Intersex
Intersex iboka remamiriro ezvinhu pane musiyano uripakati pemitezo yekunze neyekunze (machende nemazai).
Izwi rekare reichi chiitiko hermaphroditism. Kunyangwe mazwi ekare achiri kuiswa muchinyorwa chino kuti chitaurwe, vakatsiviwa nenyanzvi zhinji, varwere nemhuri. Nekuwedzera, iri boka remamiriro arikunzi kunetseka kwekusimudzira bonde (DSDs).
Intersex inogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zvina:
- 46, XX inopindirana
- 46, XY kusangana
- Chokwadi gonadal intersex
- Yakaomeswa kana isina kugadziriswa intersex
Imwe neimwe inokurukurwa zvakadzama pazasi.
Ongorora: Muvana vazhinji, iyo chikonzero che intersex chinogona kuramba chisina kugadziriswa, kunyangwe neazvino maitiro ekuongorora.
46, XX INTERSEX
Munhu wacho ane ma chromosomes emukadzi, ovha yemukadzi, asi zvekunze (zvekunze) sikarudzi dzinoonekwa semurume. Izvi zvinowanzoitika mhedzisiro yehunhu hwechikadzi hwakafumurwa kune akawandisa mahormone echirume asati aberekwa. Labia ("miromo" kana makanda eganda emitezo yevakadzi vekunze) fiyuzi, uye clitoris inowedzera kuita kunge nhengo yemurume. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, munhu uyu ane dumbu chairo uye fallopian machubhu. Aya mamiriro anonzi zvakare 46, XX ine virilization. Yaimbodaidzwa kunzi mukadzi pseudohermaphroditism. Pane zvikonzero zvinoverengeka zvinogona kuitika:
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (chinonyanya kukonzera).
- Mahormone echirume (senge testosterone) akatorwa kana kusangana naamai panguva yekuzvitakura.
- Male mahormone-anogadzira mamota muna amai: Aya anowanzo kuve mamota emota. Vanamai vane vana vane 46, XX intersex vanofanirwa kuongororwa kunze kwekunge paine chimwe chikonzero chakajeka.
- Kushomeka kweAromatase: Iyi inogona kunge isingaoneke kusvika pakuyaruka. Aromatase enzyme inowanzo shandura mahormone echirume kuita echikadzi mahormone. Zvakawandisa aromatase chiitiko zvinogona kutungamira kune yakawandisa estrogen (mukadzi mahormone); zvishoma kudiki kune 46, XX intersex. Pakuyaruka, ava vana XX, avo vakarerwa sevasikana, vanogona kutanga kutora hunhu hwechirume.
46, XY INTERSEX
Munhu wacho ane ma chromosomes emurume, asi nhengo dzekunze hadzina kuumbwa, dzinopokana, kana kuti dzinojeka mukadzi. Mukati, testes inogona kunge yakajairika, isina kuumbwa, kana kusavapo. Aya mamiriro anonzi zvakare 46, XY ne undervirilization. Yaimbove inonzi murume pseudohermaphroditism. Kuumbwa kweyakajairika nhengo dzekunze dzekunze kunoenderana neyakaenzana pakati pehurume nehadzi mahormone. Naizvozvo, zvinoda kugadzirwa kwakakwana uye mashandiro emahomoni echirume. 46, XY intersex ine zvakawanda zvinogona kukonzeresa:
- Matambudziko nema testes: Iwo ma testes anowanzo gadzira echirume mahormone. Kana iwo ma testes akasanoumba zvakanaka, zvinotungamira mukusagadzikana. Pane zvikonzero zvinoverengeka zveizvi, kusanganisira XY yakachena gonadal dysgenesis.
- Zvinetso nekuumbwa kwe testosterone: Testosterone inoumbwa kuburikidza nenhanho yematanho. Imwe yeaya matanho inoda imwe enzyme. Kukanganisa mune chero eaya maenzyme kunogona kukonzeresa kukwana testosterone uye kuburitsa imwe hosha ye46, XY intersex. Mhando dzakasiyana dzekuzvarwa adrenal hyperplasia inogona kuwira muchikamu ichi.
