Matambudziko ekutaura - vana

Dambudziko rekutaura mamiriro ezvinhu umo munhu ane matambudziko ekugadzira kana kuumba matauriro ekutaura anodikanwa kuti ataure nevamwe. Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti kutaura kwemwana kuve kwakaoma kunzwisisa.

Matambudziko akajairika ekutaura ndeaya:

• Matambudziko ekutaura
• Phonological matambudziko
• Kusaziva
• Kushungurudzika kwezwi kana kusagadzikana kwesoni

Dambudziko rekutaura rakasiyana nematambudziko emitauro muvana. Matambudziko emitauro anoreva munhu anonetseka ne:

• Kuendesa zvarinoreva kana meseji kune vamwe (mutauro unotaurisa)
• Kunzwisisa iro meseji rinouya kubva kune vamwe (mutauro unogamuchira)

Kutaura ndiyo imwe yenzira huru dzatinotaurirana nevaya vakatikomberedza. Inokura zvakasikwa, pamwe nezvimwe zviratidzo zvekukura uye kukura. Kukanganisika kwekutaura nemutauro zvakajairika muzera rekuchikoro vana.

Kukanganisa kushushikana uko munhu anodzokorora ruzha, izwi, kana chirevo. Kudzandama kunogona kunge kuri iko kusaziva kwakanyanya. Inogona kukonzerwa ne:

• Genetic kusagadzikana
• Kushungurudzika mupfungwa
• Chero kushungurudzika kuuropi kana hutachiona

Kutaura uye kusagadzikana kwephonological kunogona kuitika mune dzimwe nhengo dzemhuri. Zvimwe zvikonzero zvinosanganisira:

• Matambudziko kana shanduko muchimiro kana chimiro chetsandanyama nemapfupa zvinoshandiswa kugadzira matauriro ekutaura. Shanduko idzi dzinogona kusanganisira kutsemuka kwemukanwa uye matambudziko emazino.
• Kukuvadza kwezvikamu zvehuropi kana tsinga (senge kubva pacerebral palsy) iyo inodzora mashandiro anoita tsandanyama pamwechete kugadzira mutauro.
• Kunzwa kurasikirwa.

Matambudziko ezwi anokonzerwa nematambudziko kana mweya uchipfuura kubva mumapapu, kuburikidza netambo dzemazwi, uyezve kuburikidza nehuro, mhuno, muromo, uye miromo. Dambudziko renzwi rinogona kunge riri nekuda kwe:

• Acid kubva mudumbu ichienda kumusoro (GERD)
• Kenza yehuro
• Cleft palate kana mamwe matambudziko nemukanwa
• Mamiriro ezvinhu anokuvadza tsinga dzinopa mhasuru dzetambo dzenzwi
• Laryngeal webs kana clefts (hurema hwekuzvarwa mune iyo nhete nhete yetishu iri pakati pezwi tambo)
• Kukura kusinganzwisisike (polyps, nodules, cysts, granulomas, papillomas, kana ulcers) patambo dzemazwi.
• Kunyanya kushandisa tambo dzenzwi kubva pakuridza mhere, kugara uchichenesa huro, kana kuimba
• Kunzwa kurasikirwa

KUSANGANA

Kudzandama ndiyo mhando inowanzoitika yekusagadzikana.

Zviratidzo zvekusagadzikana zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Kudzokororwa kwemanzwi, mazwi, kana zvikamu zvemazwi kana zvirevo mushure mezera rechina (ndinoda ... ndinoda chidhori changu. Ini ... ndinokuona.)
• Kuisa mukati (kupindira) mamwe maungira kana mazwi (Takaenda ku ... uh ... chitoro.)
• Kugadzira mazwi akareba (Ndiri Boooobbby Jones.)
• Kumbomira panguva yemutsara kana mazwi, kazhinji nemiromo pamwe chete
• Makakatanwa muizwi kana ruzha
• Kushungurudzika nekuedza kutaura
• Musoro uchikwenya uku uchitaura
• Ziso kubwaira pakutaura
• Kunyadzisa nekutaura

NYAYA YAKANYANYA

Mwana haakwanise kuburitsa manzwi ekutaura zvakajeka, senge sekuti "coo" pane kuti "chikoro."

• Dzimwe ruzha (senge "r", "l", kana "s") dzinogona kuve dzakatsauswa nguva dzose kana kushandurwa (sekuita kurira kwa 's muridzo).
• Zvikanganiso zvinogona kuita kuti zviome kuti vanhu vanzwisise munhu (nhengo dzemhuri chete dzinogona kunzwisisa mwana).

KUNYANYA KWEZVIDZIDZO

Mwana haashandisi zvimwe kana ese ekutaura manzwi kugadzira mazwi sezvaanotarisirwa zera ravo.

• Izwi rekupedzisira kana rekutanga mazwi (kazhinji konzonendi) anogona kusiiwa kana kuchinjwa.
• Mwana anogona kunge asina dambudziko kududza izwi rimwe chete nemamwe mazwi (mwana anogona kuti "boo" ye "bhuku" uye "pi" ye "nguruve", asi anogona kunge asina dambudziko achiti "kiyi" kana "enda").

