Immunodeficiency zvinetso

Zvirwere zvekudzivirira muviri zvinoitika kana dziviriro yemuviri yadzikira kana isipo.

Masoja ekudzivirira muviri anoumbwa nematumbu ane lymphoid mumuviri, anosanganisira:

• Bone marora
• Node nhengo
• Zvikamu zve spleen uye gastrointestinal turakiti
• Thymus
• Tonsils

Mapuroteni nemasero muropa zvakare chikamu chemasoja emuviri.

Ma immune immune anobatsira kuchengetedza muviri kubva kuzvinhu zvinokuvadza zvinonzi maantigen. Mienzaniso yemaantigen inosanganisira mabhakitiriya, mavairasi, chepfu, maseru egomarara, uye neropa rekune dzimwe nyika kana nyama kubva kune mumwe munhu kana imwe mhando

Kana immune system ikaona antigen, inopindura nekugadzira mapuroteni anonzi ma antibodies anoparadza zvinhu zvinokuvadza. Iyo immune system mhinduro zvakare inosanganisira maitiro anonzi phagocytosis. Munguva iyi, mamwe masero machena eropa anomedza nekuparadza mabhakitiriya nezvimwe zvinhu zvekunze. Mapuroteni anonzi anonzi complement rubatsiro nemaitiro aya.

Zvirwere zvekudzivirira muviri zvinogona kukanganisa chero chikamu chemuviri. Kazhinji kazhinji, aya mamiriro anoitika kana masero machena eropa anonzi T kana B maLymphocyte (kana ese ari maviri) asinga shande zvakajairika kana muviri wako usinga gadzire ma antibodies akakwana.

Nhaka yekuzvidzivirira kwekudzivirira muviri inobata masero eB anosanganisira:

• Hypogammaglobulinemia, iyo inowanzo kutungamira mukufema uye nemudumbu
• Agammaglobulinemia, iyo inoguma nezvirwere zvakakomba pakutanga kwehupenyu, uye kazhinji inouraya

Nhaka yekuzvidzivirira kwekudzivirira muviri inobata masero eT inogona kukonzera kudzokororwa kweCandida (mbiriso) hutachiona. Yakagara nhaka yakasanganiswa immunodeficiency inokanganisa ese maT masero nemaB masero. Zvinogona kuuraya mukati megore rekutanga rehupenyu kana ikasarapwa nekukurumidza.

Vanhu vanonzi vanodzvinyirirwa kana vaine hutachiona hwehutachiona nekuda kwemishonga inoderedza immune system (senge corticosteroids). Immunosuppression zvakare yakajairika mhedzisiro mhedzisiro yekemotherapy inopihwa kurapa cancer.

Kuwana immunodeficiency kunogona kuva kusangana kwezvirwere zvakaita seHIV / AIDS uye kushaya zvinovaka muviri (kunyanya kana munhu asingadye mapuroteni akakwana). Makenza mazhinji anogona zvakare kukonzera immunodeficiency.

Vanhu vakabviswa chirwatata chavo vawana immunodeficiency, uye vari panjodzi huru yekutapukirwa nemamwe mabhakitiriya ayo mapleen anowanzo batsira kurwisa. Vanhu vane chirwere cheshuga vari panjodzi yakanyanya yehumwe hutachiona.

Paunenge uchikura, immune system inova shoma. Immune system tishu (kunyanya lymphoid tishu senge thymus) inoderera, uye iyo nhamba uye chiitiko chemachena maseru eropa anodonha.

Aya anotevera mamiriro uye zvirwere zvinogona kutungamira kune immunodeficiency disorder:

• Ataxia-telangiectasia
• Zadzisa kushomeka
• DiGeorge chirwere
• Hypogammaglobulinemia
• Jobho chirwere
• Leukocyte adhesion kuremara
• Agammaglobulinemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich chirwere

Mutapi wako wezvehutano anogona kufunga kuti une hutachiona hwehutachiona kana uine:

• Zvirwere zvinoramba zvichidzoka kana kuti zvisingaendi
• Utachiona hwakanyanya kubva kubhakitiriya kana zvimwe hutachiona husingawanzo kukonzera hutachiona hwakanyanya

Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinosanganisira:

• Kutadza kupindura kurapwa kwehutachiona
• Kunonoka kana kukwana kupora kubva pakurwara
• Dzimwe mhando dzekenza (senge Kaposi sarcoma kana isiri-Hodgkin lymphoma)
• Humwe hutachiona (kusanganisira mamwe mafomu emabayo kana kudzokorora mbiriso hutachiona)

Zviratidzo zvinoenderana nedambudziko. Semuenzaniso, avo vane mwero wakadzikira weIg wakasanganiswa nematanho akaderera ezvimwe zvikamu zvidiki zveIgG vanogona kunge vaine matambudziko anosanganisira mapapu, zvitadzo, nzeve, huro, uye kugaya nzira.

