Urema hwekuziva

Kuremara kwehungwaru mamiriro akaonekwa pamberi pemakore gumi nemasere anosanganisira pazasi-avhareji mashandiro epfungwa uye kushomeka kwehunyanzvi hunodiwa pakurarama kwezuva nezuva.

Munguva yakapfuura, izwi rekuti kudzikira kwepfungwa raishandiswa kutsanangura mamiriro aya. Izwi iri harichashandiswi.

Kuremara kwehungwaru kunokanganisa 1% kusvika 3% yevagari. Kune zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekuremara kwepfungwa, asi vanachiremba vanowana chikonzero chakanangana ne25% yezviitiko.

Njodzi zvinhu zvine chekuita nezvakakonzera. Zvinokonzera kuremara kwepfungwa zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Zvirwere (zviripo pakuberekwa kana kuitika mushure mekuberekwa)
• Chromosomal kusagadzikana (senge Down syndrome)
• Zvakatipoteredza
• Metabolic (senge hyperbilirubinemia, kana yakakwira kwazvo bilirubin mazinga mucheche)
• Nutritional (senge kushaya zvinovaka muviri)
• Inotyisa (intrauterine kuratidzwa nedoro, cocaine, amphetamines, uye zvimwe zvinodhaka)
• Dambudziko (asati aberekwa uye aberekwa)
• Zvisingatsanangurike (vanachiremba havazivi chikonzero chehurema hwemunhu)

Semhuri, unogona kufungidzira kuti mwana wako ane hurema hwepfungwa kana mwana wako aine chero chinotevera:

• Kushaikwa kana kunonoka kukura kwehunyanzvi hwemotokari, hunyanzvi hwemutauro, uye hunyanzvi hwekuzvibatsira, kunyanya kana uchienzaniswa nevezera rako
• Kukundikana kukura pakufunga kana kuenderera kwehunhu-senge hunhu
• Kushaikwa kwekuda kuziva
• Zvinetso zvekuchengeta chikoro
• Kukundikana kuchinjika (chinja kune mamiriro matsva)
• Zvakaoma kunzwisisa uye kutevedzera yemagariro mitemo

Zviratidzo zvekuremara kwehungwaru zvinogona kubva pane zvinyoro kusvika kune zvakanyanya.

Yekuvandudza bvunzo inowanzo shandiswa kuyedza mwana:

• Abnormal Denver yekuvandudza kuongorora bvunzo
• Adaptive Behaeve mamaki pazasi avhareji
• Kubudirira nzira pazasi peiyo vezera
• Intelligence quotient (IQ) mamakisi pazasi makumi manomwe pamatanho akaenzana eIQ

Chinangwa chekurapa ndechekusimudzira kugona kwemunhu kuzere. Dzidzo yakakosha uye kurovedzwa kunogona kutanga kubva paucheche. Izvi zvinosanganisira hunyanzvi hwemagariro kubatsira munhu kuti ashande seyakajairika sezvinobvira.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti nyanzvi iongorore munhu wacho kune mamwe matambudziko epanyama uye epfungwa. Vanhu vane hurema hwepfungwa vanowanzo betserwa nezano rehunhu.

Kurukura nezvekurapa kwemwana wako uye nzira dzekutsigira nemupi wako wekuchengetedza hutano kana mushandi wezvemagariro kuitira kuti ugone kubatsira mwana wako kuwana kugona kwavo kuzere.

Izvi zviwanikwa zvinogona kupa rumwe ruzivo:

• American Association paIntellectual uye Kubudirira Kuremara - www.aaidd.org
• Iyo Arc - www.thearc.org
• Sangano reNational Association for Down Syndrome - www.nads.org

Mhedzisiro inoenderana ne:

• Kusimba uye chikonzero chehurema hwepfungwa
• Mamwe mamiriro
• Kurapa uye kurapwa

Vanhu vazhinji vanorarama hupenyu hunobudirira uye vanodzidza kushanda vega. Vamwe vanoda nharaunda yakarongeka kuti ibudirire.

Fonera mupiki wako kana:

• Iwe une chero zvinonetsa pamusoro pekukura kwemwana wako
• Unocherekedza kuti mota yemota kana hunyanzvi hwemutauro hazvisi kukura zvakajairika
• Mwana wako ane zvimwe zvinetso zvinoda kurapwa

Genetic. Kurairidzwa kwemageneti uye kuongororwa panguva yekuzvitakura kunogona kubatsira vabereki kunzwisisa njodzi nekuita zvirongwa nesarudzo.

Zvemagariro. Zvirongwa zvekudya zvinovaka muviri zvinogona kudzikisira hurema hunowanikwa nekushaya chikafu. Kupindira kwekutanga mumamiriro ezvinhu anosanganisira kushungurudzwa uye hurombo zvinobatsira zvakare.

Chepfu. Kudzivirira kusangana nemutobvu, mercury, uye nezvimwe zvine chepfu zvinoderedza njodzi yekuremara. Kudzidzisa vakadzi nezve njodzi dzedoro uye zvinodhaka panguva yekuzvitakura zvinogona kubatsira kudzikisa njodzi.

Zvirwere zvinotapukira. Zvimwe hutachiona zvinogona kutungamira mukuremara kwepfungwa. Kudzivirira izvi zvirwere kunoderedza njodzi. Semuenzaniso, rubella syndrome inogona kudzivirirwa kuburikidza nekudzivirira. Kudzivisa kusangana nekatsi nduru izvo zvinogona kukonzera toxoplasmosis panguva yekuzvitakura kunobatsira kudzikamisa hurema kubva kuhutachiona.

Intellectual developmental disorder; Kudzora pfungwa

American Psychiatric Association. Urema hwekuziva. Kuongorora uye Statistical Manual yeMental Dambudziko. 5 ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013: 33-41.

Shapiro BK, O'Neill INI. Kukura kunonoka uye kuremara kwepfungwa. Mune: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Chinyorwa chePediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chits. 53.