Kurarama nekuona kurasikirwa

Kutarisa kwakaderera kuremara kwekuona. Kupfeka magirazi enguva dzose kana kutaurirana hakubatsire. Vanhu vane maonero akaderera vakatoyedza marapirwo aripo kana ekuvhiya. Uye hapana kumwe kurapwa kuchabatsira. Kana iwe ukaudzwa kuti uchaita bofu zvachose kana kusvika padanho rausingakwanise kuona zvakakwana kuti uverenge, zvinogona kubatsira kudzidza Braille iwe uchiri kugona kuona.

Vanhu vane chiratidzo chakanyanya kupfuura 20/200, vaine magirazi kana malenzi, vanoonekwa semapofu zviri pamutemo mumatunhu mazhinji muUnited States. Asi vanhu vazhinji vari muchikwata ichi vachiri vaine chiratidzo chinobatsira.

Paunenge uine yakaderera kuona, unogona kunetseka kutyaira, kuverenga, kana kuita zvidiki zvidiki sekusona nemhizha. Asi iwe unogona kuita shanduko mumba mako uye munzira dzako dzinokubatsira kuti ugare wakachengeteka uye wakazvimirira. Dzimwe dzenzira nehunyanzvi idzi dzinoda kuona kwakati saka hazvizobatsire kupofomara zvachose. Mazhinji masevhisi anowanikwa iwe kuti uwane iyo kudzidziswa uye rutsigiro kuti zvishande zvakazvimiririra. Imwe yeaya eBraille Institute of America.

Mhando yezvishoma zvekuona zvinobatsira uye marongero ehupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwaunoshandisa zvinoenderana nerudzi rwako rwekuona kurasikirwa. Rubatsiro rwakasiyana uye marongero akakodzera zvirinani kumatambudziko akasiyana.

Mhando huru dzekurasikirwa kwekuona ndeidzi:

• Pakati (kuverenga kana kuziva zviso kumhiri kwemba)
• Peripheral (kudivi)
• Hapana kuona kwechiedza (NLP), kana kupofomadza kwakazara

Mumwe anowanzoona-nhengo yemhuri kana shamwari angangoda kukubatsira iwe kumisikidza mamwe marudzi ezviono zvinoonekwa. Dzimwe sarudzo dzinosanganisira:

• Magnifiers
• Yakakwirira simba kuverenga magirazi
• Midziyo inoita kuti zvive nyore kushandisa nharembozha nemakomputa
• Mawadhi akagadzirirwa kuona kwakaderera, kana mawatch ekutaura nemawachi
• Telescopic magirazi anogona kubatsira kure kuona

Unofanira:

• Wedzera mwenje wakazara mumba mako.
• Shandisa tafura kana mwenje wepasi une gooseneck kana ruoko runochinjika. Nongedzera mwenje zvakananga pane yako yekuverenga zvinhu kana basa.
• Kunyangwe kushandisa incandescent kana halogen mababu mumarambi kunogona kupa kwakanaka kwakatariswa mwenje, chenjera nemwenje iyi. Vanopisa, saka usashandise imwe iri padhuze newe kwenguva refu. Sarudzo iri nani uye inochengetedza simba inogona kunge iri maABbu nemarambi. Dzinoburitsa musiyano wepamusoro uye hadziwane kupisa se halogen bulbs.
• Bvisa kupenya. Kupenya kunogona kunyatso kunetsa mumwe munhu ane yakaderera kuona.

Iwe unozoda kugadzira maitiro anoita kuti hupenyu huve nyore neakaderera kuona. Kana imba yako yakatove yakarongeka, ungangoda kuita shanduko diki chete.

Iva nenzvimbo yezvinhu zvese.

• Chengetedza zvinhu munzvimbo imwechete nguva dzose. Isa zvinhu mudhirowa rimwe chete kana kabhineti, kana patafura imwechete kana pakaunda nzvimbo.
• Isa zvinhu kumashure munzvimbo imwechete nguva dzese.
• Chengetedza zvinhu mumidziyo yakakura saizi, senge makatoni emazai, zvirongo, uye mabhokisi eshangu.

Iva kujairana nezvinhu zvakajairika.

• Dzidza kuziva chimiro chezvinhu, senge midziyo yezai kana mabhokisi ezviyo.
• Shandisa foni ine nhamba hombe, uye bamba keypad nemusoro.
• Peta marudzi akasiyana epepa mari neimwe nzira. Semuenzaniso, peta $ 10 bhiri muhafu uye peta peta $ 20 bhiri.
• Shandisa Braille kana hombe yekudhinda cheki.

Nyora zvinhu zvako.

• Gadzira mavara uchishandisa fomu yakapusa yeBraille inonzi isingadzoreki Braille.
• Shandisa madiki madiki, akasimudzwa, mabhendi erabha, Velcro, kana tepi yemavara kunyora zvinhu.
• Shandisa caulking, yakakwidzwa rubha, kana epurasitiki madhi kutara mamwe marongero emidziyo, senge tembiricha masetera pane yevira thermostat uye dhaya masetera pane washer uye dryer.

