Chii chinonzi Cyanide Chepfu?

Zvemukati

• Chii chinonzi cyanide?
• Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvecyanide chepfu?
• Acute cyanide chepfu
• Chisingaperi cyanide chepfu
• Chii chinokonzera cyanide chepfu uye ndiani ari panjodzi?
• Ko cyanide chepfu inoonekwa sei?
• Ndedzipi nzira dzekurapa dziripo?
• Ko cyanide chepfu inogona kutungamira kune chero matambudziko?
• Ndeapi maonero?
• Maitiro ekudzivirira cyanide chepfu

Chii chinonzi cyanide?

Cyanide ndiyo imwe yenyoka dzine mukurumbira - kubva kunoverengeka dzevasori kusvika kune zvakavanzika zvekuponda, yakagadzira mukurumbira wekukonzera kufa kwekukurumidza.

Asi muhupenyu chaihwo, cyanide yakanyanya kuomarara. Cyanide inogona kureva chero chemakemikari ine kabhoni-nitrogen (CN) chisungo, uye inogona kuwanikwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoshamisa.

Semuenzaniso, inowanikwa mune zvakawanda zvakachengeteka-kudya-zvidyarwa zvemiti, zvinosanganisira maamondi, bhinzi lima, soy, uye sipinashi.

Iwe unogona zvakare kuwana cyanide mune mamwe nitrile makomputa anoshandiswa se citalopram (Celexa) uye cimetidine (Tagamet). Nitriles haina kuchetura nekuti haiburitse zviri nyore carbon-nitrogen ion, zvinova zvinoita sehupfu mumuviri.

Cyanide inotori chigadzirwa che metabolism mumuviri wemunhu. Iyo yakaburitswa mune yakaderera zviyero neese mweya.

Mafomu anouraya ecyanide anosanganisira:

• Sodium cyanide (NaCN)
• potassium cyanide (KCN)
• hydrogen cyanide (HCN)
• cyanogen chloride (CNCl)

Aya mafomu anogona kuoneka semarara, zvinwiwa, kana magasi. Iwe unonyanya kusangana neimwe yemhando idzi panguva yemoto wekuvaka.

Ramba uchiverenga kuti udzidze maitiro ekuziva zviratidzo zvecyanide chepfu, ndiani ari panjodzi huru, uye ndedzipi nzira dzekurapa dziripo.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvecyanide chepfu?

Zviratidzo zvehuturu hwecyanide exposure zvinogona kuoneka mukati memasekondi mashoma kusvika maminetsi akati wandei mushure mekuratidzwa.

Unogona kusangana:

• zvachose kushaya simba
• kusvotwa
• kuvhiringidzika
• musoro
• kunetseka kufema
• pfari
• kurasikirwa kwekuziva
• kusungwa kwemoyo

Iwe unokanganiswa zvakadii necyanide chepfu zvinoenderana ne:

• muyero
• mhando yecyanide
• wakareba sei wakafumurwa

Pane nzira mbiri dzakasiyana dzaungaone kuratidzwa kwecyanide. Acute cyanide chepfu ine pakarepo, kazhinji inotyisidzira hupenyu. Chisingaperi cyanide chepfu inoguma kubva pakuonekwa kune zvidiki zvishoma nekufamba kwenguva.

Acute cyanide chepfu

Acute cyanide poisoning isingawanzoitika, uye ruzhinji rwezviitiko zvinobva mukuratidzira kusingafungiki.

Kana zvikaitika, zviratidzo zvinongoerekana zvaitika uye zvakanyanya. Unogona kusangana:

• kunetseka kufema
• pfari
• kurasikirwa kwekuziva
• kusungwa kwemoyo

Kana iwe uchifungidzira kuti iwe kana munhu waunoda ari kusangana neacanide chepfu, tsvaga nekukurumidza kurapwa kwekukurumidza. Aya mamiriro ari kutyisidzira hupenyu.

Chisingaperi cyanide chepfu

Chisingaperi cyanide chepfu inogona kuitika kana iwe ukaratidzirwa kune yehydrogen cyanide gasi kwenguva yakati wandei yenguva.

Zviratidzo zvinowanzo zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvinowedzera mukuomarara sezvo nguva ichienderera.

Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvinogona kusanganisira:

• musoro
• kutsimwaira
• kusvotwa
• kurutsa
• vertigo
• inopenya tsvuku

Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira:

• vakawedzeredzwa vadzidzi
• clammy ganda
• inononoka, isina mweya kufema
• isina kusimba, inokurumidza kupomba
• kugwinha

Kana mamiriro akasara asina kuongororwa uye asina kurapwa, zvinogona kutungamira ku:

• inononoka, isina kujairika kurova kwemoyo
• yakaderedzwa tembiricha yemuviri
• miromo yebhuruu, kumeso, uye kumagumo
• coma
• rufu

Chii chinokonzera cyanide chepfu uye ndiani ari panjodzi?

Cyanide chepfu iri. Kana zvikaitika, zvinowanzoitika mhedzisiro yehutsi hwekuputa kana chepfu netsaona kana uchishanda pamwe kana kukomberedza cyanide.

Unogona kuve panjodzi yekuratidzwa netsaona kana iwe ukashanda mune dzimwe ndima. Mazhinji inorganic cyanide munyu anoshandiswa mune anotevera maindasitiri:

• simbi
• kugadzira kwepurasitiki
• fumigation
• kutora mifananidzo

Makemikari anogonawo kunge ari panjodzi, sezvo potasium uye sodium cyanides zvakajairika reagents anoshandiswa mumaragi.

