Mune: Masvingo RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts uye Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chitsiko 138.

Sundaram T. Radiation dhizaini uye kuchengetedzeka kufunga mune yekufungidzira. Mune: Torigian DA, Ramchandani P, eds. Radiology Zvakavanzika Uyezve. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: chits. 7.