Unofanira:

• Bvisa waya dzakasununguka kana tambo kubva pasi.
• Bvisa yakasununguka kukanda matagi.
• Kwete kuchengeta zvipfuwo zvidiki mumba mako.
• Gadzirisa chero isina kuenzana flooring pamusuwo.
• Isa mahandrairi mubhavhu kana mushawa uye padivi pechimbuzi.
• Isa chirahwe-chinoratidza bhavhu mubhavhu kana mushawa.

Unofanira:

• Batanidza hembe dzako. Chengeta bhurugwa mune chimwe chikamu chewadhiropu uye mashati mune chimwe chikamu.
• Rongedza mbatya dzako neruvara muwadhiropu yako nemadhirowa. Shandisa kusona mapfundo kana zvipfeko zvepini kukodhi yemuvara. Semuenzaniso, 1 pfundo kana pini nhema, 2 mapfundo akachena, uye matatu mapfundo akatsvuka. Cheka zvindori kubva pamakadhibhodi. Isa zvinyorwa zveBraille kana mavara pamakenduru emakadhibhokisi. Loop zvindori pazvipenga.
• Shandisa zvindori zvepurasitiki kubata mapaviri emasokisi pamwe chete, shandisa izvi paunogeza, nekuoma uye nekuchengeta masokisi ako.
• Shandisa hombe Ziploc mabhegi kupatsanura chipfeko chako chemukati, bras, uye pantyhose.
• Ronga zvishongo neruvara. Shandisa makatoni ezai kana bhokisi rezvishongo kugadzirisa zvishongo.

Unofanira:

• Shandisa hombe-dhinda mabhuku ekubika. Bvunza chiremba wako kana mukoti kwaunowana mabhuku aya.
• Shandisa caulking, yakamutswa rabha, kana mapurasitiki madhi kutara masetingi pane ekugadzirisa kwechitofu chako, ovhoni, uye toaster.
• Chengetedza chikafu mumidziyo chaiyo. Maka iwo nemavara eBraille.
• Shandisa yakakwira musiyano nzvimbo bonde kuti iwe ugone kuona yako ndiro nyore. Semuenzaniso, jira jena rinomira rakatarisana nerima bhuruu kana rakasvibira girini nzvimbo mat.

Unofanira:

• Chengetedza mishonga yakarongedzwa mukabati kuitira kuti uzive kwavari.
• Label mishonga mabhodhoro nepeni yekunzwa peni kuti iwe ugone kuaverenga zviri nyore.
• Shandisa mabhandi erabha kana zvikamu kuudza mishonga yako zvakasiyana.
• Kumbira mumwe munhu kuti akupe mishonga yako.
• Verenga zvinyorwa zvine lenzi rinokudza.
• Shandisa bhokisi repiritsi rine zvikamu zvemazuva evhiki uye nenguva dzezuva.
• Usambofungidzira kana uchitora mishonga yako. Kana usina chokwadi nezveyero yako, taura nachiremba wako, mukoti, kana wemishonga.

Dzidza kutenderera wega.

• Wana kosi yekushandisa chena refu nzara kubatsira.
• Dzidzira pamwe nemudzidzisi ane ruzivo mukushandisa iyi mhando yenzimbe.

Dzidza kufamba netsigiro yemumwe munhu.

• Tevera kufamba kweumwe munhu.
• Bata ruoko rwemunhu zvishoma pamusoro pegokora uye famba zvishoma kumashure.
• Ita shuwa kuti nhanho yako inoenderana neyomumwe munhu.
• Kumbira munhu iyeye kuti akuudze iwe paunenge uchisvika pamatanho kana nzira. Svika pamatanho uye curbs musoro-on kuti iwe ugone kuzviwana pamwe nezvigunwe zvako.
• Bvunza munhu iyeye kuti akuudze iwe paunenge uchipfuura nepasuo.
• Kumbira munhu wacho kuti akusiye pane imwe nzvimbo. Dzivisa kusiiwa munzvimbo yakavhurika.

Chirwere cheshuga - kurasikirwa kwemaonero; Retinopathy - kurasikirwa kurasikirwa; Kutarisa kwakaderera; Upofu - kurasikirwa kurasikirwa

American Foundation yeiyo Bofu webhusaiti. Kupofu uye kuona kwakaderera - zviwanikwa zvekurarama nekuona kurasikirwa. www.vg.org/blindness-and-low-vision. Yakasvika Kurume 11, 2020.

Andrews J. Kugadziridza nharaunda yakavakirwa kune vakwegura vasina kusimba. Mune: Zadza HM, Rockwood K, Mudiki J, eds. Brocklehurst's Textbook yeGeriatric Mishonga uye Gerontology. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2017: chits. 132.

Braille akatanga webhusaiti. Nhungamiro nzira. www.brailleinstitute.org/resource/guide-techniques. Yakasvika Kurume 11, 2020.

• Kuona Kukanganiswa uye Kupofu