Brain bundu - chepuraimari - vakuru

Bundu rekutanga repfungwa iboka (mashoma) remasero asina kujairika anotangira muuropi.

Mapundu ekutanga ehuropi anosanganisira chero bundu rinotanga muuropi. Matumbu epfungwa ekutanga anogona kutanga kubva kumaseru ehuropi, iyo membranes yakatenderedza uropi (meninges), tsinga, kana gland.

Mamota anogona kuparadza maseru ehuropi. Vanogona zvakare kukuvadza maseru nekugadzira kuzvimba, kuisa kumanikidza kune mamwe mativi ehuropi, uye nekuwedzera kumanikidza mukati mehenya.

Chikonzero chemamota ekutanga ehuropi hachizivikanwe. Pane zvakawanda zvine njodzi zvinogona kuita basa.

• Radiation kurapa kunoshandiswa kurapa kenza dzehuropi kunowedzera mukana wemamota ehuropi kusvika pamakore makumi maviri kana makumi matatu gare gare.
• Mimwe miitiro yekugara nhaka inowedzera njodzi yemamota ehuropi, kusanganisira neurofibromatosis, Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, uye Turcot syndrome.
• Lymphomas inotanga muuropi muvanhu vane immune system isina kusimba dzimwe nguva inosanganiswa nehutachiona nehutachiona hweEpstein-Barr.

Izvi hazvina kuratidza kuti zvine njodzi:

• Kuratidzwa nemwaranzi kubasa, kana kumagetsi tambo, nhare mbozha, nhare dzisina tambo, kana zvishandiso zvisina waya
• Kukuvara mumusoro
• Kusvuta
• Hormone kurapa

DZIMWE DZIDZA MUMWE MITAMBO

Mamota ehuropi anosarudzwa zvichienderana ne:

• Nzvimbo yebundu
• Rudzi rwechitunha chakabatanidzwa
• Kunyangwe ivo vasina-cancer (benign) kana cancer (yakaipa)
• Zvimwe zvinhu

Dzimwe nguva, mamota anotanga kusagadzikana anogona kuchinja maitiro avo ehupenyu uye kuwedzera kuita hasha.

Mamota anogona kuitika chero pazera, asi mhando zhinji ndidzo dzinowanzoitika mune rimwe zera boka. Muvanhu vakuru, gliomas uye meningiomas ndizvo zvakajairika.

Gliomas anouya kubva kune glial maseru senge astrocyte, oligodendrocyte, uye ependymal masero. Gliomas akapatsanurwa kuita matatu marudzi:

• Astrocytic tumors dzinosanganisira astrocytomas (inogona kunge isingaite cancer), anaplastic astrocytomas, uye glioblastomas.
• Oligodendroglial bundu. Mamwe mapundu ekutanga ehuropi anoumbwa ese ari maviri astrocytic uye oligodendrocytic tumors. Aya anonzi magliomas akasanganiswa.
• Glioblastomas ndiwo akasarudzika mhando yehuropi hwepamu bundu.

Meningiomas uye schwannomas mamwe maviri emhando dzemamota ehuropi. Aya mamota:

• Zvinowanikwa kazhinji pakati pemakore makumi mana nemakumi manomwe.
• Kazhinji haina cancer, asi inogona kuramba ichikonzera matambudziko akakura uye kufa kubva pahukuru kana nzvimbo. Vamwe vane kenza uye vane hasha.

Mamwe maturu ekutanga ehuropi muvanhu vakuru haawanzo. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Ependymomas
• Craniopharyngiomas
• Mamota epituitary
• Primary (central nervous system - CNS) lymphoma
• Pineal gland mamota
• Yekutanga hutachiona hutachiona maseru europi

Mamwe mamota haakonzere zviratidzo kudzamara akura kwazvo. Mamwe mamota ane zviratidzo zvinokura zvishoma nezvishoma.

