Kukwegura kuchinja mukugadzirwa kwehomoni

Iyo endocrine system inoumbwa nenhengo uye zvinyama zvinogadzira mahormone. Mahormone makemikari echisikigo anogadzirwa munzvimbo imwechete, akaburitswa muropa, ndokuzoshandiswa nezvimwe zvinongedzo uye masisitimu

Mahormone anodzora nhengo dzakanangwa. Mamwe masisitimu enhengo ane yavo yemukati kutonga masystem pamwe ne, kana panzvimbo ye, mahormone.

Sezvo isu patinokwegura, shanduko dzinowanzoitika munzira yegadziriro yemuviri inodzorwa. Zvimwe zvinonamira matissue zvinova zvishoma nekunzwisisa kudzora kwavo mahormone. Huwandu hwehomoni inogadzirwa inogona zvakare kuchinja.

Mazinga eropa emamwe mahormone anowedzera, mamwe anoderera, uye mamwe haana kuchinja. Mahormone akaputswa zvakare (akagadziriswa) zvishoma nezvishoma.

Mazhinji mitezo inogadzira mahormone inodzorwa nemamwe mahormone. Kukwegura kunoshandura maitiro aya. Semuenzaniso, iyo endocrine tishu inogona kuburitsa shoma yehormone yayo pane zvayakaita pazera diki, kana inogona kuburitsa yakaenzana iyo pakuderera zvishoma.

KUCHINJA KUKURA

Iyo hypothalamus iri muuropi. Inogadzira mahormone anodzora mamwe marongero mune endocrine system, kusanganisira iyo pituitary gland. Huwandu hweaya anoronga mahormone hunogara hwakaenzana, asi mhinduro nenhengo dzedendocrine dzinogona kuchinja patinokwegura.

Iyo pituitary gland iri pazasi pezasi (anterior pituitary) kana mu (posterior pituitary) uropi. Iri gland rinosvika pakukwirira kwaro pazera repakati uye zvishoma nezvishoma rinova diki. Iine zvikamu zviviri:

• Iyo yekumashure (yekumashure) chikamu chinochengeta mahormone akagadzirwa muiyo hypothalamus.
• Iyo yekumberi (anterior) chikamu chinoburitsa mahormone anokanganisa kukura, iyo gland yegland (TSH), adrenal cortex, ovari, testes uye mazamu.

Iyo thyroid gland iri mumutsipa. Inogadzira mahormoni anobatsira kudzora metabolism. Nekuchembera, iyo thyroid inogona kuve bumpy (nodular). Metabolism inononoka pamusoro penguva, kutanga pamakore angangoita makumi maviri. Nekuti mahormone ehutachiona anogadzirwa uye nekutyorwa (akagadziriswa) pachiyero chimwe chete, bvunzo dzehutachiona dzinowanzo kuve dzakajairika. Mune vamwe vanhu, mahormone ehutachiona anogona kusimuka, zvichitungamira kune imwe njodzi yekufa kubva kuchirwere chemoyo.

Izvo zvipenga zveparathyroid zvidiki zvina zvidiki zviri kutenderedza thyroid. Parathyroid hormone inokanganisa calcium uye phosphate mazinga, ayo anokanganisa mapfupa simba. Parathyroid mahormone anokwira nezera, izvo zvinogona kukonzera osteoporosis.

Insulin inogadzirwa nepancreas. Inobatsira shuga (glucose) kuenda kubva muropa kuenda mukati memasero, kwainogona kushandiswa simba.

Ivhareji yekutsanya glucose level inokwira 6 kusvika ku14 mamirigiramu padhisilita (mg / dL) makore ese gumi mushure memakore makumi mashanu sezvo masero ari kushomeka pamhedzisiro ye insulin. Kana imwe nhanho yasvika pa126 mg / dL kana pamusoro, munhu wacho anoonekwa seane chirwere cheshuga.

Iyo adrenal gland iri pamusoro peitsvo chete. Iyo adrenal cortex, yepamusoro pevhu, inogadzira mahormone aldosterone, cortisol, uye dehydroepiandrosterone.

• Aldosterone inodzora kuyerera uye electrolyte chiyero.
• Cortisol ndiyo "kushushikana kupindura" hormone. Iyo inokanganisa kuputsika kweshuga, mapuroteni, uye mafuta, uye ine anti-kupisa uye anti-allergy mhedzisiro.

Aldosterone kuburitswa kunodzikira nezera. Uku kuderera kunogona kubatsira kuve nemusoro wakadzika uye kudonha kweropa nekukasira chinzvimbo chinzvimbo (orthostatic hypotension). Cortisol kuburitswa zvakare kunoderera nekukwegura, asi iro ropa reropa rehomoni ino rinogara rakada kufanana. Dehydroepiandrosterone mazinga anodonhawo. Mhedzisiro yedonhwe iri pamuviri haina kujeka.

Mazai uye ma testes ane mabasa maviri. Dzinogadzira masero ekubereka (ova nembeu). Dzinogadzirawo mahormone ebonde anodzora echipiri maitiro epabonde, senge mazamu uye bvudzi kumeso.

• Nekukwegura, varume vanowanzove nehuremu hwepasi hwe testosterone.
• Vakadzi vane mashoma ezasi eestradiol uye mamwe maestrogen mahormone mushure mekuguma kuenda kumwedzi.

ZVINOGONESESA ZVINOGONESA

Pakazara, mamwe mahormone anoderera, mamwe haachinje, uye mamwe anowedzera nezera. Mahormone ayo anowanzo kuderera anosanganisira:

• Aldosterone
• Calcitonin
• Kukura kemikari
• Renin

Mune vakadzi, estrogen uye prolactin mazinga anowanzo dzikira zvakanyanya.

Mahormone ayo anowanzo gara asina kuchinjika kana kungodzikira zvishoma anosanganisira:

• Cortisol
• Epinephrine
• Insulin
• Utachiona mahormone T3 uye T4

Matanho eTesttosterone anowanzo kudzikira zvishoma nezvishoma sevanhu vezera.

Mahormone anogona kuwedzera anosanganisira:

• Follicle-inosimudzira mahormone (FSH)
• Luteinizing mahormone (LH)
• Norepinephrine
• Parathyroid kemikari

NHAU DZAKAITIKA

• Kukwegura shanduko mukuzvidzivirira
• Kukwegura shanduko munhengo, zvinyama, uye maseru
• Kukwegura shanduko muhurume hwekubereka
• Kuguma kuenda kumwedzi

• Kuguma kuenda kumwedzi
• Mukadzi wekubereka anatomy

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Brinton RD. Neuroendocrinology yekukwegura. Mune: Zadza HM, Rockwood K, Mudiki J, eds. Brocklehurst's Textbook yeGeriatric Mishonga uye Gerontology. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2017: chitsiko 13.

Lobo RA. Kuguma kwemwedzi uye kukwegura. Mune: Strauss JF, Barbieri RL, eds. Yen & Jaffe's Kubereka Endocrinology. 8th ed. Elsevier; 2019: chitsiko 14.

Walston JD. Kazhinji kliniki sequelae yekukwegura. Mune: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Mushonga. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chitsiko 22.