Hyperparathyroidism

Hyperparathyroidism chirwere umo maronda eparathyroid mumutsipa wako anoburitsa yakawandisa parathyroid hormone (PTH).

Kune mana madiki madiki parathyroid gland mumutsipa, padhuze kana akasungirirwa kumashure kweshure kwetachiona.

Izvo zvipenga zveparathyroid zvinobatsira kudzora kushandiswa kwecalcium uye kubviswa nemuviri. Vanoita izvi nekugadzira parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH inobatsira kudzora calcium, phosphorus, uye vhitamini D mazinga muropa uye pfupa.

Kana calcium level yakanyanya kuderera, muviri unopindura nekuita yakawanda PTH. Izvi zvinoita kuti calcium ive muropa kusimuka.

Kana imwe kana yakawanda yemaronda eparathyroid ikakura, inotungamira kune yakawandisa PTH. Kazhinji kazhinji, chikonzero chacho bundu rinotapukira rezvirwere zveparathyroid (parathyroid adenoma). Aya mamota ane huturu anowanzoitika uye anoitika pasina chikonzero chinozivikanwa.

• Chirwere ichi chinowanzoitika kune vanhu vanopfuura makore makumi matanhatu, asi chinogonawo kuitika kune vechidiki. Hyperparathyroidism muhudiki haina kujairika.
• Vakadzi vane mikana yekukanganiswa kupfuura varume.
• Radiation kumusoro nemutsipa zvinowedzera njodzi.
• Mamwe mageneti syndromes (akawanda endocrine neoplasia I) anoita kuti iwedzere kuve ne hyperparathyroidism.
• Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitika, chirwere chinokonzerwa nekenza yeparathyroid.

Mamiriro ekurapa anokonzera yakaderera ropa calcium kana kuwedzerwa phosphate inogona zvakare kutungamira kune hyperparathyroidism. Mamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa anosanganisira:

• Mamiriro ezvinhu anoita kuti zviomere muviri kubvisa phosphate
• Itsvo kutadza
• Kwete calcium yakakwana mukudya
• Yakawandisa calcium yakarasika mumuti
• Vitamin D kusagadzikana (kunogona kuitika kuvana vasingadyi zvakasiyana siyana zvekudya, uye kune vakuru vakuru vasina kuwana zuva rakaringana paganda ravo kana vane husina kudya kwevhitamini D kubva muchikafu senge mushure mekuvhiyiwa bariatric)
• Zvinetso zvekutora zvinovaka muviri kubva muchikafu

Hyperparathyroidism inowanzo kuongororwa neyakajairika kuongororwa kweropa zviratidzo zvisati zvaitika.

Zviratidzo zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nekukuvara kwenhengo kubva kukwiriyamu muropa, kana nekurasikirwa kwecalcium kubva mumapfupa. Zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Kurwadziwa kwepfupa kana hunyoro
• Kushungurudzika uye kukanganwa
• Kunzwa kuneta, kurwara, uye kushaya simba
• Fragile mapfupa emitezo uye musana uyo unogona kutyora nyore
• Kuwedzera huwandu hweweti inogadzirwa uye inoda kuita weti kakawanda
• Itsvo matombo
• Nausea uye kurasikirwa kwechido

Anopa hutano anozoongorora muviri uye obvunza nezve zviratidzo.

Miedzo inogona kuitwa inosanganisira:

• PTH kuongorora ropa
• Calcium ropa bvunzo
• Alkaline phosphatase
• Phosphorus
• 24-awa weti weti bvunzo

Bone x-rays uye bone mineral density (DXA) bvunzo dzinogona kubatsira kuona kurasikirwa kwepfupa, kutsemuka, kana kupfava kwepfupa.

X-rays, ultrasound, kana CT scans yeitsvo kana yeurinary turakiti inogona kuratidza calcium deposits kana kuvhara.

Ultrasound kana mishonga yenyukireya scan yemutsipa (sestamibi) inoshandiswa kuona kana bundu rinotapira (adenoma) mune gonyeti reparathyroid riri kukonzera hyperparathyroidism.

Kana iwe uine hunyoro hwakawedzera calcium level uye usina zviratidzo, unogona kusarudza kugara uchiongororwa kana kurapwa.

Kana iwe ukafunga kurapwa, zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Kunwa mvura yakawanda kudzivirira matombo eitsvo kubva mukuumbwa
• Kudzidzira
• Kwete kutora mhando yemapiritsi emvura anonzi thiazide diuretic
• Estrogen yevakadzi vakapfuura panguva yekuguma
• Kuve nekuvhiyiwa kuti ubvise gland yakanyanyisa

Kana iwe uine zviratidzo kana yako calcium level iri yakanyanya kukwirisa, ungangoda kuvhiyiwa kubvisa iyo parathyroid gland iri kuwedzeredza iyo hormone.

Kana iwe uine hyperparathyroidism kubva kuchipatara, mupi wako anogona kupa vhitamini D, kana uine yakaderera vhitamini D nhanho.

Kana hyperparathyroidism inokonzerwa neitsvo kutadza, kurapwa kunogona kusanganisira:

• Yakawedzera calcium uye vhitamini D
• Kudzivisa phosphate muzvokudya
• Mushonga cinacalcet (Sensipar)
• Dialysis kana itsvo kuisazve
• Kuvhiyiwa kweparathyroid, kana iro parathyroid level richiwedzera kusadzora

Maonero anoenderana nechikonzero chehyperparathyroidism.

Matambudziko enguva refu anogona kuitika kana hyperparathyroidism isina kudzorwa zvakanaka inosanganisira:

• Mapfupa anoshaya simba, akaremara, kana anogona kutyoka
• Kuwedzera kweropa uye chirwere chemwoyo
• Itsvo matombo
• Yenguva refu chirwere cheitsvo

Kuvhiyiwa kweparathyroid gland kunogona kukonzera hypoparathyroidism uye kukuvadza kumitsipa inodzora tambo dzenzwi.

Parathyroid-inoenderana hypercalcemia; Osteoporosis - hyperparathyroidism; Kuonda kwepfupa - hyperparathyroidism; Osteopenia - hyperparathyroidism; Yakakwira calcium level - hyperparathyroidism; Chirwere chetsvo chisingaperi - hyperparathyroidism; Itsvo kutadza - hyperparathyroidism; Kupindirana parathyroid; Vitamin D kushomeka - hyperparathyroidism

• Zvirwere zveparathyroid

Hollenberg A, Wiersinga WM. Hyperthyroid kusagadzikana. Mune: Melmed S, Auchus RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, eds. Williams Chinyorwa cheEndocrinology. 14th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chits. 12.

Thakker RV. Izvo zvipenga zveparathyroid, hypercalcemia uye hypocalcemia. Mune: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Mushonga. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsiko 232.