MaNitrate nemaNitriti muzvikafu anokuvadza here?

Zvemukati

• Chii chinonzi nitrate uye nitrites?
• Iko kunowanikwa ma nitrate uye nitrites
• Maitrate anokanganisa sei BP uye moyo hutano
• Inogona here nitrate kupisa kuita kwemuviri?
• Ngozi dze nitrate uye nitrites
• Maitiro ekuderedza nitrosamine kuratidzwa
• Chinokosha

Nitrate uye nitrites ndiwo makomputa anowanzoitika mumuviri wemunhu uye zvimwe zvekudya, zvakaita semuriwo. Vagadziri vanovawedzerawo kuzvikafu zvakagadziriswa, zvakadai sebhekoni, kuzvichengetedza uye kuita kuti zvigare kwenguva refu.

Mune mamwe mafomu, nitrate uye nitrites zvinogona kuva nenjodzi. Nekudaro, ivo vanogona zvakare kuve nehutano mabhenefiti.

Ichi chinyorwa chinoongorora nitrate uye nitrites mune chikafu.

Chii chinonzi nitrate uye nitrites?

Nitrate uye nitrites marudzi maviri akasiyana echikamu.

Nitrate (NO3) inosanganisira imwe nitrogen atomu uye matatu maatomu eoksijeni. Nitrites (NO2) inosanganisira imwe nitrogen atomu uye maatomu maviri eoksijeni.

MaNitrate ane inert, izvo zvinoreva kuti vakagadzikana uye havafungi kuti vangachinja nekukuvadza.

Zvisinei, mabhakitiriya mumuromo kana ma enzyme mumuviri anogona kuzvishandura kuita nitrites, uye izvi zvinogona kukuvadza.

Nekudaro, nitrites inogona kuchinja kuva:

• nitric oxide, iyo inobatsira muviri
• nitrosamines, inogona kukuvadza

Pane rumwe ruzivo nezve izvi pazasi.

Vagadziri vanowedzera nitrites kunyama kuti vachengetedze. Ndicho chikonzero nei nyama yakaporeswa iri yepingi kana yakatsvuka. Mune nyama, nitrites inoshanduka kuita nitric oxide. Izvi zvinoita nemapuroteni munyama, achichinja ruvara uye achibatsira kuachengetedza. (1).

Pasina nitrites nezvimwe zvinowedzerwa, nyama yacho yaigona kuita brown nekukurumidza.

Nitrate uye nitrites zvinoriumba zvine nitrogen uye maatomu eoksijeni. MaNitrate anogona kushanduka kuita nitrites, ayo anogona kuzogadzira nitric oxide (yakanaka) kana nitrosamines (yakaipa).

Iko kunowanikwa ma nitrate uye nitrites

Vagadziri vechikafu vanowanzo wedzera nitrate uye nitrites kune nyama inogadzirwa, senge bacon, ham, sausages, uye imbwa dzinopisa.

Aya makomponi akawedzerwa anobatsira ku:

• kudzivirira kukura kwebhakitiriya inokuvadza
• Wedzera munyu munyu
• gadziridza kutaridzika kwenyama nekuipa iyo tsvuku kana pingi

Kudya kwakanyanya kwenyama inogadzirwa kunogona kuwedzera njodzi yekenza munzira yekugaya. Vamwe vanhu vanotenda kuti nitrate uye nitrites ndicho chikonzero chengozi yakawedzera (2,).

Nekudaro, nitrate uye nitrites zvinoitikawo zvakasikwa mumiriwo, izvo zvinogona kudzora njodzi kune mamwe marudzi ekenza uye zvimwe zvirwere (, 5).

Muchokwadi, maererano neimwe ongororo, vanhu vanowana kwakatenderedza 80% yeanodya nitrate kubva mumiriwo ().

Muviri unoburitsa ma nitrate uye unovaburitsa kuita mate (7, 8).

MaNitrate uye nitrites anotenderera kubva mudumbu kunopinda muropa, ndokuzopinda mumate, uye achidzokera mudumbu ().

Zvinogona kubatsira mukuchengetedza muviri wako, sezvo iwo anoita kunge anoshanda semishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya mune yekugaya system. Vanogona kubatsira kuuraya mabhakitiriya, senge Salmonella (, ).

Vanogona zvakare kushanduka kuita nitric oxide (NO), yakakosha kuratidza mamorekuru ().

