Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, kana ALS, chirwere chemasero etsinga muuropi, hutsi hwehuropi uye musana wesipinha unodzora kuzvipira kwemhasuru kufamba.
ALS inozivikanwawo seLou Gehrig chirwere.
Imwe mune gumi kesi dzeALS inokonzerwa nehurema hwesimba. Chikonzero hachizivikanwe mune dzimwe nguva zhinji.
MuALS, maseru emagetsi (mauroni) anopera kana kufa, uye haachakwanise kutumira mameseji kumasuru. Izvi zvinopedzisira zvaendesa kune mhasuru kupera simba, kumonyoroka, uye kutadza kufambisa maoko, makumbo, nemuviri. Mamiriro acho anowedzera kuwedzera. Kana tsandanyama dziri muchipfuva dzamira kushanda, zvinobva zvaoma kana kutadza kufema.
ALS inobata vangangoita vashanu kubva pavanhu zviuru zana pasi rese.
Kuva nenhengo yemhuri ine nhaka nhaka chirwere chinokanganisa ALS. Dzimwe njodzi dzinosanganisira basa remauto Izvo zvikonzero zveizvi hazvina kujeka, asi zvinogona kunge zvine chekuita nekuratidzwa kwenzvimbo nehupfu.
Zviratidzo hazviwanzo kukura kusvika mushure memakore makumi mashanu, asi zvinogona kutanga mune vechidiki. Vanhu vane ALS vane kurasikirwa kwesimba mhasuru pamwe nekubatana izvo zvinopedzisira zvanyanya uye zvinoita kuti zvisava nyore kwavari kuti vaite mabasa enguva dzose sekukwira matanho, kubuda pachigaro, kana kumedza.
Kuneta kunogona kutanga kukanganisa maoko kana makumbo, kana kugona kufema kana kumedza. Sezvo chirwere ichi chiri kuramba chichiwedzera, mapoka emhasuru akawanda anokura matambudziko.
ALS haina kukanganisa manzwiro (kuona, kunhuwidza, kuravira, kunzwa, kubata). Vazhinji vanhu vanokwanisa kufunga zvakajairika, kunyangwe chishoma chiverengera chinosimudzira dementia, zvichikonzera matambudziko nendangariro.
Kushaiwa kwetsandanyama kunotanga mune chimwe chikamu chemuviri, senge ruoko kana ruoko, uye zvishoma nezvishoma zvinowedzera kusvika zvoendesa kune zvinotevera:
- Zvakaoma kusimudza, kukwira masitepisi, uye kufamba
- Kunetseka kufema
- Dambudziko kumedza - kudzipwa zvirinyore, kudonhedza mvura, kana kudzamwa
- Musoro kudonha nekuda kwekushaya simba kwemitsipa yemutsipa
- Matambudziko ekutaura, senge anononoka kana asina kujairika matauriro maitiro (slurring yemazwi)
- Inzwi rinochinja, hoarseness
Zvimwe zvakawanikwa zvinosanganisira:
- Kushungurudzika
- Tsandanyama tsandanyama
- Kuomesa kwemhasuru, kunodaidzwa kuti kushomeka
- Tsvina yemhasuru, inonzi fasciculations
- Kuonda
Anokuchengetedza hutano achakuongorora obvunza nezve nhoroondo yako yezvokurapa nezviratidzo.
Iko kuongorora kwepanyama kunogona kuratidza:
- Kushaya simba, kazhinji kutanga munzvimbo imwechete
- Kudengenyeka kwemhasuru, kuputika, kumonyoroka, kana kurasikirwa kwenyama yemhasuru
- Kudimikira kwerurimi (zvakajairika)
- Kusanzwisisika kusagadzikana
- Kufamba kana kuomarara kufamba
- Kupera kana kuwedzera kufungidzira pamajoini
- Dambudziko rekudzora kuchema kana kuseka (dzimwe nguva kunonzi kusanzwisisika kwemanzwiro)
- Kurasikirwa kwegag reflex
Miedzo inogona kuitwa inosanganisira:
- Ropa bvunzo kutonga kunze mamwe mamiriro
- Kufema test kuti uone kana mhasuru dzemapapu dzakakanganiswa
- Cervical spine CT kana MRI kuve nechokwadi kuti hapana chirwere kana kukuvara kumutsipa, izvo zvinogona kutevedzera ALS
- Electromyography kuti uone kuti ndeipi tsinga kana mhasuru isingashande mushe
- Genetic kuyedza, kana paine nhoroondo yemhuri yeALS
- Musoro CT kana MRI kutonga kunze mamwe mamiriro
- Kumedza zvidzidzo
- Musana pombi (lumbar puncture)
Hapana mushonga unozivikanwa weALS. Mushonga unonzi riluzole unobatsira kudzora zviratidzo uye unobatsira vanhu kurarama zvishoma zvishoma.
