Zvese zvaunoda Kuti Uzive Nezve Autism

Zvemukati

• Chii chinonzi autism?
• Ndeapi marudzi akasiyana eatism?
• Ndezvipi zviratidzo zve autism?
• Chii chinokonzera autism?
• Ndeapi mabvunzo anoshandiswa kuongorora autism?
• Yekuvandudza kuongorora
• Kumwe kuongorora uye bvunzo
• Autism inorapwa sei?
• Dzimwe nzira dzokurapa
• Kudya kunogona here kukanganisa autism?
• Autism inobata sei vana?
• Autism uye kurovedza muviri
• Autism inobata sei vasikana?
• Autism inokanganisa sei vanhu vakuru?
• Nei kuziva kwe autism kuchikosha?
• Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peatism neADHD?
• Ndeapi maonero kune vanhu vane autism?

Isu tinosanganisira zvigadzirwa zvatinofunga zvinobatsira kuvaverengi vedu. Kana iwe ukatenga kuburikidza nehukama pane ino peji, isu tinogona kuwana diki komisheni. Heano maitiro edu.

Chii chinonzi autism?

Autism spectrum kusagadzikana (ASD) izwi rakapamhamha rinoshandiswa kutsanangura boka rematambudziko eurourodevelopmental.

Matambudziko aya anoonekwa nematambudziko nekutaurirana uye kudyidzana kwevanhu. Vanhu vane ASD vanowanzo ratidza kudzvinyirirwa, kudzokororwa, uye kufarira zvimiro kana maitiro ehunhu.

ASD inowanikwa muvanhu vakatenderera pasirese, zvisinei nedzinza, tsika nemagariro. Zvinoenderana neiyo, autism inoitika kazhinji muvakomana kupfuura muvasikana, iine huwandu hwe4 kusvika ku1 hwechirume kusvika kumukadzi.

ICDC inofungidzira mugore ra2014 kuti vangangoita mumwe chete pavana makumi mashanu nevashanu evana vakaonekwa vane ASD.

Pane zvinoratidza kuti zviitiko zveASD zviri kuwedzera. Vamwe vanoti izvi zvinowedzera kune zvakatipoteredza. Zvisinei, nyanzvi dzinopokana kana paine kuwedzera chaiko kwezviitiko kana kungoonekwa kazhinji.

Enzanisa autism mitengo mumatunhu akasiyana munyika yese.

Ndeapi marudzi akasiyana eatism?

Iyo DSM (Diagnostic uye Statistical Manual yeMental Disorders) inoburitswa neAmerican Psychiatric Association (APA) uye inoshandiswa nevarapi kuti vaongorore zvakasiyana siyana zvepfungwa.

Yechishanu uye ichangoburwa edition yeDSM yakaburitswa muna 2013. Iyo DSM-5 parizvino inoziva shanu dzakasiyana ASD subtypes, kana zvirevo. Vari:

• pamwe kana pasina kuperekedza kukanganiswa kwehungwaru
• nekukanganisa kana kusaina mutauro
• inosangana neanozivikanwa ekurapa kana echimiro mamiriro kana zvakatipoteredza
• inosangana neimwe neurodevelopmental, yepfungwa, kana maitiro kusagadzikana
• ne catatonia

Mumwe munhu anogona kuongororwa aine imwe kana zvimwe zvinofungidzira.

Isati yasvika DSM-5, vanhu vari paotism spectrum vanogona kunge vakaonekwa vaine imwe yeanotevera matambudziko:

• autistic kusagadzikana
• Asperger's chirwere
• yakapararira yekuvandudza kusagadzikana-isina kutaurwa neimwe nzira (PDD-NOS)
• hudiki kuparara kusagadzikana

Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti munhu akagamuchira chimwe cheizvi zvekutanga kuongororwa haana kurasikirwa nehutano hwavo uye haazoda kuongororwa zvakare.

