ABO kusapindirana
A, B, AB, uye O ndiwo mana makuru eropa mhando. Mhando idzi dzinovakirwa pazvinhu zvidiki (mamorekuru) pamusoro pemasero eropa.
Kana vanhu vane imwe yeropa vakagamuchira ropa kubva kune mumwe munhu ane imwe mhando yeropa, zvinogona kukonzera kuti immune system yavo iite. Izvi zvinonzi ABO kusapindirana.
Nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwazvino hwekuyedza, dambudziko iri rinoshomeka.
Mhando dzakasiyana dzeropa ndeidzi:
- Tora A
- Rudzi B
- Tora AB
- Tora O
Vanhu vane imwe yeropa mhando vanogona kugadzira mapuroteni (antibodies) ayo anoita kuti immune system yavo iite inopesana neiyo imwe kana yakawanda yemamwe marudzi eropa.
Kufumurwa kune imwe mhando yeropa kunogona kukonzera maitiro. Izvi zvakakosha kana mumwe munhu achida kupihwa ropa (kuwedzerwa) kana kuve nekuiswa nhengo. Ropa mhando dzinofanirwa kuenderana kudzivirira ABO kusapindirana kuita.
Semuyenzaniso:
- Vanhu vane mhando yeropa A vanozopokana nerudzi rweB kana mhando yeropa AB.
- Vanhu vane mhando yeropa B vachapokana nerudzi rweA kana mhando yeropa AB.
- Vanhu vane mhando yeropa O vanoita zvinopesana nerudzi A, mhando B, kana mhando yeropa AB.
- Vanhu vane mhando yeropa AB havachaite zvinopesana nerudzi A, mhando B, mhando AB, kana mhando O ropa.
Type O ropa harikonzere immune immune kana ichipihwa kune vanhu vane type A, type B, kana type AB ropa. Ichi ndicho chikonzero type O masero eropa anogona kupihwa kune vanhu verudzi rweropa. Vanhu vane type O ropa vanonzi vanopa vese. Asi vanhu vane mhando O vanogona kungogamuchira yerudzi O ropa.
Ropa neplasma kuwedzerwa zvinofanirwa kuenzaniswa kudzivirira immune immune. Chero munhu asati agamuchira ropa, iro ropa nemunhu ari kurigamuchira vanoongororwa nokungwarira kuti vasaite. Kazhinji, kuita kunoitika nekuda kwekukanganisa kwekunyora kunokonzera kuti mumwe munhu agamuchire ropa risingapindirani.
Izvi zvinotevera zviratidzo zveABO zvisingaenderane neropa rekuwedzera:
- Kutambudzika kwakadzoka shure
- Ropa mune weti
- Kutonhora
- Kunzwa "kwekuuya kwekuparadzwa"
- Kupindwa nechando
- Kusvotwa uye kurutsa
- Kufema kwekufema
- Yakawedzera kurova kwemoyo
- Marwadzo pane yekumisikidzwa saiti
- Kurwadziwa pachifuva
- Dzungu
- Bronchospasm (spasm yemhasuru inonamira mapapu, inokonzera kukosora)
- Yero ganda uye vachena vemeso (jaundice)
- Yakakomba itsvo kutadza
- Kuderera kweropa
- Yakaparadzirwa intravascular coagulation (DIC)
Anopa hutano anoita bvunzo dzepanyama. Kuongororwa kweropa kunowanzo kuratidza:
- Chikamu che bilirubin chakakwirira
- Iyo yakazara yakazara kuverenga (CBC) inoratidza kukuvara kumasero matsvuku eropa kana kupererwa neropa
- Ropa remupi neanopa haripindirani
- Yakakwidziridzwa lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
- Yakawedzera ropa urea nitrogen (BUN) uye creatinine; kana kukuvara kwetsvo
- Yakareba prothrombin nguva kana chikamu chetromboplastin nguva (kuwanikwa kweDIC)
- Yakanaka yakananga antiglobulin bvunzo (DAT)
Urine bvunzo inoratidza kuvepo kwehemoglobin nekuda kwekuparara kwemasero matsvuku eropa.
Kana paine chero maitiro, kuwedzerwa ropa kunofanira kumiswa nekukasira. Kurapa kunogona zvakare kusanganisira:
- Mishonga inoshandiswa kurapa kusagadzikana (antihistamines)
- Mishonga inoshandiswa kurapa kuzvimba uye allergies (steroids)
- Mvura inopihwa kuburikidza netsinga (intravenously)
- Mishonga yekusimudza BP kana ikadzika zvakanyanya
Kusapindirana kweABO kunogona kuva dambudziko rakakomba rinogona kukonzera rufu. Nokurapwa kwakakodzera uye nenguva, kupora kwakazara kunotarisirwa.
Matambudziko anogona kuguma anosanganisira:
- Itsvo kutadza
- Kuderera kweropa kunoda kutarisirwa kwakanyanya
- Rufu
Bata mupi wako kana iwe uchangobva kuwedzerwa ropa kana kuwedzerwa uye une zviratidzo zvekusawirirana kweABO.
Kunyatso kuyedzwa kweanopa uye anogamuchira eropa mhando usati wawedzerwa kana kuisirwa kunogona kudzivirira dambudziko iri.
Kuwedzera kweropa - hemolytic; Acute hemolytic kuwedzerwa maitiro; AHTR; Kusapindirana kweropa - ABO
- Jaundiced mucheche
- Antibodies
Kaide CG, Thompson LR. Kurapa kwekuisira: ropa uye zvigadzirwa zveropa. Mune: Roberts JR, Custalow CB, Thomsen TW, eds. Roberts uye Hedges 'Clinical Maitiro muEmergency Medicine uye Acute Kuchengeta. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chitsiko 28.
Manis JP. Zvinowanikwa muropa, kuongororwa kwevanopa ropa, uye kuwedzerwa kuwedzerwa ropa. Mu: Rifai N, ed. Tietz Chinyorwa cheKiriniki Chemistry uye Molecular Diagnostics. 6th ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2018: chits. 81.
Nester T. Ropa chikamu chekurapa uye kuwedzerwa kuwedzerwa Mune: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, eds. Conn Yazvino Therapy 2020. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: 394-400.