Miedzo inoshandiswa kubatsira kuongorora hutachiona hwehutachiona hunogona kusanganisira:

• Kuteedzera mazinga muropa, kana imwe bvunzo kuyera zvinhu zvakaburitswa ne immune system
• Kuongororwa HIV
• Immunoglobulin mazinga muropa
• Mapuroteni electrophoresis (ropa kana weti)
• T (thymus yakatorwa) lymphocyte kuverenga
• White ropa masero kuverenga

Chinangwa chekurapa ndechekudzivirira hutachiona uye kubata chero chirwere uye hutachiona hunokura.

Kana uine immune system isina kusimba, unofanirwa kudzivirira kusangana nevanhu vane hutachiona kana kusagadzikana kunotapukira. Unogona kudzivisa vanhu vakabayiwa majekiseni ehutachiwana mukati memavhiki maviri apfuura.

Kana iwe ukava nehutachiona, wako mupi achakubata iwe zvine hukasha. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kushandiswa kwenguva yakareba kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kana antifungal kudzivirira hutachiona kubva kudzoka.

Interferon inoshandiswa kurapa hutachiona uye mamwe marudzi ekenza. Iwo mushonga unoita kuti immune system ishande zvirinani.

Vanhu vane HIV / AIDS vanogona kutora mishonga yemubatanidzwa kudzikisa huwandu hweHIV muma immune system avo uye nekuvandudza hutachiona.

Vanhu vari kuzove vakaronga kubvisa chirwatata vanofanirwa kubayiwa majekiseni mavhiki maviri pamberi pekuvhiyiwa kurwisa mabhakitiriya akadai Streptococcus mabayo uye Haemophilus influenzae. Vanhu vasina kumbobayiwa majekiseni kana vasina hutachiona hunozivikanwa vanofanirawo kugamuchira MMR, uye majekiseni ehuku. Uye zvakare, zvinokurudzirwa zvakare kuti vanhu vawane iyo DTaP yekudzivirira nhevedzano kana booster kupfura sezviri kudikanwa.

Bone marrow transplants anogona kushandiswa kurapa mamwe mamiriro ekudzivirira muviri.

Kusagadzikana kwekuzvidzivirira (kugamuchira masoja ekudzivirirwa anogadzirwa nemumwe munhu kana mhuka) dzimwe nguva zvinokurudzirwa kudzivirira chirwere mushure mekunge waoneswa kune mamwe mabhakitiriya kana hutachiona.

Vanhu vane mashoma kana asipo masero emamwe maemunoglobulini anogona kubatsirwa neiyo intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), inopihwa kuburikidza netsinga.

Zvimwe zvinokanganisa immune zvinyoro uye zvinokonzeresa kurwara nguva nenguva. Zvimwe zvakakomba uye zvinogona kuuraya. Kudzvinyirira immune kunokonzerwa nemishonga kunowanzoenda kana mushonga wamiswa.

Zvinetso zvehutachiona hwehutachiona hunogona kusanganisira:

• Kakawanda kana kuramba uchirwara
• Kuwedzera njodzi yemamwe kanzira kana mamota
• Kuwedzera njodzi yehutachiona

Fonera mupiki wako ipapo ipapo kana iwe uri pane chemotherapy kana corticosteroids uye iwe uchikura:

• Fivha ye100.5 ° F (38 ° C) kana yakakwira
• Kukosora nekufema kwekufema
• Dumbu kurwadziwa
• Zvimwe zviratidzo zvitsva

Enda kuimba yekukurumidzira kana kufonera yako yemuno emergency emergency (yakadai se911) kana uine mutsipa wakaomarara uye nemusoro nefivha.

Bata wako mupi kana iwe wakadzokorora mbiriso hutachiona kana yemumuromo thrush.

Iko hakuna inozivikanwa nzira yekudzivirira yakagara nhaka immunodeficiency kusagadzikana. Kana iwe uine nhoroondo yemhuri ye immunodeficiency zvinetso, iwe ungangoda kutsvaga genetic kuraira.

Kudzidzira bonde rakachengeteka uye kudzivirira kugovana mvura yemumuviri kunogona kubatsira kudzivirira Mukondombera. Bvunza mupi wako kana mushonga unonzi Truvada wakanakira iwe kudzivirira hutachiona hweHIV.

Kudya kwakanaka kunogona kudzivirira kuwanikwa kwekushaya simba kwemuviri kunokonzerwa nekushaya chikafu.

Kudzvinyirira kudzvinyirira; Kudzvinyirirwa - kudzvinyirirwa; Immunosuppressed - immunodeficiency; Hypogammaglobulinemia - immunodeficiency; Agammaglobulinemia - immunodeficiency

• Antibodies

Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S. Congenital uye vakawana immunodeficiency. Mune: Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S, eds. Cellular uye Molecular Immunology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chitsiko 21.

Bonanni P, Grazzini M, Niccolai G, et al. Yakakurudzirwa majekiseni easplenic uye hyposplenic vakuru varwere. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2017; 13 (2): 359-368. PMID: 27929751 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27929751/.

Cunningham-Rundles C. Zvirwere zvekutanga zvekudzivirira muviri. Mune: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Mushonga. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsiko 236.