Zvinoenderana neDSM-5, kuongororwa kwakazara kweASD kunosanganisira kusagadzikana senge Asperger's syndrome.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zve autism?

Zviratidzo zveAustism zvinowanzo kuve pachena panguva yehudiki, pakati pemakore gumi nemaviri nemakumi maviri nemana ekuberekwa. Zvisinei, zviratidzo zvinogonawo kuonekwa kare kana kuti gare gare.

Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvinogona kusanganisira kunonoka kwakatemwa mumutauro kana kusimukira munharaunda.

Iyo DSM-5 inopatsanura zviratidzo zveatism muzvikamu zviviri: matambudziko nekutaurirana uye kudyidzana kwevanhu, uye inorambidzwa kana kudzokorora maitiro ehunhu kana zviitiko.

Zvinetso nekutaurirana uye kushamwaridzana kusangana zvinosanganisira:

• zvine chekuita nekutaurirana, kusanganisira kunetseka kugovana manzwiro, kugovana zvido, kana kuchengetedza yekudzokera-uye-mberi hurukuro
• zvine chekuita nekusa taurirana kutaurirana, senge dambudziko rekutarisana nemeso kana kuverenga muviri muviri
• kuoma kukudziridza nekuchengetedza hukama

Yakavharirwa kana kudzokorora maitiro ehunhu kana zviitiko zvinosanganisira:

• kudzokorora kufamba, kufamba, kana matauriro ekutaura
• kuomerera kwakasimba kune mamwe maitiro kana maitiro
• kuwedzera kana kuderera kwekunzwa kune rumwe ruzivo rwekunzwa kubva kunharaunda yavo, senge kusarongeka kune imwe ruzha
• zvigadziridzo zvakagadziriswa kana kufunganya

Vanhu vanoongororwa mukati mechikamu chimwe nechimwe uye kuomarara kwezviratidzo zvavo kunoonekwa.

Kuti ugamuchire kuongororwa kweASD, munhu anofanirwa kuratidza zviratidzo zvitatu muchikamu chekutanga uye zvirinani zviratidzo zviviri muchikamu chechipiri.

Chii chinokonzera autism?

Chikonzero chaicho cheASD hachizivikanwe. Kutsvaga kwazvino uno kunoratidza kuti hapana chikonzero chimwe chete.

Zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvine njodzi kune autism zvinosanganisira:

• kuva nenhengo yemhuri yepedyo ine autism
• magene ekuchinja
• inoshomeka X chirwere uye zvimwe zvinetso zvemagene
• kuzvarwa kuvabereki vakuru
• huremu hwekuzvarwa huremu
• kusaenzana kwemagetsi
• kuratidzwa nesimbi inorema uye chepfu yezvakatipoteredza
• nhoroondo yehutachiona hutachiona
• kufungidzirwa kwe fetus kumishonga valproic acid (Depakene) kana thalidomide (Thalomid)

Sekureva kweNational Institute of Neurological Disorders uye Stroke (NINDS), zvese genetics uye nharaunda zvinogona kuona kana munhu achikura autism.

Zvakawanda zvakawanikwa, zvekare uye, zvakagumisa kuti kusagadzikana hakukonzerwe nemishonga, zvakadaro.

Ongororo yakaitika muna1998 yakaratidza kubatana pakati pehutachiona uye gwirikwiti, mamota, uye rubella (MMR) wekudzivirira. Nekudaro, icho chidzidzo chakadzvanywa nekumwe kutsvagurudza uye chakazodzoserwa muna2010.

Verenga zvakawanda nezve autism uye njodzi dzayo zvinhu.

Ndeapi mabvunzo anoshandiswa kuongorora autism?

Kuongororwa kweASD kunosanganisira kuongororwa kwakasiyana siyana, kuongororwa kwemajini, uye kuongororwa.

Yekuvandudza kuongorora

IAmerican Academy yePediatrics (AAP) inokurudzira kuti vana vese vaongororwe ASD pazera remwedzi gumi nemasere nemakumi maviri nemana.