Nitrate inoitikawo zvakasikwa mumvura. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, kushandiswa kwefetiraiza kunogona kuendesa kumatunhu akakwirira enitrate anogona kukuvadza vana. Nechikonzero ichi, zviremera zvehutano zvinodzora mwero wenitrate mumvura yekunwa ().

MaNitrate aripo muzvishoma mumhuka dzakagadziriswa uye muhombe muzvikafu zvine hutano semuriwo. Izvo zvinoitikawo mukunwa mvura, uye muviri wemunhu unoburitsa nitrate, futi.

Maitrate anokanganisa sei BP uye moyo hutano

Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, nitrite inorasikirwa neatomu yeokisijeni. Ipapo, inoshanduka kuita nitric oxide, yakakosha mamorekuru.

Nitric oxide (NO) ine akasiyana mabasa mumuviri. Iyo inogona kuve ine chepfu muhuwandu hwakawanda, asi inogona zvakare kubatsira kuchengetedza muviri (14).

Kunyanya kukosha, ndiyo mamorekuru ekuratidzira. Iyo inofamba ichipinda nemumadziro etsinga uye inotumira masaini kumasekisi madiki etsandanyama akakomberedza tsinga, achivaudza kuti vazorore ().

Maseru aya paanozorora, tsinga dzeropa dzinowedzereka, uye BP inoderera.

Nitroglycerin imushonga une nitrate. Vatapi vezvehutano vanoishandisa kurapa kutadza kwemoyo uye mamwe mamiriro ().

Nitroglycerin inogona kudzivirira kana kushandura angina, rudzi rwekurwadziwa kwepfupa kunoitika kana mhasuru yemoyo isingawane oxygen yakakwana nekuda kwekuyerera kweropa.

Dhayeti nitrate uye nitrites zvinogona zvakare kuchinja kuita nitric oxide, kurerutsa tsinga dzeropa, uye kudzikira kweropa ().

Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti chikafu chakakwira mu nitrate uye nitrites, senge beetroot kana beetroot muto, zvinogona kudzikisa BP. Mune kumwe kuongorora, kuwedzera kweropa kwakadonha kusvika pa4-10 mm / Hg kwenguva yakati yemaawa mashoma (,,).

Kuwedzera kweropa BP yakakosha njodzi yechirwere chemoyo uye sitiroko, mamiriro akajairika anogona kutyisidzira hupenyu.

Mumuviri, nitrites inogona kushanduka kuita nitric oxide (NO), mamorekuru anoratidzira ayo anoita kuti tsinga dzeropa dziwedzere uye dzideredze BP.

Inogona here nitrate kupisa kuita kwemuviri?

Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti nitrate inokwanisa kusimudzira kuita kwemuviri, kunyanya panguva yekukwirisa kutsungirira kurovedza muviri.

Vamwe vanhu vanowanzo shandisa beetroot kana beetroot muto nekuda kweichi chinangwa, nekuti ane akawanda mwero nitrate.

Icho chikonzero chekuvandudza uku mukuita kwemuviri kunogona kunge kuri nekuda kwe nitrate ichiwedzera kugona kwemitochondria. Mitochondria ndiwo maseru maseru anogadzira simba ().

Zvidzidzo zvishoma zvakaratidza kuti beetroot inogona kudzikisa mutengo weoxygen wekurovedza muviri ne5.4%, kuwedzera nguva kusvika pakuneta kana uchimhanya ne15%, uye kugadzirisa kunatsiridza kuita ne4% (,,).

Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti nitrate yekudya uye nitrites inogona kusimudzira kuita kwemuviri, kunyanya panguva yekukwirira kwakasimba kutsungirira kurovedza muviri.

Ngozi dze nitrate uye nitrites

Nitrate uye nitrites akakosha macomputer, asi anogona kuve nenjodzi kana akagadzira nitrosamines. Nitrosamines inogona kuumba kana iwe ukabika nitrate kana nitrites pakupisa kukuru. (25).

Kune marudzi akasiyana enitrosamines, uye mazhinji anogona kuwedzera njodzi yekenza. (26).

Nitrosamines mamwe emakemikari makuru muutsi hwefodya, semuenzaniso.