Mishonga miviri iripo iyo inobatsira kudzikamisa kufambira mberi kwezviratidzo uye inogona kubatsira vanhu kurarama zvishoma zvishoma:
- Riluzole (Rilutek)
- Edaravone (Radicava)
Mishonga yekurapa zvimwe zviratidzo zvinosanganisira:
- Baclofen kana diazepam ye spasticity iyo inokanganisa zviitiko zvezuva nezuva
- Trihexyphenidyl kana amitriptyline kune vanhu vane matambudziko kumedza mate avo
Kurapa kwepanyama, kugadzirisa, kushandisa brace kana wiricheya, kana zvimwe zviyero zvinogona kudikanwa kubatsira nemhasuru mashandiro uye hutano huzhinji.
Vanhu vane ALS vanowanzo kudzikira uremu. Chirwere chaicho chinowedzera kudiwa kwechikafu uye macalorie. Panguva imwecheteyo, matambudziko nekudzipwa uye kumedza zvinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kudya zvakakwana. Kubatsira nekudyisa, chubhu inogona kuiswa mudumbu. Chiremba wezvehutano anonyanya kushandisa ALS anogona kupa mazano pakudya zvine hutano.
Midziyo yekufema inosanganisira michina inoshandiswa chete husiku, uye inogara ichingopenga mweya.
Mushonga wekushungurudzika unogona kudikanwa kana munhu ane ALS ari kusuruvara. Ivo zvakare vanofanirwa kukurukura zvido zvavo zvine chekuita nemhepo yekufemera nemhuri dzavo uye vanopa.
Rutsigiro rwepamoyo rwakakosha mukugadzirisa chirwere, nekuti kushanda kwepfungwa hakukanganisike. Mapoka akaita seALS Association anogona kuwanikwa kubatsira vanhu vari kutarisana nedambudziko.
Kutsigira kwevanhu vari kutarisira mumwe munhu ane ALS kunowanikwawo, uye kunogona kubatsira zvikuru.
Nekufamba kwenguva, vanhu vane ALS vanorasikirwa nemukana wekushanda nekuzvitarisira. Rufu runowanzoitika mukati memakore matatu kusvika mashanu ekuongororwa. Vanenge munhu mumwe muvanhu vana vanorarama kweanopfuura makore mashanu mushure mekuongororwa. Vamwe vanhu vanorarama kwenguva yakareba, asi ivo vanowanzoda rubatsiro kufema kubva kune mweya kana chimwe chigadzirwa.
Zvinetso zveALS zvinosanganisira:
- Kufema muchikafu kana fluid (aspiration)
- Kurasikirwa kwekugona kuzviriritira
- Kukundikana kwemapapu
- Chirwere chemabayo
- Pressure maronda
- Kuonda
Fonera mupiki wako kana:
- Iwe une zviratidzo zveALS, kunyanya kana uine nhoroondo yemhuri yechirwere
- Iwe kana mumwe munhu akaonekwa kuti ane ALS uye zviratidzo zvinowedzera kana zviratidzo zvitsva zvinokura
Kuwedzera kuoma kumedza, kunetseka kufema, uye zvikamu zveapnea zviratidzo zvinoda kutariswa nekukurumidza.
Iwe ungangoda kuona wemazano chipangamazano kana iwe uine nhoroondo yemhuri yeALS.
Chirwere cheLou Gehrig; ALS; Kumusoro uye kwakaderera mota neuron chirwere; Motor neuron chirwere
- Central nervous system uye yekumusoro tsinga system
Fearon C, Murray B, Mitsumoto H. Kukanganisika kwepamusoro uye wezasi mota mauroni. Mune: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. Bradley's Neurology muClinical Dzidzira. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chits. 98.
Shaw PJ, Cudkowicz INI. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis nezvimwe zvirwere zvemotokari. Mune: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Mushonga. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsiko 391.
van Es MA, Hardiman O, Chio A, et al. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Lancet. 2017; 390 (10107): 2084-2098. PMID: 28552366 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28552366/.