Euthanasia, orthothanasia kana dysthanasia: zvavari uye misiyano

Zvemukati

• 1. Dysthanasia
• 2. Euthanasia
• 3. Orthothanasia

Dystanasia, euthanasia uye orthothanasia mazwi anoratidza maitiro ekurapa ane chekuita nekufa kwemurwere. Kazhinji, euthanasia inogona kutsanangurwa sechiito che "kutarisira kufa", dysthanasia se "kufa kunononoka, nekutambura", nepo orthothanasia inomiririra "kufa kwechisikigo, pasina kutarisira kana kuwedzerwa".

Aya maitiro ekurapa anokurukurwa zvakanyanya muchirevo chebioethics, inova nzvimbo inoongorora mamiriro akakodzera ehutarisiro hwehutongi hwehupenyu hwevanhu, hwemhuka uye hwezvakatipoteredza, semafungiro anogona kusiyana maererano nerutsigiro kana kwete rweaya maitiro.

Izvi zvinotevera mutsauko mukuru pakati pe dysthanasia, euthanasia uye orthothanasia:

1. Dysthanasia

Dysthanasia izwi rekurapa rinoshandiswa kutsanangura nzira yekurapa ine chekuita nekufa kwemurwere uye inoenderana nekurebesa kusingakoshi kwehupenyu kuburikidza nekushandisa mishonga inogona kuunza kutambura kumunhu.

Nekudaro, sezvo ichisimudzira kuwedzeredza kwemarwadzo nekutambura, dysthanasia inoonekwa seyakashata tsika yekurapa, nekuti, kunyangwe ichisunungura zviratidzo, haina kusimudzira hupenyu hwemunhu, ichiita kuti kufa kunonoke uye kurwadze.

2. Euthanasia

Euthanasia chiito chekupfupisa hupenyu hwemunhu, ndiko kuti, zvine chirevo chekumisa kutambura kwemunhu ane chirwere chakakomba uye chisingarapike, apo pasisina mamwe marapirwo anogona kuitwa kusimudzira mamiriro emakiriniki emunhu.

Nekudaro, euthanasia haisi pamutemo munyika zhinji, sezvo zvichisanganisira hupenyu hwevanhu. Nyanzvi dzinopesana nemuitiro uyu dzinoti hupenyu hwevanhu hahuchinjiki, uye hapana munhu ane mvumo yekuupfupisa, uyezve, zvakanyanya kuoma kutsanangura kuti ndevapi vanhu vanogona kutorerwa kutambura kwavo vasingatarisiri kufa kwavo.

Kune akasiyana marudzi euthanasia, ayo anotsanangudza zvirinani kuti tarisiro iyi yerufu ichaitwa sei, uye inosanganisira:

• Kuzvipira kushinga euthanasia: zvinoitwa nekupa mishonga kana kuita imwe nzira kuitira kutungamira murwere kurufu, mushure mokubvuma kwake;
• Akabatsirwa kuzviuraya: chiito chinoitwa apo chiremba paanopa mishonga kuitira kuti murwere pachake akwanise kupfupisa hupenyu hwake;
• Kusazvipira kushinga euthanasia: iko kupihwa kwemishonga kana mashandiro enzira dzekuendesa murwere kurufu, mune mamiriro umo murwere asina kumbobvuma. Iyi tsika haisi pamutemo munyika dzese.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti urangarire kuti kune imwe nzira yakasarudzika yehutachiona inonzi passive euthanasia, inozivikanwa nekumiswa kana kumiswa kwemishonga yekurapa iyo inochengetedza hupenyu hwemurwere, pasina kupa chero mushonga wekusimbisa. Izwi iri harishandiswe zvakanyanya, sezvo zvichionekwa kuti, pakadai, hazvikonzere kufa kwemunhu, asi rinobvumidza murwere kufa zvakasununguka, uye anogona kuumbwa mukuita kweothothanasia.

3. Orthothanasia

Orthothanasia inzira yekurapa umo mune kusimudzira kwekufa kwechisikigo, pasina kushandiswa kwezvishoma zvinobatsira, zvinokonzeresa kana zvekurapa zvekuchengetedza munhu kuti ararame uye kuwedzera kufa, sekufema kuburikidza nemidziyo, semuenzaniso.

Orthothanasia inoitwa kuburikidza nehutano hwekubatsira, inova nzira inotsvaga kuchengetedza hupenyu hwevarwere, nemhuri yake, muzvirwere zvakakomba uye zvisingarapike, zvichibatsira kudzora zviratidzo zvepanyama, zvepfungwa uye zvemagariro. Nzwisisa kuti chii chinotarisirwa uye kana zvaratidzwa.

Nekudaro, mune orthothanasia, rufu runoonekwa sechinhu chechisikigo icho munhu wese achapfuura, achitsvaga chinangwa chisiri chekufupisa kana kunonotsa kufa, asi panzvimbo pekutsvaga nzira yakanakisa yekupfuura nayo, kuchengetedza chiremerera chemunhu. ndiani anorwara.