Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis chirwere chinotapukira chinoparadzirwa nekurumwa neshiriveve yechikadzi.

Leishmaniasis inokonzerwa netupukanana tudiki kanonzi leishmania protozoa. Protozoa zvipuka zvine sero rimwe.

Mhando dzakasiyana dze leishmaniasis ndeidzi:

• Cutaneous leishmaniasis inokanganisa ganda uye mucous membranes. Maronda eganda anowanzo kutanga panzvimbo yekurumwa nesandfly. Mune vanhu vashoma, maronda anogona kukura pane mucous membranes.
• Systemic, kana visceral, leishmaniasis inokanganisa muviri wese. Fomu iri rinoitika mushure memwedzi miviri kusvika misere mushure mekunge munhu arumwa nesandfly. Vanhu vazhinji havayeuke kuva neganda rinorwadza. Iyi fomu inogona kutungamira kumatambudziko anouraya. Utachiona uhwu hunokanganisa immune system kuburikidza nekuderedza huwandu hwemaseru-anorwisa masero.

Mhosva dze leishmaniasis dzakataurwa kumakondinendi ese kunze kweAustralia neAntarctica. MuAmerica, chirwere ichi chinogona kuwanikwa muMexico neSouth America. Izvo zvataurwawo mumasoja anodzoka kubva kuPersian Gulf.

Zviratidzo zvekucheka leishmaniasis zvinoenderana nekuti pane maronda uye anogona kusanganisira:

• Kufema kunetseka
• Maronda eganda, ayo anogona kuve chironda cheganda chinopora zvishoma nezvishoma
• Mhuno yakasindimara, inomhanya mhino, uye nemhino dzemhino
• Kumedza kuoma
• Maronda uye kupfeka kure (kukanganiswa) mumuromo, rurimi, matadza, miromo, mhuno, uye nemukati mhino

Systemic visceral hutachiona muvana kazhinji inotanga kamwe kamwe ne:

• Kukosora
• Manyoka
• Kupindwa nechando
• Kusvipa

Vakuru vanowanzove nefivha kwemavhiki maviri kusvika kumwedzi miviri, pamwe nezviratidzo zvakaita sekuneta, kushaya simba, uye kurasikirwa nenzara. Kushaya simba kunowedzera apo chirwere ichi chiri kuwedzera.

Zvimwe zviratidzo zve systemic visceral leishmaniasis inogona kusanganisira:

• Kusuruvara kwepamuviri
• Fivha inogara kwemavhiki; inogona kuuya uye kuenda mumatunhu
• Night sweats
• Scaly, grey, rima, ganda reashen
• Kucheka bvudzi
• Kuonda

Mutapi wako wezvehutano anokuongorora uye aone kuti yako spleen, chiropa, uye lymph node zvakawedzerwa. Iwe uchabvunzwa kana iwe uchirangarira uchirumwa nesanduri kana kana iwe wanga uri munzvimbo ine leishmaniasis yakajairika.

Miedzo inogona kuitwa kuti uongorore mamiriro acho inosanganisira:

• Biopsy yesle uye tsika
• Bone marora biopsy uye tsika
• Kutungamira kuwedzeredza assay
• Yakananga immunofluorescent antibody bvunzo
• Leishmania-yakatarwa PCR bvunzo
• Chiropa biopsy uye tsika
• Lymph node biopsy uye tsika
• Montenegro ganda bvunzo (haina kubvumidzwa muUnited States)
• Ganda biopsy uye tsika

Mimwe bvunzo inogona kuitwa inosanganisira:

• Yakazara kuverenga ropa
• Kuedzwa kweSerologic
• Serum albumin
• Serum immunoglobulin mazinga
• Serum protein

Antimony-ine macomputer ndiyo mishonga mikuru inoshandiswa kurapa leishmaniasis. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Meglumine inopesana
• Sodium stibogluconate

Mimwe mishonga inogona kushandiswa inosanganisira:

• Amphotericin B
• Ketoconazole
• Miltefosine
• Paromomycin
• Pentamidine

Kuvhiya kwepurasitiki kunogona kudikanwa kugadzirisa hurema hunokonzerwa nemaronda kumeso (cutaneous leishmaniasis).

Mari yekurapa yakakwira nemushonga wakakodzera, kunyanya kana kurapwa kukatangwa kusati kwachinjisa immune system. Cutaneous leishmaniasis inogona kutungamira mukushomeka.

Rufu runowanzo kukonzerwa nematambudziko (senge zvimwe hutachiona), pane kubva pachirwere chaicho. Rufu runowanzoitika mukati memakore maviri.

Leishmaniasis inogona kutungamira kune inotevera:

• Kubuda ropa (kubuda ropa)
• Zvirwere zvinouraya nekuda kwekukuvara kwe immune system
• Kushatiswa kwechiso

Bata mupi wako kana iwe uine zviratidzo zve leishmaniasis mushure mekushanyira nzvimbo iyo chirwere chinozivikanwa kuti chingaitika.

Kutora matanho ekudzivirira kurumwa nesandfly kunogona kubatsira kudzivirira leishmaniasis:

• Kuisa mesh yakanaka yekukomberedza pamubhedha (munzvimbo dzinowanikwa chirwere)
• Kuongorora windows
• Kupfeka mishonga inodzinga zvipembenene
• Kupfeka mbatya dzekudzivirira

Matanho ehutano eruzhinji ekudzora sandflies akakosha. Hakuchina mishonga kana mishonga inodzivirira leishmaniasis.

Kala-azar; Cutaneous leishmaniasis; Visceral leishmaniasis; Nyika yekare leishmaniasis; Nyika itsva leishmaniasis

• Leishmaniasis
• Leishmaniasis, mexicana - lesion padama
• Leishmaniasis pamunwe
• Leishmania panamensis patsoka
• Leishmania panamensis - pedyo-kumusoro

Aronson NE, Copeland NK, Magill AJ. Leishmania marudzi: visceral (kala-azar), akacheka, uye mucosal leishmaniasis. Mune: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, uye Bennett's Principles uye Practice yeInfectious Diseases, Yakagadziridzwa Edhisheni. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2020: chitsiko 275.

Bogitsh BJ, Carter CE, Oeltmann TN. Ropa uye zvinyama protistans I: hemoflagellates. Mune: Bogitsh BJ, Carter CE, Oeltmann TN, eds. Yevanhu Parasitology. 5 ed. London, UK: Elsevier Dzidzo Press; 2019: chits.