Hypercalcemia

Hypercalcemia zvinoreva kuti une calcium yakawandisa muropa rako.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) uye Vitamin D inobatsira kugadzirisa calcium mwero mumuviri.

• PTH inogadzirwa nezvipenga zveparathyroid. Aya madiki madiki madiki ari mumutsipa kuseri kwetachiona.
• Vitamini D inowanikwa apo ganda rinoburitswa muchiedza chezuva, uye kubva kune zvekudya kana zvekuwedzera.

Chikonzero chakajairika cheakakwira calcium mwero weropa yakawandisa PTH yakaburitswa nezvirwere zveparathyroid. Uku kuwandisa kunoitika nekuda kwe:

• Kuwedzeredzwa kweimwe kana kupfuura ezvigunwe zveparathyroid.
• Kukura pane rimwe remaronda. Kazhinji yenguva, uku kukura kuri benign (kwete kenza).

Calcium ropa mwero inogona zvakare kuve yakakwira kana muviri wako wakaderera pane zvinwiwa kana mvura.

Mimwe mamiriro ezvinhu anogona zvakare kukonzera hypercalcemia:

• Dzimwe mhando dzekenza, senge lung yemapapu neyezamu kenza, kana gomarara rakapararira kunhengo dzako.
• Zvakawandisa vhitamini D muropa rako (hypervitaminosis D).
• Kuva asingafambi pamubhedha kwemazuva mazhinji kana vhiki (kunyanya muvana).
• Yakawandisa calcium mukudya kwako. Izvi zvinonzi mukaka-alkali syndrome. Inowanzoitika kana munhu achitora anopfuura mamirigiramu 2000 ecalcium bicarbonate zvinowedzera pazuva pamwe nemadosi epamusoro eVitamin D.
• Yakawandisa thyroid gland.
• Chirwere chetsvo chisingaperi kana itsvo kutadza.
• Mishonga yakadai se lithiamu uye thiazide diuretics (mapiritsi emvura).
• Zvimwe hutachiona kana matambudziko ehutano se, Paget chirwere, tibhii uye sarcoidosis.
• Mamiriro ekugara nhaka anokanganisa kugona kwemuviri kubata calcium.

Varume nevakadzi veese mazera vanogona kuve neropa rakakwira calcium level. Zvisinei, zvinowanzoitika kune vakadzi vanopfuura makore makumi mashanu (mushure mekuguma kuenda kumwedzi). Muzviitiko zvakawanda, izvi zvinokonzerwa neyakawandisa parathyroid gland.

Mamiriro acho anowanzo kuongororwa padanho rekutanga uchishandisa maitiro eropa kuongororwa. Vanhu vazhinji havana zviratidzo.

Zviratidzo nekuda kweiyo yakakwira calcium level inogona kusiyana, zvinoenderana nechakakonzera uye kuti dambudziko ravepo kwenguva yakareba sei. Zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Zviratidzo zvekugaya, senge kusvotwa kana kurutsa, kushaya chikafu, kana kupatira
• Kuwedzera nyota kana kuwedzeredza weti, nekuda kwekuchinja muitsvo
• Tsvina kushaya simba kana kuunyana
• Shanduko mumaitiro ehuropi hwako, sekunzwa kuneta kana kuneta kana kuvhiringidzika
• Kurwadziwa kwepfupa uye mapfupa asina kusimba anotyoka zviri nyore

Kuongororwa chaiko kunodiwa mu hypercalcemia. Vanhu vane itsvo matombo vanofanirwa kunge vaine bvunzo kuti vaongorore hypercalcemia.

• Serum calcium
• Serum PTH
• Serum PTHrP (protein yakabatana nePTH)
• Serum vhitamini D mwero
• Weti calcium

Kurapa kunoitirwa chikonzero chehypercalcemia pese pazvinogoneka. Vanhu vane primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) vangangoda kuvhiyiwa kuti vabvise gland risina kujairika. Izvi zvinorapa iyo hypercalcemia.

Vanhu vane hunyoro hypercalcemia vanogona kukwanisa kuongorora mamiriro acho padhuze nekufamba kwenguva vasina kurapwa.

Mune vakadzi vari mukuguma kuenda kumwedzi, kurapwa neestrogen kunogona dzimwe nguva kudzosera hunyoro hypercalcemia.

Yakanyanya hypercalcemia inokonzeresa zviratidzo uye inoda kugara muchipatara inogona kurapwa neinotevera:

• Fluid kuburikidza nemutsinga - Iyi ndiyo yekurapa yakakosha.
• Calcitonin.
• Dialysis, kana kukuvara kwetsvo kuchibatanidzwa.
• Dhiureti mushonga, akadai furosemide.
• Zvinodhaka zvinomisa kuputsika kwemapfupa uye kunwiswa nemuviri (bisphosphonates).
• Glucocorticoids (steroid).

Iwe kunyatsoita kwaunoita kunoenderana nechikonzero cheyako yepamusoro calcium calcium. Maonero akanaka kune vanhu vane hunyoro hyperparathyroidism kana hypercalcemia vane chikonzero chinorapika. Kazhinji yenguva, hapana matambudziko.

Vanhu vane hypercalcemia nekuda kwemamiriro akadai sekenza kana sarcoidosis vangasaita zvakanaka. Izvi zvinowanzoitika nekuda kwechirwere chaicho, pane kukwirira kwecalcium level.

GASTROINTESTINAL

• Pancreatitis
• Peptic ulcer chirwere

KIDHIYA

• Calcium inoisa muitsvo (nephrocalcinosis) iyo inokonzeresa kushanda kwetsvo
• Kupera mvura mumuviri
• Kuwedzera kweropa
• Itsvo kutadza
• Itsvo matombo

MUPFUNGWA

• Kushungurudzika
• Zvakaoma kuisa pfungwa kana kufunga

SKELETAL

• Mapfupa cysts
• Kutsemuka
• Osteoporosis

Aya matambudziko eakareba-kwenguva hypercalcemia haana kujairika nhasi munyika zhinji.

Bata wako mupi wehutano kana iwe uine:

• Nhoroondo yemhuri ye hypercalcemia
• Nhoroondo yemhuri ye hyperparathyroidism
• Zviratidzo zvehypercalcemia

Zvikonzero zvakawanda zvehypercalcemia hazvigone kudzivirirwa. Vakadzi vanopfuura makore makumi mashanu vanofanira kuona mupi wavo nguva dzose uye vanoonekwa ropa ravo calcium level kana vaine zviratidzo zvehypercalcemia.

Taura nemupi wako nezve iyo chaiyo dosi kana iwe uri kutora calcium uye vhitamini D zvinowedzera.

Calcium - yakakwidziridzwa; Yakakwira calcium level; Hyperparathyroidism - hypercalcemia

• Hypercalcemia - kubuda

• Endocrine masero

Aronson JK. Vitamin D zvakafanana. Mune: Aronson JK, ed. Meyler's Side Migumisiro yeMishonga. 16 ed. Waltham, MA: Elsevier BV ;; 2016: 487-487.

Coleman RE, Brown J, Holen I. Bone metastases. Mune: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, eds. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chits. 56.

Darr EA, Sritharan N, Pellitteri PK, Sofferman RA, Randolph GW. Manejimendi eparathyroid kusagadzikana. Mune: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund V, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngology: Musoro uye Neck Kuvhiya. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: chits. 124.

Thakker RV. Izvo zvipenga zveparathyroid, hypercalcemia, uye hypocalcemia. Mune: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Mushonga. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsiko 232.