Bhekoni, imbwa dzinopisa, uye nyama inogadzirwa inogona kunge iine huwandu hwakawanda hwesodium nitrite. Izvo zvakare zvine mapuroteni mazhinji, ayo akaumbwa nemaamino acids. Pakusangana nekupisa kwakanyanya, kusangana uku kunogadzira mamiriro akakwana enitrosamines yekuumba ().

Kubika miriwo, zvakadaro, kashoma kuti ibudise nitrosamines. Vanhu havawanzobika muriwo pakupisa kwakanyanya, uye haina huwandu hwakawanda hweprotein.

Kana nitrites uye amino acids aripo, carcinogenic macompound anonzi nitrosamines anogona kuumbika panguva yekubika neakawanda kupisa.

Maitiro ekuderedza nitrosamine kuratidzwa

Vagadziri vanofanirwa kudzikamisa huwandu hwenitriti dzavanoshandisa mune zvakagadziriswa nyama nemutemo, nekuda kwenjodzi dzinoiswa nenitrosamines.

Ivo zvakare vanofanirwa kuwedzera vhitamini C, iyo inotitadzisa nitrosamine kugadzirwa ().

Nyama yakagadziriswa yaunodya nhasi ine nitrite shoma pane zvayaiita makumi mashoma apfuura.

Iwe unogona kudzikisa njodzi yako yekuratidzwa kwe nitrosamine nekuita sarudzo dzakachenjera pakutenga nyama dzakagadziriswa, dzakadai sebhekoni.

Zvimwe zvitoro zvinotengesa mhando bhekoni isina nitrate-isina. Izvo zvinoshandiswa zvinofanirwa kuratidza kuti bhekoni haina huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinowedzera zvine nitrate.

Iwe unofanirwa kutarisa zvinyorwa zve:

• sodium nitrate (E251)
• sodium nitrite (E250)
• potassium nitrate (E252)
• potassium nitrite (E249)

Zvakakosha kutarisa zvigadzirwa. Dzimwe nzira dzepanyama uye dzekuchengetedza nyama, senge celery munyu, inogona kunge iine nitrate. Nekuda kweizvozvo, rimwe bacon "reitrate mahara" rinogona kunge riine maitrate kupfuura bhekoni rakajairika (29).

Kuti uve nechokwadi chekutora bhakoni rakaderera muma nitrate, unogona kuedza zvinotevera:

• Tenga zvemuno pazvinogoneka kana kubva kumusika wevarimi.
• Tsvaga mutengesi webhekoni kubva kumafuro akafudza nguruve.
• Fry kana bika bhekoni pamoto wakadzika kwenguva yakareba uye dzivisa kuipisa.

Imwe yedzidzo yechinyakare inoratidza kuti kubika bhekoni mu microwave ndiyo nzira yakanakisa yekudzora nitrosamine kugadzirwa (30).

Heino vhidhiyo ine mirairo yekuti ungaita sei izvi.

MaNitrate rudzi rwekuchengetedza, uye bhekoni rakadzika muma nitrate rinogona kusatora nguva yakareba. Unogona kuichengetedza kwenguva yakareba nekuitonhora.

Iwe unogona kudzikisa njodzi yako yekuratidzwa kwe nitrosamine nekunyatso sarudza zvakagadziriswa nyama zvigadzirwa zvakaderera mune zvinowedzerwa zvine nitrate.

Chinokosha

Nitrate uye nitrites ndiwo makomputa anowanzoitika mumuviri wemunhu uye zvimwe zvekudya. Izvo zvinowedzerwawo kune zvimwe zvakagadziriswa zvekudya kuti zviwedzere hupenyu hwesherufu.

Dzinogona kuchinja kuita nitric oxide, kudzora tsinga dzako dzeropa, uye kudzikisa BP. Uyezve, vanogona kusimudzira mashandiro emuviri.

Zvakadaro, iyo carcinogenic komputa nitrosamines inogona kuumba kana iwe ukabika nitrate kana nitrites pakupisa kwakanyanya, izvo zvinokonzeresa hutano hutano.

Nekuda kwemirau yakaoma, kune mashoma ma nitrites muzvikafu zvakagadziriswa nhasi, sevagadziri vanofanirwa kudzikamisa huwandu hwavanoshandisa.

Iwe unogona kudzikisa njodzi yako yekuratidzwa kwe nitrosamine nekunyatsoongorora iwo mavara kana uchitenga nyama dzakagadziriswa kuti uwane chigadzirwa chine mashoma kana asina zvinowedzerwa zvine nitrate.