Audiometry

An audiometry bvunzo inoedza kugona kwako kunzwa manzwi. Ruzha runosiyana, zvichibva pakudenga kwavo (kusimba) uye nekumhanyisa kwenzwi kudedera kwekutinhira (toni).

Kunzwa kunoitika apo masaisai ezwi anomutsa tsinga dzenzeve yemukati. Izwi rinobva rafamba nenzira dzemitsipa kuenda kuuropi.

Masaisai ezwi anogona kuenda kunzeve yemukati kuburikidza netsiva yenzeve, eardrum, uye mapfupa epakati nzeve (mweya conduction). Vanogona zvakare kupfuura nemumabhonzo kutenderedza uye kuseri kwenzeve (bone conduction).

Iko KUSIMBIKA kwezwi kunoyerwa muma decibel (dB):

• Kazevezeve ingangoita makumi maviri dB.
• Mumhanzi une ruzha (mamwe makonzati) uri pakati pe80 kusvika 120 dB.
• Iyo jet injini ingangoita 140 kusvika 180 dB.

Inzwi rakakura kupfuura 85 dB rinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kwekunzwa mushure memaawa mashoma. Ruzha rukuru runogona kukonzera kurwadziwa nekukasira, uye kurasikirwa kwekunzwa kunogona kukura munguva pfupi.

IYO TONE yezwi inoyerwa mumasekonzi pasekondi (cps) kana Hertz:

• Low bass tones anotenderera akakomberedza 50 kusvika 60 Hz.
• Shrill, matoni epamusoro-akakomberedza anotenderedza kutenderedza 10,000 Hz kana kupfuura.

Iyo yakajairwa renji yekunzwa kwevanhu ingangoita makumi maviri kusvika makumi maviri Hz. Dzimwe mhuka dzinogona kunzwa kusvika ku50,000 Hz. Kutaura kwevanhu kazhinji 500 kusvika 3,000 Hz.

Anokuchengetedza hutano anogona kuyedza nzeve dzako nemiedzo yakapfava inogona kuitwa muhofisi. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kupedzisa bhuku remibvunzo uye kuteerera kune zevezeve mazwi, kugadzira forogo, kana matoni kubva padanho rekuongorora nzeve.

Imwe nyanzvi yekugadzirisa forogo bvunzo inogona kubatsira kuona mhando yekurasikirwa kwekunzwa. Iyo fork yekugadzirisa inonyorerwa uye inobatwa mumhepo kudivi rega remusoro kuyedza kugona kunzwa nekufambisa kwemhepo. Iyo inobatwa uye inoiswa pamusoro pebhonzo kuseri kwega kwega nzeve (mastoid bone) kuyedza bone conduction.

Kuedzwa kwekunzwa kwekuteerera kunogona kupa chaiyo chaiyo nhanho yekunzwa. Miedzo yakati wandei inogona kuitwa:

• Yakachena toni kuyedza (audiogram) - Kune iyi bvunzo, iwe unopfeka maearphones anonamirwa kune audiometer. Toni dzakachena dzeimwe frequency uye vhoriyamu inoendeswa kune imwe nzeve panguva. Iwe unobvunzwa kuratidza paunonzwa ruzha. Iwo mashoma vhoriyamu anodikanwa kuti unzwe toni yega yega ndeye graphed. Chigadzirwa chinonzi bone oscillator chinoiswa chakanangana nemastoid bone kuyedza kuitisa kwemapfupa.
• Kutaura audiometry - Izvi zvinoyedza kugona kwako kuona uye kudzokorora mazwi akataurwa mumavhoriyamu akasiyana akanzwika kuburikidza nemusoro wakaiswa.
• Immittance audiometry - Uyu muyedzo unoyera mashandiro engoma yenzeve uye kuyerera kwezwi kuburikidza nepakati nzeve. Sprobe inoiswa munzeve uye mweya unoputirwa kuburikidza napo kuti uchinje kumanikidza mukati mezeve sezvo toni dzichigadzirwa. Maikorofoni inoongorora kuti ruzha runoitwa sei mukati mezeve pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakasiyana.

Hapana matanho akakosha anodikanwa.

Iko hakuna kusagadzikana. Kureba kwenguva kunosiyana. Kuongororwa kwekutanga kunogona kutora maminetsi mashanu kusvika kugumi. Yakatsanangurwa audiometry inogona kutora inenge 1 awa.

Uyu muedzo unogona kuona kurasikirwa kwekunzwa padanho rekutanga. Inogona zvakare kushandiswa kana iwe uine matambudziko ekunzwa kubva kune chero chikonzero.

Mhedzisiro mhedzisiro inosanganisira:

• Kugona kwekunzwa zevezeve, kutaura kwakajairika, uye wachi yekutekesa zvakajairika.
• Iko kugona kwekunzwa kugadziridza forogo kuburikidza nemhepo uye pfupa zvakajairika.
• Mune yakadzama audiometry, kunzwa kwakajairika kana iwe uchikwanisa kunzwa matoni kubva pa250 kusvika 8,000 Hz pa25 dB kana pasi.

Kune akawanda marudzi uye madhigirii ekurasikirwa kwekunzwa. Mune mamwe marudzi, iwe unongorasikirwa nekwanisi yekunzwa yakakwira kana yakaderera toni, kana iwe unorasikirwa chete nemhepo kana bone conduction. Iko kusakwanisa kunzwa kwakachena toni pazasi pe25 dB kunoratidza kumwe kurasikirwa kwekunzwa.

Huwandu uye mhando yekurasikirwa kwekunzwa inogona kupa humbowo kuchikonzero, uye mikana yekuwanazve kunzwa kwako.

Aya anotevera mamiriro anogona kukanganisa bvunzo mhedzisiro:

• Acoustic neuroma
• Acoustic trauma kubva kurira kwazvo kana kwakanyanya kurira kurira
• Zera-rakanangana nekurasikirwa kwekunzwa
• Alport chirwere
• Zvirwere zvezeve nzeve
• Labyrinthitis
• Chirwere cheMénière
• Kuenderera mberi uchionekwa kuruzha rukuru, senge kubasa kana kumumhanzi
• Isina kujairika bone kukura mukati epakati nzeve, inonzi otosclerosis
• Kubvaruka kana kupetwa eardrum

Iko hakuna njodzi.

Mimwe bvunzo inogona kushandiswa kuona kuti nzeve yemukati uye nzira dzehuropi zviri kushanda sei. Imwe yeiyi otoacoustic emission kuyedzwa (OAE) iyo inowona ruzha rwunopihwa nenzeve yemukati painopindura kurira. Iyi bvunzo inowanzoitwa sechikamu chevacheche kuongorora. Musoro MRI inogona kuitwa kubatsira kuongorora kurasikirwa kwekunzwa nekuda kweacoustic neuroma.

Audiometry; Kunzwa bvunzo; Vateereri (audiogram)

• Nzeve anatomy

Amundsen GA. Audiometry. Mu: Fowler GC, rakanyorwa. Pfenninger uye Fowler's Maitiro Ekutanga Kuchengeta. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsiko 59.

Kileny PR, Zwolan TA, Muranda HK. Diagnostic audiology uye electrophysiologic kuongorora kwekunzwa. Mune: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngology: Musoro uye Neck Kuvhiya. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: chitsiko 134.

Lew HL, Tanaka C, Hirohata E, Goodrich GL. Kuongorora, vestibular, uye kutadza kuona. Mune: Cifu DX, ed. Braddom's Panyama Mushonga & Rehabilitation. 5 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chitsiko 50.