- Matambudziko ekushandisa testosterone: Vamwe vanhu vane zvakajairwa bvunzo uye vanoita zvakakwana huwandu hwe testosterone, asi vachiri ne46, XY intersex nekuda kwemamiriro akaita se5-alpha-reductase kushomeka kana androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS).
- Vanhu vane 5-alpha-reductase kushomeka kushaya iyo enzyme inodiwa kushandura testosterone kuita dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Iko kune angangoita mashanu akasiyana marudzi e5-alpha-reductase kushomeka. Vamwe vevacheche vane zvakajairika genitalia, vamwe vane zvakajairika vakadzi genitalia, uye vazhinji vane chimwe chinhu pakati. Vazhinji vanochinjira kune vekunze genitalia panguva yekuyaruka.
- AIS ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera 46, XY intersex. Yakanziwo testicular feminization. Pano, mahormoni ese akajairika, asi zvinogamuchirwa kumahomoni echirume hazvishande nemazvo. Kune anopfuura zana nemakumi mashanu akasiyana hurema akave akaonekwa kusvika parizvino, uye imwe neimwe inokonzeresa imwe mhando yeAIS.
CHOKWADI GONADAL INTERSEX
Munhu wacho anofanira kunge aine zvese ovarian uye testicular tishu. Izvi zvinogona kunge zviri mune imwechete gonad (ovotestis), kana munhu wacho anogona kunge aine 1 ovary uye 1 testis. Munhu wacho anogona kunge aine ma chromosomes XX, XY chromosomes, kana ese ari maviri. Nhengo dzekunze dzinogona kunge dzakajeka kana dzingaite sedzemukadzi kana murume. Aya mamiriro akambodaidzwa kunzi echokwadi hermaphroditism. Muvanhu vazhinji vane gonadal intersex yechokwadi, chikonzero chiri pasi hachizivikanwe, kunyangwe mune zvimwe zvidzidzo zvemhuka zvakabatanidzwa nekusangana nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene.
ZVAKAKWANZANISWA KANA KUTI ZVINOGONESESWA ZVINOGONESESA ZVINONYANYA KUKUNDA DZEPABONDE
Mazhinji chromosome magadzirirwo kunze kwekureruka 46, XX kana 46, XY inogona kukonzeresa kusagadzikana kwekusimudzira bonde. Izvi zvinosanganisira 45, XO (imwe chete X chromosome), uye 47, XXY, 47, XXX - zviitiko zvacho zvese zvine chromosome yekuwedzera pabonde, ingava X kana Y. Matambudziko aya haakonzeri mamiriro apo pane musiyano pakati pemukati uye genitalia yekunze. Nekudaro, panogona kuve nezvinetso nehurume hwebonde, huwandu hwepabonde, uye nhamba dzakachinjwa dzekromosomes yebonde.
Zviratidzo zvinosanganisirwa ne intersex zvinoenderana nechikonzero chinokonzeresa. Zvinogona kusanganisira:
- Kusanzwisisika genitalia pakuzvarwa
- Micropenis
- Clitoromegaly (yakawedzera clitoris)
- Yakasarudzika labial fusion
- Zviripachena zvisingaenzaniswi miedzo (iyo inogona kuzove iri mazai) muvakomana
- Labial kana inguinal (groin) masasi (ayo anogona kuzove muyedzo) muvasikana
- Hypospadias (kuvhurwa kwepenisisi kuri kumwe kunhu kunze kwepipi; mune vanhukadzi, urethra [weti weti] inovhurika mukati memukadzi)
- Zvikasadaro kujairika-kuoneka genitalia pakuzvarwa
- Electrolyte zvisizvo
- Kunonoka kana kusavapo pakuyaruka
- Shanduko dzisingatarisirwi pakuyaruka
Iyi inotevera bvunzo uye bvunzo zvinogona kuitwa:
- Chromosome kuongorora
- Mahomoni eHormone (semuenzaniso, testosterone chikamu)
- Hormone yekusimudzira bvunzo
- Electrolyte bvunzo
- Yakananga mamorekuru kuyedzwa
- Endoscopic bvunzo (kuongorora kusavapo kana kuvapo kwemukadzi kana chibereko)
- Ultrasound kana MRI kuongorora kana nhengo dzepabonde dzemukati dziripo (semuenzaniso, chibereko)
Sezvineiwo, timu yevanamazvikokota vehutano vane hunyanzvi muInterssex vanofanirwa kushanda pamwechete kuti vanzwisise uye vabate mwana ne intersex uye vatsigire mhuri.
