Ngozi dzekunwa vachiri vadiki

Kunwa doro harisi dambudziko revakuru chete. Vazhinji vakuru vemuzvikoro zvepamusoro zveAmerica vakanwa doro mukati memwedzi wapfuura. Kunwa kunogona kutungamira kune ane njodzi uye maitiro ane njodzi.

Kuyaruka uye makore ekuyaruka inguva yekuchinja. Mwana wako anogona kunge achangotanga chikoro chepamusoro kana kungowana rezinesi rekutyaira. Vanogona kunge vaine pfungwa yerusununguko yavaisati vambove nayo.

Vechidiki vanoda kuziva. Ivo vanoda kuongorora uye kuita zvinhu nenzira yavo vega. Asi kumanikidzwa kukwana mukati kunogona kuita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuramba doro kana zvichiratidzika sekuti munhu wese arikuyedza.

Kana mwana akatanga kunwa asati asvitsa makore gumi nemashanu, ivo vanowanzoita mukana wekunwa kwenguva refu, kana kunwa chinetso. Vanenge 1 muvachiri kuyaruka vanoonekwa sevanonwa dambudziko. Izvi zvinoreva kuti:

• Idhakwa
• Ivai netsaona dzine chekuita nekunwa
• Pinda mudambudziko nemutemo, mhuri dzavo, shamwari, zvikoro, kana vanhu vavanofambidzana navo

Nguva yakanakisa yekutanga kutaura nemwana wako ari kuyaruka nezvezvinodhakwa nedoro izvozvi. Vana vadiki sezera ramakore gumi nemapfumbamwe vanogona kuda kuziva nezvekunwa uye vangatoedza doro.

Kunwa kunogona kutungamira mukuita sarudzo dzinokuvadza. Kunwa doro kunoreva kuti chero chinotevera chinowanzoitika.

• Tsaona dzemotokari
• Kuwa, kunyura, uye dzimwe tsaona
• Kuzviuraya
• Mhirizhonga uye kuuraya
• Kuve nyajambwa wemhirizhonga

Kunwa doro kunogona kutungamira mukuita zvepabonde kune njodzi. Izvi zvinowedzera njodzi ye:

• Zvirwere zvepabonde
• Nhumbu isingadiwe
• Kubatwa chibharo kana kubata chibharo

Nekufamba kwenguva, doro rakawandisa rinokuvadza maseru ehuropi. Izvi zvinogona kutungamira kumatambudziko ehunhu uye kukuvara kusingaperi kwendangariro, kufunga, uye kutonga. Vechidiki vanonwa vanowanzoita zvisirizvo kuchikoro uye maitiro avo anogona kuvapinza mumatambudziko.

Mhedzisiro yekushandisa kwenguva refu doro pauropi inogona kuve yeupenyu hwese. Kunwa zvakare kunogadzira njodzi yakakwira yekushungurudzika, kushushikana, uye kuzvitarisira pasi.

Kunwa panguva yekuyaruka kunogona zvakare kuchinja mahormone mumuviri. Izvi zvinogona kukanganisa kukura nekuyaruka.

Doro rakawandisa panguva imwe chete rinogona kukonzera kukuvara kwakakomba kana kufa kubva kune chepfu. Izvi zvinogona kuitika uine mashoma seanonwa zvinwiwa mukati maawa maviri.

Kana iwe uchifunga kuti mwana wako ari kunwa asi asingazotauri newe nezvazvo, tsvaga rubatsiro. Mubatsiri wehutano wemwana wako anogona kunge ari nzvimbo yakanaka yekutanga. Zvimwe zviwanikwa zvinosanganisira:

• Zvipatara zvemuno
• Veruzhinji kana vega masangano ehutano hwepfungwa
• Vanachipangamazano pachikoro chemwana wako
• Nzvimbo dzehutano dzevadzidzi
• Zvirongwa zvakaita seSMART Kudzoreredza Rubatsiro kune Vechidiki uye Vechidiki Vakuru kana Alateen, chikamu chechirongwa cheAl-Anon

Kunwa zvine njodzi - wechidiki; Doro - kunwa pazera; Dambudziko pasi pekunwa doro; Kunwa kwevadiki - njodzi

American Psychiatric Association. Zvinetso zvine chekuita nezvechinhu uye kupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka. Chirwere uye nhamba yekuverenga yekusagadzikana kwepfungwa. 5 ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013: 481-590.

Bo A, Hai AH, Jaccard J. Mapindiro-akavakirwa nevabereki pamhedzisiro yekushandisa doro doro: ongororo yakarongeka uye meta-ongororo. Doro Doro Rinotsamira. 2018; 191: 98-109. PMID: 30096640 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30096640/.

Gilligan C, Wolfenden L, Foxcroft DR, uye al. Zvirongwa zvekudzivirira zvemhuri zvekushandisa doro muvechidiki. Cochrane Dhatabhesi Syst Rev. 2019; 3 (3): CD012287. PMID: 30888061 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30888061/.

National Institute pamusoro peDoro Kunwa Doro uye Alcoholism webhusaiti. Kunwa doro uye kupindira kupfupi kwevechidiki: gwara remushandi. www.niaaa.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/YouthGuide.pdf. Yakagadziridzwa Kukadzi 2019. Yakasvika muna Kubvumbi 9, 2020.

• Vechidiki Kunwa