Anthrax

Anthrax chirwere chinotapukira chinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya rinonzi Bacillus anthracis. Utachiona muvanhu kazhinji hunosanganisira ganda, dumbu, kana mapapu.

Anthrax inowanzo bata zvipuka zvine makumbo zvakaita semakwai, mombe nembudzi. Vanhu vanosangana nemhuka dzine hutachiona vanogona kurwara nechigwadara zvakare.

Kune nzira nhatu huru dzehutachiona hwechigwadara: ganda (rakachekwa), mapapu (inhalation), uye muromo (gastrointestinal).

Chidimbu chechigwadara chinoitika apo nhomba (anthrax spores) inopinda mumuviri kuburikidza nekucheka kana kupara paganda.

• Ndiro rudzi rwehutachiona hwechigwadara.
• Njodzi huru kubata nematehwe emhuka kana vhudzi, zvigadzirwa zvemabhonzo, nemvere dzemakwai, kana nemhuka dzine hutachiona. Vanhu vari panjodzi yeAnthrax inocheka inosanganisira vanoshanda mumapurazi, varapi vezvipfuyo, matani, nevashandi vemvere.

Inhalation anthrax inoitika apo chihosho chinopinda mumapapu kuburikidza nemumhepo. Iyo inowanzo kondirakiti apo vashandi vanofema mumhepo inoputika anthrax spores panguva yekuita senge kusungisa matehwe uye kugadzirisa shinda.

Kufemeruka muzvikwambo zvinoreva kuti munhu akafumurwa nechigwadara. Asi hazvireve kuti munhu anenge aine zviratidzo.

• Iyo bhakitiriya spores inofanirwa kumera kana kutumbuka (nenzira imwechete iyo mbeu inomera musati simera) chisati chaitika chirwere chaicho. Maitiro aya anowanzo tora 1 kusvika kumazuva matanhatu.
• Kana dzangomera, dzinoburitsa zvinhu zvine muchetura zvakati wandei. Izvi zvinhu zvinokonzeresa kubuda ropa mukati, kuzvimba, uye kufa kwetishu.

Gastrointestinal anthrax inoitika kana mumwe munhu achidya nyama yakasviba nechigwadara.

Jekiseni anthrax inogona kuitika kune mumwe munhu anobaya heroin.

Anthrax inogona kushandiswa sechombo chehupenyu kana bioterrorism.

Zviratidzo zvechigwadara zvinosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwechigwadara.

Zviratidzo zvechirwere cheanthrax chinotanga mazuva 1 kusvika ku7 mushure mekuratidzwa:

• Chironda chinoruma chinotanga kufanana nekurumwa netupukanana. Ronda iri rinogona kuita mhoni uye nekugadzira donda dema (rinorwadza kana eschar).
• Iyo ronda kazhinji haina kurwadziwa, asi inowanzo kukomberedzwa nekuzvimba.
• Gavhuna rinowanzo gadzira, rozooma robva radonha mukati memasvondo maviri Kuporesa kwakakwana kunogona kutora nguva yakareba.

Zviratidzo zve inhalation anthrax:

• Inotanga nefivha, malaise, kutemwa nemusoro, kukosora, kufema nekurwadziwa pachipfuva
• Fivha uye kuvhunduka zvinogona kuitika mushure

Zviratidzo zvemudumbu anthrax zvinowanzoitika mukati mevhiki rimwe uye zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Marwadzo emudumbu
• Manyoka eropa
• Manyoka
• Kupindwa nechando
• Maronda emuromo
• Kushungurudza uye kurutsa (marutsi anogona kunge aine ropa)

Zviratidzo zvejojo ​​anthrax zvakafanana nechero anthrax. Uye zvakare, iro ganda kana mhasuru pasi peiyo jekiseni saiti inogona kutapukirwa.

Anopa hutano anozoongorora muviri.

Iyo bvunzo yekuongorora anthrax inoenderana nerudzi rwechirwere chinofungidzirwa.

Tsika yeganda, uye dzimwe nguva bhiopsy, inoitwa pane maronda eganda. Muenzaniso unotariswa pasi pe microscope kuti uone hutachiona hwechigwadara.

Miedzo inogona kusanganisira:

• Tsika yeropa
• Chest CT scan kana chipfuva x-ray
• Spinal tap kuti utarise hutachiona hwakatenderedza chikamu chemuzongoza
• Sputum tsika

Dzimwe bvunzo dzinogona kuitwa pane yakasviba kana yeropa sampuli.

Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inowanzo shandiswa kurapa chigwadara. Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inogona kupihwa inosanganisira penicillin, doxycycline, uye ciprofloxacin.

Inhalation anthrax inorapwa pamwe nekubatanidzwa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya yakadai se ciprofloxacin pamwe nemumwe mushonga. Ivo vanopihwa ne IV (intravenously). Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inowanzo kutorwa kwemazuva makumi matanhatu nekuti inogona kutora mhodzi inoreba kumera.

Anthrax inochekwa inorapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inotorwa nemuromo, kazhinji kwemazuva manomwe kusvika kugumi. Doxycycline uye ciprofloxacin inowanzo shandiswa.

Kana ikarapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, anthrax inocheka inogona kuve nani. Asi vamwe vanhu vasingarapwe vanogona kufa kana chigwadara chikapararira kusvika muropa.

Vanhu vane yechipiri-danho inhalation anthrax vane maonero akashata, kunyangwe nemishonga yekurwisa mabhakitiriya. Zviitiko zvakawanda muchikamu chechipiri zvinouraya.

Utachiona hwechigwadara hutachiona hunogona kupararira muropa uye hunogona kukonzera rufu.

Fonera mupiki wako kana iwe uchifunga kuti wakambosangana neanthrax kana kana ukava nezviratidzo zverudzi rwechigwadara.

Pane nzira mbiri huru dzekudzivirira anthrax.

Kune vanhu vakafumurwa neanthrax (asi vasina zviratidzo zvechirwere), vanopa vanogona kupa mishonga yekudzivirira, senge ciprofloxacin, penicillin, kana doxycycline, zvichienderana neshungu yeanthrax.

Mushonga wechigwadara unowanikwa kune vemauto uye dzimwe nhengo dzeveruzhinji. Iyo inopihwa mune akateedzana e5 doses pamusoro pemwedzi gumi nesere.

Iko hakuna inozivikanwa nzira yekuparadzira cutaneous anthrax kubva kumunhu kuenda kumunhu. Vanhu vanogara nemunhu ane anthrax inodimburwa havadi mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kunze kwekunge vaoneswawo kune imwechete sosi yeanthrax.

Chirwere cheWoolsorter; Chirwere cheRagpicker; Chirwere chechigwadara; Chirwere chemudumbu

• Chirwere chechigwadara
• Chirwere chechigwadara
• Kufema Anthrax
• Antibodies
• Bacillus anthracis

Nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza Dziviriro uye Kudzivirira webhusaiti. Anthrax. www.cdc.gov/anthrax/index.html. Yakagadziridzwa Ndira 31, 2017. Yakasvika muna Chivabvu 23, 2019.

Lucey DR, Grinberg LM. Anthrax. Mune: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Mushonga. 25th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chitsiko 294.

Martin GJ, Friedlander AM. Bacillus anthracis (chigwadara). Mune: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, uye Bennett's Maitiro uye Maitiro Ezvirwere zvinotapukira. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsiko 207.