Kuongorora kunogona kubatsira nekutanga kuzivikanwa kwevana vanogona kuve neASD. Vana ava vanogona kubatsirwa kubva mukutanga kuongororwa uye kupindira.

Rakagadziridzwa Rondedzero yeAutism muVana vadiki (M-CHAT) chishandiso chakajairwa chekuongorora chinoshandiswa nemahofisi mazhinji evana. Iyi 23-mibvunzo ongororo yakazadzwa nevabereki. Vana chiremba vanogona kushandisa mhinduro dzakapihwa kuti vaone vana vanogona kuve panjodzi yekuve neASD.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kuongorora hakusi kuongororwa. Vana vanovhenekera zvakanaka ASD hazvireve hazvo kuti vane kusagadzikana. Pamusoro pezvo, kuongororwa dzimwe nguva hakuoni mwana wese ane ASD.

Kumwe kuongorora uye bvunzo

Chiremba wemwana wako anogona kukurudzira kusangana kwemiedzo ye autism, kusanganisira:

• Kuongororwa kweDNA yezvirwere zvechibereko
• maitiro ekuongorora
• anoonekwa uye odhiyo bvunzo kutonga kunze chero nyaya nekuona uye kunzwa izvo zvisina hukama neatism
• kurapwa kurapa kuongorora
• mibvunzo yekuvandudza, yakadai seAutism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS)

Zvirwere zvinowanzoitwa nechikwata chehunyanzvi. Chikwata ichi chinogona kusanganisira vana vezvepfungwa, vezvekurapa, kana matauriro uye mitauro.

Dzidza zvakawanda nezve bvunzo dzinoshandiswa kuongorora autism.

Autism inorapwa sei?

Iko hakuna "kurapwa" kweatism, asi kurapa uye kumwe kurangarira kwekurapa kunogona kubatsira vanhu kunzwa zviri nani kana kudzikisira zviratidzo zvavo.

Nzira dzakawanda dzokurapa dzinosanganisira kurapwa senge:

• maitiro ekurapa
• tamba kurapa
• kurapwa kurapa
• kurapa kwepanyama
• kurapa kwekutaura

Massage, magumbeze akaremerwa uye zvipfeko, uye maitiro ekufungisisa anogona zvakare kukurudzira kutapira mhedzisiro. Nekudaro, mhedzisiro yekurapa ichasiyana.

Vamwe vanhu pane chakatarwa vanogona kupindura zvakanaka kune dzimwe nzira, nepo vamwe vangasadaro.

Tenga magumbeze akaremerwa pano.

Dzimwe nzira dzokurapa

Imwe nzira yekurapa yekugadzirisa autism inogona kusanganisira:

• yakakwira-dose mavitamini
• chelation kurapwa, iyo inosanganisira kupukuta simbi kubva mumuviri
• hyperbaric oxygen kurapwa
• melatonin kugadzirisa nyaya dzekurara

Kutsvagurudza pane kumwe kurapa kwakasanganiswa, uye kumwe kurapa uku kunogona kuve nenjodzi

Asati aisa mari mune chero ripi zvaro, vabereki nevachengeti vanofanirwa kuyera iyo yekutsvagisa uye yemari mutengo kuchipesana nechero zvingabatsire Dzidza zvakawanda nezve dzimwe nzira dzekurapa kweatism.

Kudya kunogona here kukanganisa autism?

Iko hakuna chakatarwa chikafu chakagadzirirwa vanhu vane ASD. Zvakangodaro, vamwe vatsigiri veatism vari kutsvaga shanduko yekudya senzira yekubatsira kudzikisira nyaya dzehunhu uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwese.

Nheyo yeiyo autism chikafu ndiko kudzivisa kwekuwedzera kwekuwedzera. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvinodzivirira, mavara, uye zvinotapira.

