Kuongorora uye kuongororwa hutachiwana hweHIV

Muzhinji, kuyedzwa kwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hweHIV (hweHIV) inzira mbiri-nhanho inosanganisira bvunzo yekuongorora uye yekutevera-bvunzo.

Kuongororwa HIV kunogona kuitwa ne:

• Dhonza ropa kubva mutsinga
• A finger prick ropa sampuro
• Yemuromo yemvura swab
• Muenzaniso weti

KUEDZA KUEDZA

Aya ndiwo mabvunzo anoongorora kana watapukirwa neHIV. Miedzo yakajairika inotsanangurwa pazasi.

Chiyero cheantibody (chinozivikanwawo kuti immunoassay) chinotarisa masoja ekudzivirira hutachiwana hweHIV. Wako wekuchengeta hutano anogona kuraira iyo bvunzo kuti iwe waite pabazi. Kana, iwe unogona kunge wakazviitira kunzvimbo yekuyedza kana kushandisa kititi chekumba. Iyi bvunzo inogona kuona masoja ekudzivirira anotanga mavhiki mashoma mushure mekutapukirwa nehutachiona. Antibody bvunzo dzinogona kuitwa uchishandisa:

• Ropa - Bvunzo iyi inoitwa nekukweva ropa kubva mutsinga, kana nekubaya kwechigunwe. Kuongororwa ropa ndiko kwakanyatso ruramisa nekuti ropa rine mwero wepamusoro wema antibodies kupfuura mamwe mvura yemumuviri.
• Oral fluid - Iyi bvunzo inoongorora maantibhakitiriya mumasero emuromo. Izvo zvinoitwa nekusvina matadza uye mukati mematama. Bvunzo iyi haina kunyatsojeka pane iyo yeropa bvunzo.
• Weti - Iyi bvunzo inoongorora maantibhakitiriya mumurini. Bvunzo iyi haina kunyatsorurama pane kuyerwa kweropa.

Ongororo yeantigen inotarisa ropa rako kuti uone utachiona hweHIV, inonzi p24. Paunotanga kutapukirwa neHIV, uye muviri wako usati wawana mukana wekugadzira masoja ekudzivirira hutachiona, ropa rako rine mwero wepamusoro p24. Iyo p24 antigen bvunzo ndeyechokwadi mazuva gumi nemana kusvika pamwedzi mumwe mushure mekutapukirwa. Bvunzo iyi haiwanzoshandiswa pachayo kuongorora hutachiona hweHIV.

Anorwisa mabhakitiriya-antigen ropa bvunzo dzinoongorora mwero wezvose zviri zviviri hutachiona hweHIV uye iyo p24 antigen. Bvunzo iyi inokwanisa kuona hutachiona mushure memavhiki matatu wabva kutapukirwa.

Tevera MIEDZO

Chiyero chekutevera-chinonziwo bvunzo yekusimbisa. Inowanzoitwa kana bvunzo yekuongorora iri yakanaka. Mhando dzinoverengeka dzebvunzo dzinogona kushandiswa ku:

• Tsvaga hutachiona pachahwo
• Tsvaga maantibhakitiriya zvakanyatsojeka kupfuura kuongorora bvunzo
• Udza mutsauko pakati pemhando mbiri dzehutachiona, HIV-1 neHIV-2

Hapana kugadzirira kunodiwa.

Pakutora muyero weropa, vamwe vanhu vanonzwa kurwadziwa zvine mwero. Vamwe vanongonzwa kubaya kana kubaya. Mushure meizvozvo, panogona kuve nekurohwa kana kupwanya zvishoma. Izvi zvinokurumidza kuenda.

Iko hakuna kusagadzikana nekuyamwa muromo swab bvunzo kana iyo weti bvunzo.

Kuongororwa hutachiona hweHIV kunoitwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda, kusanganisira izvi:

• Zvepabonde vanhu
• Vanhu vanoda kuyedzwa
• Vanhu vari mumapoka ane njodzi huru (varume vanoita bonde nevarume, vanoshandisa jekiseni vezvinodhaka uye vavanobata navo pabonde, uye vanoita zvepabonde vanotengesa)
• Vanhu vane mamwe mamiriro uye hutachiona (senge Kaposi sarcoma kana Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia)
• Vakadzi vane nhumbu, kuvabatsira kudzivirira kubva kutapurira hutachiwana kumwana

Mhedzisiro isina kunaka bvunzo yakajairika. Vanhu vane hutachiwana hwekutanga hweHIV vanogona kuve nemhedzisiro isina kuongororwa.

Mhedzisiro inovhenekwa haionesi kuti munhu ane hutachiona hweHIV. Mimwe miedzo inodiwa kuratidza hutachiona hweHIV.

Mhedzisiro isina kunaka hairegi hutachiona hweHIV. Pane nguva, inonzi hwindi, pakati pehutachiona hweHIV uye nekuonekwa kwemaant-anti-HIV. Munguva iyi, masoja ekudzivirira uye antigen anogona kusayerwa.

Kana munhu angave aine hutachiwana hwehutachiwana kana hwakanyanya uye ari munguva yewindow, kuongororwa kwakaipa kwekutarisa hakurambidze hutachiona hweHIV. Kwayedza kuongororwa kweHIV kunodiwa.

Nekuongororwa kweropa, tsinga uye tsinga zvinosiyana pakukura kubva pamurwere kusvika kune mumwe, uye kubva kune rimwe divi remuviri kuenda kune rimwe. Kutora ropa kubva kune vamwe vanhu kunogona kunge kwakaoma kupfuura kubva kune vamwe. Dzimwe njodzi dzinosangana nekutorwa kweropa idiki, asi dzinogona kusanganisira:

• Kuwedzera kubuda ropa
• Kufenda kana kunzwa kushaya musoro
• Akawanda punctures ekutsvaga mutsinga
• Hematoma (ropa rinoungana pasi peganda)
• Utachiona (hushoma njodzi chero nguva ganda parinovhunika)

Iko hakuna njodzi pamwe nemuromo swab uye weti bvunzo.

Kuongororwa HIV; Kuongorora HIV; Kuongororwa kweHIV; Kuongorora kweHIV

• Kuongorora ropa

Bartlett JG, Redfield RR, Pham PA. Rabhoritari bvunzo. Mune: Bartlett JG, Redfield RR, Pham PA, eds. Bartlett's Medical Management yeHIV Infection. 17th ed. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; 2019: chits.

Nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza Dziviriro uye Kudzivirira webhusaiti. Kuongororwa HIV. www.cdc.gov/hiv/guidelines/testing.html. Yakagadziridzwa Kurume 16, 2018. Yakasvika muna Chivabvu 23, 2019.

Moyer VA; US Yekudzivirira Services Task Force. Kuongororwa kweHIV: US Preventive Services Task Force kurudziro chirevo. Ann Mukati Med. 2013; 159 (1): 51-60. PMID: 23698354 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23698354.