Chirwere cheLyme

Chirwere cheLyme hutachiona hwehutachiona hunopararira kuburikidza nekurumwa kweimwe yemhando dzinoverengeka dzezvikwekwe.

Chirwere cheLyme chinokonzerwa nehutachiona hunodaidzwa Borrelia burgdorferi (B burgdorferi). Zvikwekwe zvine nhema (zvinodaidzwa zvakare zvikwekwe zvemhembwe) zvinogona kutakura aya mabhakitiriya. Haasi ese marudzi ezvikwekwe anogona kutakura aya mabhakitiriya. Zvikwekwe zvisati zvamera zvinodaidzwa kunzi nyuti, uye anenge akayera musoro wepini. Nymphs dzinotora mabhakitiriya kana dzichifura pamakonzo madiki, senge mbeva, dzakatapukirwa B burgdorferi. Unogona chete kubatira chirwere kana warumwa nechikwekwe chine utachiona.

Chirwere cheLyme chakatanga kutaurwa muUnited States muna 1977 mutaundi reOld Lyme, Connecticut. Chirwere chimwe chete ichi chinoitika munzvimbo zhinji dzeEurope neAsia. MuUnited States, hutachiona hwakawanda hweLyme hunowanikwa munzvimbo dzinotevera:

• Maodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva, kubva kuVirginia kusvika Maine
• North-central states, kunyanya muWisconsin neMinnesota
• West Coast, kunyanya kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero

Kune matanho matatu echirwere cheLyme.

• Chikamu 1 chinonzi chirwere cheLyme chekutanga. Mabhakitiriya haasati apararira mumuviri wese.
• Chikamu chechipiri chinonzi chirwere chekutanga chakaparadzirwa cheLyme. Utachiona hwatanga kupararira mumuviri wese.
• Chikamu chechitatu chinonzi chakanonoka kuparadzirwa chirwere cheLyme. Mabhakitiriya akapararira mumuviri wese.

Njodzi dzinokonzera chirwere cheLyme dzinosanganisira:

• Kuita zvekunze zviitiko zvinowedzera kuburitswa nechikwekwe (semuenzaniso, kurima gadheni, kuvhima, kana kufamba musango) munzvimbo inowanikwa chirwere cheLyme
• Kuva nechipfuwo chinogona kutakura zvikwekwe zvine hutachiona kumba
• Kufamba muhuswa hwakareba munzvimbo dzinowanikwa chirwere cheLyme

Zvakakosha chokwadi nezve kurumwa nechikwekwe uye chirwere cheLyme:

• Chishambwe chinofanirwa kunamirwa pamuviri wako kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana kusvika makumi matatu nematanhatu kuitira kuti utambanudzire hutachiona muropa rako.
• Matiki eblacklegged anogona kunge ari madiki zvekuti anenge asingakwanise kuona. Vanhu vazhinji vane chirwere cheLyme havatomboona kana kunzwa chinobata pamuviri wavo.
• Vanhu vazhinji vanorumwa nechikwekwe havawani chirwere cheLyme.

Zviratidzo zvechirwere chekutanga cheLyme (nhanho 1) chinotanga mazuva kana mavhiki mushure mekutapukirwa. Ivo vakafanana nefuruu uye inogona kusanganisira:

• Fivha uye kutonhora
• Kazhinji kurwara kunzwa
• Kutemwa nemusoro
• Joint kurwadziwa
• Kutambudzika kwemhasuru
• Mutsipa wakaoma

Panogona kunge paine "ziso renzombe" kuputika, nzvimbo yakati sandara kana yakasimudzwa zvishoma tsvuku panzvimbo yekurumwa kwechikwekwe. Kazhinji pane nzvimbo yakajeka pakati. Inogona kuve yakakura uye ichiwedzera saizi. Rash iyi inonzi erythema migrans. Pasina kurapwa, inogona kupedza vhiki ina kana kupfuura.

Zviratidzo zvinogona kuuya uye kuenda. Isina kurapwa, hutachiona hunogona kupararira kuuropi, mwoyo, uye majoini.

Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvakaparadzirwa chirwere cheLyme (danho rechipiri) chinogona kuitika mavhiki kusvika kumwedzi mushure mekurumwa kwechikwekwe, uye zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Unhu kana kurwadziwa munzvimbo yenzara
• Kuoma mitezo kana kushaya simba mumhasuru dzechiso
• Zvinetso zvemwoyo, zvakadai sekusvetuka kwemwoyo (palpitations), kurwadziwa kwepfupa, kana kufema kwekufema

Zviratidzo zvekunonoka kuparadzirwa chirwere cheLyme (danho rechitatu) chinogona kuitika mwedzi kana makore mushure mehutachiona. Zviratidzo zvakajairika kurwadziwa uye mhasuru. Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Kusanzwisisika kwemhasuru kufamba
• Joint kuzvimba
• Tsvina kushaya simba
• Unhu uye kurira
• Zvinetso zvekutaura
• Kufunga (kufungisisa) matambudziko

Kuongororwa kweropa kunogona kuitwa kutarisa maantibhakitiriya kune mabhakitiriya anokonzera chirwere cheLyme. Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa ndeye ELISA yeLyme chirwere bvunzo. Bvunzo yeunobhemoblot inoitwa kuratidza ELISA mhedzisiro. Ziva, zvakadaro, mune yekutanga nhanho yehutachiona, kuongororwa kweropa kunogona kuve kwakajairika. Zvakare, kana iwe ukarapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya mukutanga nhanho, muviri wako unogona kusakwanisa kuita ma antibodies akakwana kuti aonekwe nekuongororwa kweropa.

Munzvimbo umo chirwere cheLyme chinowanzoitika, mupi wako wezvehutano anogona kukwanisa kuongorora chirwere chekutanga chakaparadzirwa cheLyme (Chikamu chechipiri) pasina kuita chero bvunzo dzebhu.

Mimwe bvunzo inogona kuitwa kana hutachiona hwapararira hunosanganisira:

• Electrocardiogram
• Echocardiogram kutarisa pamwoyo
• MRI yeuropi
• Spinal tap (lumbar puncture kuongorora musana wemvura)

Vanhu vakarumwa nechikwekwe vanofanirwa kutariswa zvakanyanya kwemazuva makumi matatu kuti vaone kana mapundu kana zviratidzo zvichikura.

Muyero mumwe chete wemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya doxycycline unogona kupihwa mumwe munhu achangorumwa nechikwekwe, kana zvese izvi zviri zvechokwadi:

• Munhu wacho ane chikwekwe chinogona kutakura chirwere cheLyme chakabatanidzwa nemuviri wake. Izvi zvinowanzoreva kuti mukoti kana chiremba akatarisa ndokuona chikwekwe.
• Chikwekwe ichi chinofungidzirwa kuti chakabatanidzwa kumunhu kwemaawa makumi matatu nemasere.
• Munhu anokwanisa kutanga kutora mushonga unouraya utachiona mukati memaawa makumi manomwe nemaviri ekubvisa chishambwe.
• Munhu wacho ane makore masere zvichikwira uye haana nhumbu kana kuyamwisa.
• Yenharaunda rate yezvikwekwe zvinotakura B burgdorferi iri 20% kana kupfuura.

Kosi yemazuva gumi kusvika kumavhiki mana emishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inoshandiswa kurapa vanhu vanoonekwa kuti vane chirwere cheLyme, zvichienderana nesarudzo yemushonga:

• Kusarudzwa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kunoenderana padanho rechirwere uye zviratidzo.
• Sarudzo dzakajairika dzinosanganisira doxycycline, amoxicillin, azithromycin, cefuroxime, uye ceftriaxone.

Mishonga yemarwadzo, senge ibuprofen, dzimwe nguva inorayirwa kuomarara kwekubatana.

Kana ikabatwa mumatanho ekutanga, chirwere cheLyme chinogona kurapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Pasina kurapwa, matambudziko anosanganisira majoini, moyo, uye huta hurongwa zvinogona kuitika. Asi zviratidzo izvi zvichiri kurapwa uye kurapwa.

Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitika, munhu anoramba aine zviratidzo zvinokanganisa hupenyu hwezuva nezuva mushure mekurapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Izvi zvinozivikanwa zvakare seye post-Lyme chirwere chirwere. Chinokonzera chirwere ichi hachizivikanwi.

