Giremu-isina meningitis

Meningitis iripo kana membranes yakafukidza yeuropi uye musana tambo ichizvimba uye kupisa. Ichi chifukidziro chinonzi meninges.

Mabhakitiriya ndeimwe mhando yehutachiona hunogona kukonzera meningitis. Gram-negative mabhakitiriya rudzi rwehutachiona hunozvibata nenzira yakafanana mumuviri. Ivo vanonzi gram-negative nekuti vanoshanduka pinki kana vaedzwa murabhoritari nechitema chakakosha chinonzi Gram stain.

Acute bacterial meningitis inogona kukonzerwa nemaGram-negative mabacteria akasiyana anosanganisira meningococcal uye H influenzae.

Chinyorwa ichi chinofukidza Gram-negative meningitis inokonzerwa nehutachiona hunotevera:

• Escherichia coli
• Klebsiella pneumoniae
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Serratia marsescens

Gram-negative meningitis inowanzoonekwa kune vacheche kupfuura vanhu vakuru. Asi zvinogona zvakare kuitika kune vanhu vakuru, kunyanya avo vane imwe kana zvimwe zvinenjodzi. Njodzi zvinhu muvakuru nevana zvinosanganisira:

• Utachiona (kunyanya mudumbu kana weti turakiti)
• Nguva pfupi yapfuura kuvhiyiwa huropi
• Kukuvara kwazvino kumusoro
• Spinal kusagadzikana
• Spinal fluid shunt kuiswa mushure mekuvhiyiwa kwehuropi
• Urinary turakiti kusagadzikana
• Urinary turakiti hutachiona
• Dziviriro yezvirwere mumuviri

Zviratidzo zvinowanzouya nekukurumidza, uye zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Fivha uye kutonhora
• Mamiriro epfungwa anochinja
• Kusvotwa uye kurutsa
• Kunzwisisa kuchiedza (photophobia)
• Musoro wakanyanya
• Mutsipa wakaoma (meningismus)
• Zviratidzo zvechiropa, itsvo, ura, kana hutachiona hwemapapu

Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kuitika nechirwere ichi:

• Kusagadzikana
• Kubhururuka fontanelles mune vacheche
• Kuderera kwekuziva
• Kudya kwakashata kana kutsamwa muvana
• Kukurumidza kufema
• Kugara kusingawanzo, nemusoro nemutsipa zvakatemerwa kumashure (opisthotonos)

Anopa hutano anoita bvunzo dzepanyama. Mibvunzo inozotarisa pane zviratidzo uye zvinogona kuratidzwa kune mumwe munhu angave aine zvakafanana zviratidzo, senge rakaomarara mutsipa nefivha.

Kana iye mupi achifunga kuti meningitis inogoneka, lumbar puncture (musana tambo) inogona kuitirwa kubvisa sampu yemuzongoza mvura yekuyedzwa.

Mimwe bvunzo inogona kuitwa inosanganisira:

• Tsika yeropa
• Chest x-ray
• CT scan yemusoro
• Gram stain, mamwe mavara akakosha

Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya ichatangwa nekukurumidza sezvazvinogona. Ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, uye cefepime ndiwo anonyanya kushandiswa maantibhakitiriya erudzi urwu rwemaningitis. Mimwe mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inogona kupihwa, zvichienderana nerudzi rwehutachiona.

Kana iwe uine spinal shunt, inogona kubviswa.

Iyo yekutanga kurapwa yakatanga, zvirinani mhedzisiro.

Vanhu vazhinji vanopora zvakakwana. Asi, vanhu vazhinji vane kusagadzikana kwehuropi kukuvara kana kufa nerudzi urwu rwe meningitis. Vana vadiki nevanhu vakuru vanopfuura makore makumi mashanu vane njodzi huru yekufa. Unyatsoita sei zvinoenderana ne:

• Zera rako
• Kurumidza sei kurapwa kunotanga
• Hutano hwako hwese

Yenguva refu matambudziko anogona kusanganisira:

• Kukuvara kwehuropi
• Kuvaka kwemvura pakati pehenya nehuropi (subdural effusion)
• Kuvaka kwemvura mukati mehenya iyo inotungamira kuhuropi kuzvimba (hydrocephalus)
• Kunzwa kurasikirwa
• Kufenda

Fonera 911 kana iyo yemuno emergency emergency kana kuenda kune yekukurumidza emergency kamuri kana iwe uchifungidzira meningitis mumwana mudiki ane zvinotevera zviratidzo:

• Matambudziko ekudyisa
• Kuchema kwepamusoro
• Kushatirwa
• Kuramba kusinganzwisisike fivha

Meningitis inogona kukurumidza kuve chirwere chinotyisa.

Kukurumidza kurapwa kwehukama hwakabatana kunogona kudzikisira kuomarara uye kunetsekana kwemeningitis.

Giremu-isina meningitis

• Central nervous system uye yekumusoro tsinga system
• CSF cell kuverenga

Nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza Dziviriro uye Kudzivirira webhusaiti. Bhakitiriya meningitis. www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html. Yakagadziridzwa Nyamavhuvhu 6, 2019. Yakasvika muna Zvita 1, 2020.

Nath A. Meningitis: hutachiona, hutachiona, uye zvimwe. Mune: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Mushonga. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsiko 384.

Hasbun R, Van de Beek D, Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR .. Acute meningitis. Mune: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, uye Bennett's Maitiro uye Maitiro Ezvirwere zvinotapukira. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chits. 87.