Zviratidzo zvinoenderana nehukuru hwebundu, nzvimbo, kuti yapararira zvakadii, uye kana paine kuzvimba kwehuropi. Zviratidzo zvakajairika ndezvi:

• Shanduko mukushanda kwepfungwa kwemunhu
• Kutemwa nemusoro
• Kufenda (kunyanya kune vakuru vakuru)
• Kushaya simba mune chimwe chikamu chemuviri

Kutemwa nemusoro kunokonzerwa nemamota europi kunogona:

• Iva wakaipisisa kana munhu akamuka mangwanani, uye wojekesa mumaawa mashoma
• Kuitika panguva yekurara
• Kuitika nekurutsa, kuvhiringidzika, kuona zvakapetwa, kushaya simba, kana kuvevesa
• Zvikure nekukosora kana kurovedza muviri, kana nekuchinja chinzvimbo chemuviri

Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Chinja mukusvinura (kusanganisira kurara, kusaziva, uye koma)
• Shanduko mukunzwa, kuravira, kana kunhuwidza
• Shanduko dzinobata kubata uye kugona kunzwa kurwadziwa, kumanikidzwa, tembiricha dzakasiyana, kana zvimwe zvinokurudzira
• Kuvhiringidzika kana kurasikirwa ndangariro
• Zvakaoma kumedza
• Zvakaoma kunyora kana kuverenga
• Dzungu kana kusanzwisisika kwekunzwa kwekufamba (vertigo)
• Matambudziko eziso senge kudonha kweziso, vadzidzi vehukuru hwakasiyana, kufamba kusingadzoreki kwemaziso, kuona kwekuona (kusanganisira kuderera kwemaonero, kuona kwakapetwa, kana kurasikirwa zvachose kwemaonero)
• Kubvunda kwemaoko
• Kusava nekutonga pamusoro pechidzitiro kana ura
• Kurasikirwa kwekuyera kana kurongeka, kusagadzikana, kunetseka kufamba
• Tsvina kushaya simba kumeso, ruoko, kana gumbo (kazhinji padivi rimwe chete)
• Unhu kana kugwinha kune rumwe rutivi rwemuviri
• Hunhu, manzwiro, maitiro, kana shanduko yemanzwiro
• Dambudziko kutaura kana kunzwisisa vamwe vari kutaura

Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kuitika nepituitary bundu:

• Kusanzwisisika kwemboro kubuda
• Kusaenda kumwedzi (nguva)
• Kukura kwemazamu muvarume
• Akawedzera maoko, tsoka
• Bvudzi rakawandisa remuviri
• Kuchinja kwechiso
• Kuderera kweropa
• Kufutisa
• Kunzwisisa kupisa kana kutonhora

Iyi miedzo inotevera inogona kusimbisa kuvepo kwechironda cheuropi uye nekuwana kwainowanikwa:

• CT scan yemusoro
• EEG (kuyera mashandiro emagetsi europi)
• Kuongororwa kwetishu kubviswa kubva bundu panguva yekuvhiyiwa kana CT-inotungamirwa biopsy (inogona kusimbisa mhando yemarara)
• Kuongororwa kwecebral spinal fluid (CSF) (inogona kuratidza cancer maseru)
• MRI yemusoro

Kurapa kunogona kusanganisira kuvhiya, radiation radiation, uye chemotherapy. Mamota ehuropi anonyatsorapwa nechikwata chinosanganisira:

• Neuro-oncologist
• Neurosurgeon
• Chiremba oncologist
• Radiation oncologist
• Vamwe vanopa hutano, senge maurourologist uye vezvemagariro

Kurapa kwekutanga kazhinji kunowedzera mukana wemhedzisiro yakanaka. Kurapa kunoenderana nesaizi uye mhando yemota uye yako hutano hutano. Zvinangwa zvekurapa zvinogona kunge zviri zvekurapa bundu, kubvisa zviratidzo, uye kugadzirisa mashandiro ehuropi kana nyaradzo.