Kudya kwe autism kunogona panzvimbo yekutarisa pazvikafu zvese, senge:

• michero mitsva nemiriwo
• huku yakaonda
• hove
• unsaturated mafuta
• mvura yakawanda

Vamwe vanotsigira autism vanotsigirawo kudya kwe-gluten-isina. Iprotein gluten inowanikwa mugorosi, bhari, uye zvimwe zviyo.

Ivo vamiriri vanodavira kuti gluten inogadzira kuzvimba uye kusagadzikana kwemuviri kuita mune vamwe vanhu vane ASD. Nekudaro, kutsvagisa kwesainzi hakuna kukwana pahukama pakati peatism, gluten, uye imwe protein inozivikanwa secostin.

Zvimwe zvidzidzo, uye anecdotal humbowo, zvakaratidza kuti kudya kunogona kubatsira kugadzirisa zviratidzo zvekucherechedza-kushomeka kwehutachiona kusagadzikana (ADHD), mamiriro akafanana ne autism. Tsvaga zvimwe nezve ADHD chikafu.

Autism inobata sei vana?

Vana vane autism vangasakwanise kusvika pamatanho akafanana ekubudirira sevezera ravo, kana vangangoratidzira kurasikirwa kwehukama kana hunyanzvi hwemitauro hwakagadzirwa kare.

Semuenzaniso, ane makore maviri asina autism anogona kuratidza kufarira mumitambo yakapusa yekunyepedzera. Ane makore mana asina autism anogona kunakidzwa nekuita zviitiko nevamwe vana. Mwana ane autism angave nedambudziko rekudyidzana nevamwe kana kusazvida zvachose.

Vana vane autism vanogona zvakare kuita mukudzokorora maitiro, vanonetseka kurara, kana kumanikidza kudya izvo zvisiri zvekudya zvinhu. Ivo vanogona kuzviwana zvakaoma kuti vabudirire vasina nharaunda yakarongeka kana tsika isingachinjiki.

Kana mwana wako aine autism, ungatofanira kushanda padhuze nevadzidzisi vavo kuti vaone kuti vanobudirira mukirasi.

Zvakawanda zviwanikwa zviripo kubatsira vana vane autism pamwe nevavanoda.

Mapoka emunharaunda ekutsigira anogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nenyika isingabatsiri Iyo Autism Society. Sangano Autism Inotaura zvakare rinopa akanangwa maturusi akagadzirirwa vabereki, vanin'ina, vanasekuru, uye shamwari dzevana vane autism.

Autism uye kurovedza muviri

Vana vane autism vanogona kuona kuti mamwe maekisesaizi anogona kutora chinhano mukuderedza kushungurudzika nekusimudzira hupenyu hwese.

Chero mhando yekurovedza muviri inonakidzwa nemwana wako inogona kubatsira. Kufamba uye kungonakidzwa panhandare yekutamba zvese zvakanaka.

Kushambira uye kuve mumvura kunogona kushanda sekuita maekisesaizi uye kuita kwekutamba chiitiko. Zvekutamba zvekutamba zviitiko zvinogona kubatsira vanhu vane autism vanogona kuve nedambudziko rekugadzirisa zviratidzo kubva kunjodzi dzavo.

Dzimwe nguva mitambo yekubatana inogona kuomera vana vane autism. Iwe unogona pachinzvimbo kukurudzira dzimwe nzira dzekuoma asi kusimbisa kurovedza muviri. Tanga nemazano aya pamadenderedzwa emaoko, nyeredzi kusvetuka, uye mamwe maitiro eatism evana.

Autism inobata sei vasikana?

Nekuda kwehuwandu hwayo hwakanangana nevanhukadzi, autism inowanzo fungidzirwa sechirwere chevakomana. Sekureva kwe, ASDs dzinowanikwa zvakapetwa ka4 muvakomana kupfuura vasikana.

Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi kuti autism haiitike muvasikana. Muchokwadi, iyo CDC inofungidzira kuti 0,66 muzana, kana kutenderedza 1 muvasikana gumi nemashanu, vane autism. Autism inogona kutounza zvakasiyana mumadzimai.