KUSANGANA KWEMAZWI

Mamwe matambudziko ekutaura anosanganisira:

• Hasha kana kupenga kuzwi
• Izwi rinogona kupaza kana kubuda
• Chikamu chezwi chinogona kuchinja pakarepo
• Inzwi rinogona kunge rakanyanya uye rakanyorovera
• Munhu anogona kupera mweya panguva yemutongo
• Kutaura kunganzwika kusinganzwisisike nekuti mweya wakawandisa uri kupukunyuka nepombi (hypernasality) kana mweya mushoma uri kubuda nemumhino (hyponasality)

Anopa hutano hwako anozobvunza nezve kukura kwemwana wako uye nhoroondo yemhuri. Iye mupi achaita kumwe kuongorora kwehuropi uye kutarisa:

• Kutsetsenura kwekutaura
• Chero kushungurudzika mupfungwa
• Chero mamiriro ari pasi
• Migumisiro yekusagadzikana kwekutaura pahupenyu hwezuva nezuva

Mamwe maturusi ekuongorora anoshandiswa kuona uye kuongorora kusagadzikana kwekutaura ndee:

• Denver Kujekesa Kuongorora Kuongorora.
• Leiter International Performance chiyero-3.
• Goldman-Fristoe Muedzo weKutaura 3 (GFTA-3).
• Arizona Articulation uye Phonology Scale 4th Kudzokorora (Arizona-4).
• Prosody-izwi kuongorora screen.

Kuedzwa kwekunzwa kunogona kuitwawo kutonga kurasikirwa kwekunzwa sechikonzero chekusagadzikana kwekutaura.

Vana vanogona kukura nenzira dzakareruka dzekusagadzikana kwekutaura. Rudzi rwekurapa runoenderana nekuomarara kwechirwere chekutaura uye chikonzero chayo.

Kurapa kwekutaura kunogona kubatsira nezvakanyanya zviratidzo kana chero matambudziko ekutaura asinga gadzirise.

Mukurapa, murapi anogona kudzidzisa mwana wako mashandisiro erurimi rwavo kugadzira mamwe manzwi.

Kana mwana aine dambudziko rekutaura, vabereki vanokurudzirwa ku:

• Dzivisa kutaura kunetseka kwakanyanya nezve dambudziko, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti zvinhu zviwedzere nekuita kuti mwana awedzere kuzvifunga.
• Dzivisa kushushikana munharaunda mamiriro pazvinogoneka.
• Teerera nemoyo murefu kumwana, ita kumeso, usakanganisa, uye kuratidza rudo uye kugamuchirwa. Dzivisa kupedzisa mitongo kwavari.
• Sarudza nguva yekutaura.

Masangano anotevera zviwanikwa zvakanaka zvekuziva nezve dambudziko rekutaura uye kurapwa kwaro:

• American Institute yekukakama - stutteringtreatment.org
• American Kutaura-Mutauro-Kunzwa Sangano (ASHA) - www.asha.org/
• Iyo Stuttering Foundation - www.stutteringhelp.org
• Sangano reNational Stuttering Association (NSA) - westutter.org

Maonero anotarisana nechikonzero chechirwere. Kutaura kunogona kazhinji kuvandudzwa nemushonga wekutaura. Kurapa kwekutanga kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro iri nani.

Kukanganisa kwekutaura kunogona kutungamira kumatambudziko nekudyidzana kwevanhu nekuda kwekuomerwa kutaura.

Fonera wako mupi wezvehutano kana:

• Kutaura kwemwana wako hakusi kusimukira zvinoenderana nezviitiko zvakajairika.
• Iwe unofunga kuti mwana wako ari muboka rine njodzi huru.
• Mwana wako ari kuratidza zviratidzo zvekusagadzikana kwekutaura.

Kunzwa kurasikirwa chinhu chinokanganisa kusagadzikana kwekutaura. Vachiri panjodzi vacheche vanofanirwa kuendeswa kune anoteedzera bvunzo yekunzwa. Kunzwa uye kurapa kwekutaura kunogona kutanga, kana zvichidikanwa.

Sezvo vana vadiki pavanotanga kutaura, kumwe kusagadzikana kunowanzoitika, uye kazhinji yenguva, kunoenda pasina kurapwa. Kana iwe ukaisa ngwariro yakawandisa pane kusagadzikana, maitiro ekukakama anogona kutanga.

Kushomeka kwekutaura; Articulation kusagadzikana; Phonological kusagadzikana; Kusagadzikana kwezwi; Matambudziko ezwi; Kusagadzikana; Kutaurirana kusagadzikana - kutaura kusagadzikana; Kutaura kwekutaura - kudzedzereka; Kurongedza; Anondandama; Udiki hunotanga kutenderera kusagadzikana

American Speech-Mutauro-Kunzwa Association webhusaiti. Matambudziko ezwi. www.asha.org/Practice-Portal/Clinical-Topics/Voice-Disorders/. Yakasvika muna Ndira 1, 2020.

Simms MD. Kukurudzira mutauro uye matambudziko ekutaurirana. Mune: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Chinyorwa chePediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chits. 52.

Trauner DA, Nass RD. Kukura kwemitauro kusagadzikana. Mune: Swaiman KF, Ashwal S, Ferriero DM, et al, eds. Swaiman's Pediatric Neurology: Misimboti uye Maitiro. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: chits. 53.

Zajac DJ. Kuongorora uye manejimendi ekusagadzikana kwekutaura kwemurwere ane cleft palate. Mune: Fonseca RJ, ed. Oral uye Maxillofacial Kuvhiya. 3rd ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2018: chits. 32.