Kuvhiya kunowanzo kudikanwa kune mazhinji ekutanga matumbo ehuropi. Mamwe mamota anogona kubviswa zvachose. Izvo izvo zvakadzika mukati mehuropi kana izvo zvinopinda zvinyama zvehuropi zvinogona kubviswa panzvimbo pekubviswa. Debulking inzira yekudzora saizi yemota.

Mamota anogona kunge akaoma kubvisa zvachose nekuvhiya chete. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti bundu rinopinda mukati mehuropi hwakatenderedza kunge midzi kubva muchirimwa chakapararira muvhu. Kana bundu risingakwanise kubviswa, kuvhiyiwa kuchiri kubatsira kudzikisa kumanikidza uye kubvisa zviratidzo.

Radiation therapy inoshandiswa kune mamwe mamota.

Chemotherapy inogona kushandiswa nekuvhiya kana radiation radiation.

Mimwe mishonga inoshandiswa kurapa huturu hwepakutanga muvana inogona kusanganisira:

• Mishonga yekudzora huropi kuzvimba uye kumanikidza
• Anticonvulsants kudzikisira pfari
• Mishonga yemarwadzo

Nyaradzo nhanho, matanho ekuchengetedza, kurapwa kwepanyama, uye kurapa kwebasa kunogona kudikanwa kunatsiridza hupenyu hwehupenyu. Kurairana, mapoka ekutsigira, uye matanho akafanana anogona kubatsira vanhu kukurira chirwere ichi.

Unogona kufunga kunyoresa mukutongwa kwekiriniki mushure mekutaura nechikwata chako chekurapa.

Matambudziko anogona kukonzerwa nemamota ehuropi anosanganisira:

• Brain herniation (kazhinji inouraya)
• Kurasikirwa kwekugona kudyidzana kana kushanda
• Kugara, kuwedzera, uye kurasikirwa kukuru kwehuropi basa
• Kudzoka kwebundu kukura
• Zvimwe zvinokanganisa mishonga, kusanganisira chemotherapy
• Zvimwe zvinokanganisa zve radiation radiation

Fonera mupiki wako kana iwe ukagadzira chero nyowani, inoramba ichirwadza musoro kana zvimwe zviratidzo zvebundu repfungwa.

Fonera mupiki wako kana enda kuimba yekukurumidzira kana ukatanga kubatwa nepfari, kana kungoerekana waita kusagadzikana (kuderedzwa kusvinura), shanduko yekuona, kana shanduko yekutaura.

Glioblastoma multiforme - vanhu vakuru; Ependymoma - vakuru; Glioma - vakuru; Astrocytoma - vakuru; Medulloblastoma - vakuru; Neuroglioma - vakuru; Oligodendroglioma - vakuru; Lymphoma - vakuru; Vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neuroma) - vanhu vakuru; Meningioma - vakuru; Gomarara - hura hwehuropi (vakuru)

• Radhi radiation - kubuda
• Kuvhiya kwehuropi - kubuda
• Chemotherapy - chii chekubvunza chiremba wako
• Radiation Therapy - mibvunzo yekubvunza chiremba wako
• Stereotactic radiosurgery - kubuda

• Bundu rebongo

Dorsey JF, Salinas RD, Dang M, et al. Gomarara repakati tsinga. Mune: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Doroshow JH, Kastan MB, Tepper JE, eds. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chits. 63.

Michaud DS. Epidemiology yemamota ehuropi. Mune: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. Bradley's Neurology muClinical Dzidzira. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chits 71.

National Cancer Institute webhusaiti. Adult central nervous system mamota kurapwa (PDQ) - hutano nyanzvi vhezheni. www.cancer.gov/types/brain/hp/adult-brain-treatment-pdq. Yakagadziridzwa Ndira 22, 2020. Yakasvika muna Chivabvu 12, 2020.

National Yakakwana Cancer Network webhusaiti. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines muOncology (NCCN Guidelines): central nervous system cancer. Shanduro 2.2020. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/cns.pdf. Yakagadziridzwa Kubvumbi 30, 2020. Yakasvika muna Chivabvu 12, 2020.