Mukuenzanisa nemakumi emakore apfuura, autism iri kuyedzwa kare uye kazhinji ikozvino. Izvi zvinotungamira kune yakakwira yakataurwa mitengo muvose vakomana nevasikana.

Autism inokanganisa sei vanhu vakuru?

Mhuri dzine vadikani vane ASD dzinogona kunetseka kuti hupenyu neatism hunoratidzika sei kumunhu mukuru.

Vashoma vevakuru vane ASD vanogona kuramba vachirarama kana kushanda vakazvimirira. Zvisinei, vakuru vazhinji vane ASD vanoda kuenderera mberi nerubatsiro kana kupindira muhupenyu hwavo hwese.

Kuunza marapirwo uye mamwe marapirwo pakutanga kwehupenyu kunogona kubatsira kutungamira kune hwakawanda kuzvimiririra uye hupenyu huri nani.

Dzimwe nguva vanhu vari pachiratidziro havawanzo kuongororwa kusvika papfuura nguva muhupenyu. Izvi zvinokodzera, muchidimbu, kushaya kwekuziva kwekutanga pakati pevarapi.

Tsvaga rubatsiro kana iwe uchifungidzira kuti une munhu mukuru autism. Hazvina kunonoka kuongororwa.

Nei kuziva kwe autism kuchikosha?

Kubvumbi Mwedzi weWorld Autism. Ive zvakare yakaonekwa seNational Autism Kuzivisa Mwedzi muUnited States. Nekudaro, vamiriri vazhinji vakadana nemazvo kudiwa kwekuwedzera ruzivo nezve maASD gore rese, uye kwete chete mukati memazuva makumi matatu akasarudzwa.

Autism kuziva kunodawo kunzwira tsitsi uye kunzwisisa kuti maASDs akasiyana kune wese munhu.

Kumwe kurapwa uye kurapwa kunogona kushandira vamwe vanhu asi kwete vamwe. Vabereki nevachengeti vanogona zvakare kuve nemaonero akasiyana munzira yakanakisa yekutsigira mwana ane autism.

Kunzwisisa autism uye vanhu vari pachiratidziro kunotanga nekuziva, asi hazvingogumira ipapo. Tarisa uone imwe nyaya yababa pane yake "kushungurudzika" nekuziva kweatism.

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peatism neADHD?

Autism neADHD dzimwe nguva vanovhiringidzika.

Vana vanoonekwa kuti vane ADHD vanogara vaine nyaya nekudzungaira, kuisa pfungwa, uye kuchengetedza kusangana kweziso nevamwe. Zviratidzo izvi zvinoonekwawo kune vamwe vanhu pane chakatarisana.

Kunyangwe paine zvimwe zvakafanana, ADHD haina kutariswa seyakajairika dambudziko. Imwe misiyano mikuru pakati pezviviri ndeyekuti vanhu vane ADHD havawanzo kushaya hunyanzvi hwekutaurirana.

Kana iwe uchifunga kuti mwana wako ane zviratidzo zvekusagadzikana, taura nachiremba wavo nezve zvinogona kuongororwa ADHD. Kuwana kuongororwa kwakajeka kwakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti mwana wako ari kuwana kurapwa kwakakodzera.

Zvinogonekawo kuti munhu ave nehutachiona neADHD. Tarisa uone ichi chinyorwa, icho chinoongorora hukama pakati peatism neADHD.

Ndeapi maonero kune vanhu vane autism?

Iko hakuna kurapwa kweASDs. Mishonga inoshanda zvakanyanya inosanganisira yekutanga uye yakasimba maitiro ekupinda. Pakutanga mwana kunyoreswa muzvirongwa izvi, zviri nani maonero avo.

Rangarira kuti autism yakaoma, uye kuti zvinotora nguva kuti munhu ane ASD awane chirongwa chakamunakira.