Zviratidzo zvinoitika mushure mekumiswa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya zvinogona kunge zvisiri zviratidzo zvehutachiona hwehutachiona uye zvinogona kusapindura kurapwa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.

Stage 3, kana kunonoka kuparadzirwa, chirwere cheLyme chinogona kukonzeresa kwenguva refu kuzvimba kubatana (Lyme arthritis) uye nemoyo mutinhimira matambudziko. Brain uye nervous system matambudziko anogona zvakare, uye anogona kusanganisira:

• Kupera kwekufungisisa
• Matambudziko ekurangarira
• Tsinga kukuvara
• Unhu
• Kurwadziwa
• Kuoma mitezo yemasuru kumeso
• Matambudziko ekurara
• Matambudziko ekuona

Fonera mupiki wako kana iwe uine:

• Hombe huru, tsvuku, inowedzera iyo inogona kutaridzika seziso renzombe.
• Aive nechikwekwe kuruma uye kukudziridza kushaya simba, chiveve, kurira, kana matambudziko emoyo.
• Zviratidzo zvechirwere cheLyme, kunyanya kana iwe ungangodaro wakaratidzirwa nezvikwekwe.

Tora matanho ekudzivirira kurumwa nezvikwekwe. Ngwarira zvakanyanya mukati memwedzi inodziya. Pazvinogoneka, dzivisa kufamba kana kukwira musango nenzvimbo dzine huswa hwakakwirira.

Kana iwe uchifamba kana kukwira munzvimbo idzi, tora matanho ekudzivirira kurumwa nezvikwekwe:

• Pfeka mbatya dzakatsvuka kuti kana zvikwekwe zvikamira pauri, zvionekwe uye zvobviswa.
• Pfekai mahembe marefu uye mabhurugwa marefu ane makumbo epant akasungirirwa mumasokisi ako.
• Tsvina ganda rakashama uye zvipfeko zvako nemishonga inodzora, senge DEET kana permethrin. Tevedza rairo pamudziyo.
• Mushure mekudzoka kumba, bvisa mbatya dzako uye nyatsoongorora nzvimbo dzese dzeganda, kusanganisira ganda rako. Shambidza nekukurumidza sezvazvinogona kushambidza chero zvipi nezvipi zvisingaonekwe.

Kana chikwekwe chakanamatira pauri, tevera nhanho idzi kuti ubvise:

• Bata chishambwe padyo nemusoro wayo kana mukanwa nezvidimbu. Usashandise minwe yako isina chinhu. Kana zvichidikanwa, shandisa tishu kana pepa tauro.
• Dhonza iyo yakananga nekunonoka uye kusimba kufamba. Dzivisa kusvina kana kupwanya chikwekwe. Ive nekuchengera kuti usasiye musoro wakadzika mukati meganda.
• Chenesa nzvimbo yacho zvakakwana nesipo nemvura. Nyatsogeza maoko ako.
• Sevha chishambwe muhari.
• Tarisa zvakanyatsonaka kwevhiki rinotevera kana maviri ezviratidzo zvechirwere cheLyme.
• Kana zvikamu zvese zvechikwekwe zvisingakwanise kubviswa, tsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba. Uya nechikwekwe muhari kuna chiremba wako.

Borreliosis; Bannwarth chirwere

• Chirwere cheLyme - chii chekubvunza chiremba wako

• Chirwere cheLyme muviri - Borrelia burgdorferi
• Tiki - mhembwe dzakasungwa paganda
• Chirwere cheLyme - Borrelia burgdorferi muviri
• Tick, mhembwe - mukuru mukadzi
• Chirwere cheLyme
• Chirwere cheLyme - erythema migrans
• Tertiary lyme chirwere

Nzvimbo dzeDzidziso Yekudzora webhusaiti. Chirwere cheLyme. www.dc.gov/lyme. Yakagadziridzwa Zvita 16, 2019. Yakasvika muna Kubvumbi 7, 2020.

Steere AC. Chirwere cheLyme (Lyme borreliosis) nekuda kweBorrelia burgdorferi. Mune: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, uye Bennett's Maitiro uye Maitiro Ezvirwere zvinotapukira. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsama 241.

Wormser GP. Chirwere cheLyme. Mune: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Mushonga. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsiko 305.