Iwe unogona zvakare kuve panjodzi yecyanide chepfu kana iwe:

• shandisa zvakawandisa zvechipikiri chekubvisa zvine organic organic cyanide makomputa senge acetonitrile (methyl cyanide)
• inisa yakawandisa yakawanda yezvimwe zvidyarwa-zvinodyiwa, senge apricot kernels, cherry matombo, uye peach makomba

Ko cyanide chepfu inoonekwa sei?

Kana iwe uri kusangana nezviratidzo zveacute cyanide chepfu, tsvaga nekukurumidza kurapwa kwekukurumidza.

Kana iwe uri kusangana nezviratidzo zvechisingaperi cyanide chepfu, ona chiremba wako ipapo ipapo. Mushure mekukurukura zviratidzo zvako, chiremba wako achaita bvunzo dzepanyama.

Vachaitisawo kuongorora yako:

• Chikamu cheMethemoglobin. Methemoglobin inoyerwa kana paine kunetseka kwehutsi hwekuputa mweya.
• Ropa kabhoni monoxide yevasungwa (carboxyhemoglobin level). Ropa rako kabhoni monoxide yevasungwa inogona kuratidza kuwanda kweutsi hwekuputira hwaitika.
• Plasma kana yeropa lactate nhanho. Cyanide kuwanda kweropa kazhinji hakuwanikwi munguva yekubatsira kuongorora uye kurapa chakakomba cyanide chepfu, asi ivo vanogona kupa gare gare kusimbiswa kwehupfu.

Ndedzipi nzira dzekurapa dziripo?

Nhanho yekutanga yekurapa fungidziro kesi yecyanide chepfu ndeyekuziva kunobva kuburitswa. Izvi zvinobatsira chiremba wako kana mumwe mupi wezvehutano kuona nzira yakakodzera yekudzora hutachiona.

Panyaya yemoto kana chimwe chiitiko chekukurumidzira, vashandi vekununura vanoshandisa giya rekudzivirira senge kumeso kumeso, nhovo dzemaziso, uye magirovhosi maviri kuti vapinde munzvimbo uye vakuendese kunzvimbo yakachengeteka.

Kana iwe wakamwa cyanide, unogona kupihwa mashandiro emarasha kuti ubatsire kupinza muchetura uye kuibvisa zvakachengeteka kubva mumuviri wako.

Kuratidzwa kwecyanide kunogona kukanganisa kudya kweoksijeni, saka chiremba wako anogona kupa 100 muzana okisijeni kuburikidza nemask kana endotracheal tube.

Muzviitiko zvakakomba, chiremba wako anogona kupa imwe yemishonga mbiri:

• cyanide antidote kit
• hydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit)

Iyo cyanide antidote kit ine mishonga mitatu yakapihwa pamwechete: amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite, uye sodium thiosulfate. Iyo amyl nitrite inopihwa inhalation kwemasekonzi gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi matatu, nepo nitrite yesodium inoiswa mukati mehusimbe kwemaminitsi matatu kusvika mashanu. Intravenous sodium thiosulfate inoitiswa kwemaminitsi makumi matatu.

Hydroxocobalamin inobvisa cyanide nekusunga nayo kuti ibudise isina huturu vhitamini B-12. Mushonga uyu unorerutsa cyanide pamhepo inononoka kubvumidza enzyme inonzi rhodanese kuti ienderere mberi nekubvisa cyanide muropa.

Ko cyanide chepfu inogona kutungamira kune chero matambudziko?

Kana ikasarapwa, yakaoma kana isingaperi cyanide chepfu inogona kukonzera:

• pfari
• kusungwa kwemoyo
• coma

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, cyanide chepfu inogona kukonzera kufa.

Kana iwe uchifungidzira iwe kana munhu waunoda ari kusangana nezviratidzo zveakanyanya cyanide chepfu, tsvaga nekukurumidza kurapwa kwekukurumidza.

Ndeapi maonero?

Maonero ako anoenderana nerudzi rwecyanide iripo, iyo dhizaini, uye kuti wakazoburitswa kwenguva yakareba sei.

Kana iwe wakamboona yakaderera-chikamu chakanyanya kana chisingaperi kuratidzwa, maonero acho kazhinji akanaka. Kutanga kuongororwa uye kurapwa kwakakosha pakuderedza njodzi yako yezvinetso.

Makore akaenzana ekuratidzwa kwakanyanya kana kusingaperi anogona kugadziriswa nekukurumidza kuongororwa uye kurapwa.

Muzviitiko zvakakomba, zviratidzo zvinowanzoerekana zvaitika uye kutyisidzira hupenyu. Pakarepo kurapwa kwekukurumidzira kunodiwa.

Maitiro ekudzivirira cyanide chepfu

Kune nzira dzekudzora njodzi yako yekuratidzwa kwecyanide. Unogona:

• Tora matanho chaiwo pamoto wemba. Isa uye chengetedza hutsi hwekutsva. Dzivisa kushandisa nzvimbo heater uye halogen mwenje, uye dzivisa kuputa pamubhedha.
• Kuchengetedza mwana kumba kwako. Kana iwe uine vana vadiki, kudzivirira vana kumba kwako kwakakosha - kunyanya kana uri panjodzi yekuratidzwa pabasa. Chengetedza midziyo yakabata makemikari ane chepfu akachengetedzwa uye makabati avakachengetwa akavharirwa.
• Tevedza mitemo yekuchengetedza basa. Kana iwe ukashanda necyanide, shandisa rinobviswa rinobata bepa kumisikidza nzvimbo dzekushanda. Chengetedza zviyero uye hukuru hwemidziyo munzvimbo yebasa zvidiki sezvinobvira. Iwe unofanirwa zvakare kuve nechokwadi chekuti unosiya makemikari ese murabhu kana kufekitori. Usaunze kumba zvingangove zvakasviba zvipfeko kana giya rebasa.