Vabereki vanofanirwa kunzwisisa kupokana uye shanduko pakurapa intersex mumakore achangopfuura.Munguva yakapfuura, maonero aivapo aive ekuti zvaive zvakawandisa kupa murume kana mukadzi nekukurumidza sezvazvinogona. Izvi zvaiwanzoenderana nezvekunze kwekunze pane kuita chromosomal jenda. Vabereki vakaudzwa kuti vasave nekusajeka mupfungwa dzavo nezvehunhu hwemwana. Kuvhiya kunokurumidza kwaiwanzokurudzirwa. Ovarian kana testicular turu kubva kune mumwe murume ungabviswa. Kazhinji, zvaionekwa sezviri nyore kuvakazve genitalia yevakadzi pane kushanda genitalia yechirume, saka kana sarudzo "chaiyo" yanga isiri pachena, mwana aiwanzopihwa musikana.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, maonero enyanzvi dzakawanda akachinja. Kuremekedza kukuru kuomarara kwekuita kwevakadzi pabonde kwakavatungamira kuti vafunge kuti vakadzi vechidiki vanogona kunge vasina hutano hwakanaka kupfuura hwevakadzi, kunyangwe kuvakwazve kuri "nyore." Uyezve, zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kuve zvakakosha mukugutsikana kwevanhukadzi pane kushanda nhengo dzekunze dzekunze. Chromosomal, neural, mahormone, zvepfungwa, uye maitiro ezvinhu zvese zvinogona kukanganisa kuzivikanwa kwevakadzi.
Nyanzvi zhinji ikozvino dzinokurudzira kunonoka kuvhiyiwa chaiko kwenguva yakareba sekune hutano, uye zvine hungwaru kusanganisira mwana mudanho revakadzi.
Zviripachena, intersex inyaya yakaoma, uye kurapwa kwayo kune mhedzisiro- uye kwenguva refu. Mhinduro yakanakisa inoenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda, kusanganisira chaicho chikonzero cheiyo intersex. Zvakanakisa kutora nguva yekunzwisisa zvinhu usati wamhanyira kuita sarudzo. Boka rekutsigira intersex rinogona kubatsira kuzivisa mhuri neruzivo rwechangobva kuitika, uye rinogona kupa nharaunda yemamwe mhuri, vana, uye vanhu vakuru vakatarisana nenyaya dzakafanana.
Mapoka ekutsigira akakosha kwazvo kumhuri dzinobata intersex.
Mapoka akasiyana ekutsigira anogona kusiyana mumifungo yavo maringe nemusoro wenyaya uyu. Tsvaga imwe inotsigira pfungwa dzako uye manzwiro pamusoro wenyaya.
Masangano anotevera anopa rumwe ruzivo:
- Sangano reX uye Y chromosome misiyano - genetic.org
- CARES Foundation - www.caresfoundation.org/
- Intersex Society yeNorth America - isna.org
- Turner Syndrome Society yeUnited States - www.turnersyndrome.org/
- 48, XXYY - XXYY Chirongwa - genetic.org/variations/about-xxyy/
Ndokumbira kuti uone ruzivo pamamiriro ega ega. Kufungidzira kunoenderana nechakakonzera kusangana kwepabonde. Nokunzwisisa, rutsigiro, uye kurapwa kwakaringana, kwese kutarisisa kwakanyanya.
Kana iwe ukaona kuti mwana wako ane genitalia isina kujairika kana kukura pabonde, kurukura izvi nemupi wako wezvehutano.
Kukanganisika kwekusimudzira bonde; DSDs; Pseudohermaphroditism; Hermaphroditism; Hermaphrodite
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Donohoue PA. Kukanganisika kwekusimudzira bonde. Mune: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Chinyorwa chePediatrics. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 606.
Wherrett DK. Kusvikira kumucheche ane fungidziro yekusagadzikana kwekusangana pabonde. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2015; 62 (4): 983-999. PMID: 26210628 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26210628.