Kudya Hove Mbishi Kwakachengeteka Uye Kune Hutano Here?

Zvemukati

• Mhando dzeRahishi Hove Dishi
• Zvirwere zveParasiti Kubva kuHove Huru
• Chiropa chinoputika
• Tapeworm
• Makonye anotenderera
• Utachiona Hutachiona
• Hove Mbishi Dzinogona Kuva Nehuwandu Hwakawanda hweZvinhu Zvinosvibisa
• Ndezvipi Zvakanakira Kudya Hove Mbishi?
• Nzira Yokuderedza Njodzi dzeHove Huru
• Icho Chinokosha

Pane zvikonzero zvinoverengeka zvinoita kuti vanhu vabike hove vasati vadya, pane kungoishandira yakashama.

Chakanyanya kukosha, kubika kunouraya mabhakitiriya uye zvipembenene zvinogona kukonzera chirwere.

Zvakangodaro, vamwe vanhu vanosarudza kuumbwa uye kuravira kwehove mbishi. Iyo inonyanya kufarirwa muJapan sechikamu chemidziyo senge sushi uye sashimi.

Asi hove mbishi yakachengeteka zvakadii? Ichi chinyorwa chinoongorora njodzi nezvakanaka.

Mhando dzeRahishi Hove Dishi

Raw hove ndiro dziri kukura mukuzivikanwa. Heano mienzaniso mishoma:

• Sushi: Chikamu chechikafu cheJapan, sushi inoratidzirwa nekubikwa, mupunga wemizambiringa uye zvimwe zvakasiyana zvinoshandiswa, kusanganisira hove mbishi.
• Sashimi: Imwe chikafu cheJapan chine hove yakasvibirira yakachekwa kana nyama.
• Poke: Saladi yeHawaii inowanzo gadzirwa nezvidimbu zvehove mbishi dzakarungwa uye dzakasanganiswa nemiriwo.
• Ceviche: Chikafu chisina kugadzikana chegungwa chakakurumbira muLatin America. Iyo inowanzo kuve nehove mbishi inorapwa mumoni kanaimuimu.
• Carpaccio: Inowanzo muItaly, carpaccio idhishi pakutanga ine yakakangwa kana kukanywa nyama yemombe yakasvibira. Izwi iri rinogona zvakare kuvhara ndiro dzakafanana dzinosanganisira mamwe marudzi enyama mbishi kana hove.
• Koi pla: Chikafu chekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAsia chine hove mbishi dzakachekwa dzakasanganiswa nejusi remuraimu nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa, zvinosanganisira hove muto, gariki, chizi, miriwo nemiriwo.
• Soused herring: Marinated raw herring iyo yakajairika muNetherlands.
• Gravlax: Chidimbu cheNordic chakagadzirwa nesalmoni mbishi inorapwa mushuga, munyu uye dhiri. Iyo tsika inodyiwa nemasitadhi muto.

Idzi idzi ndiro chikamu chakakosha chetsika yechikafu pasirese.

Hove mbishi chinhu chikuru mumidziyo dzakasiyana siyana kubva pasirese, kusanganisira sushi, sashimi uye ceviche.

Zvirwere zveParasiti Kubva kuHove Huru

Chipembenene chirimwa kana mhuka inodyisa chimwe chipenyu, chinozivikanwa semugamuchiri, pasina kupa chero bhenefiti mukudzoka.

Nepo mamwe maparasita asingakonzere chero akajeka zviratidzo zvakanyanya, mazhinji anogona kukonzera kukuvadza kwakanyanya pamusoro penguva refu.

Zvirwere zvehutachiona muvanhu idambudziko guru rehutano munyika zhinji dzinopisa. Mazhinji acho anopfuudzwa nemvura yekunwa ine hutachiona kana chikafu chisina kubikwa zvisina kunaka, kusanganisira hove mbishi.

Nekudaro, iwe unogona kudzikisira njodzi iyi nekutenga hove mbishi kubva kumaresitorendi akavimbika kana vatengesi vakabata zvakanaka uye vakaigadzira.

Pazasi pane kuongororwa kwezvimwe zvikuru zvezvirwere zvinopararira izvo zvinogona kutapurirwa kuvanhu mushure mekudya hove mbishi kana isina kubikwa.

Chiropa chinoputika

Zviropa chiropa mhuri yehutachiona hwehutachiona hunokonzera chirwere chinonzi opisthorchiasis.

Zvirwere zvinowanzoitika munzvimbo dzinopisa dzeAsia, Africa, South America uye Eastern Europe ().

Vanoongorora vanofungidzira kuti vangangoita mamirioni gumi nematanhatu vanhu pasi rese, vazhinji muSoutheast Asia, vanobatwa neopisthorchiasis.

Zviropa zvechiropa zvevakuru zvinogara muzviropa zvevanhu vane hutachiona pamwe nezvimwe zvipfuyo, zvavanodya ropa. Zvinogona kukonzera kuwedzerwa chiropa, bile duct hutachiona, gallbladder kuzvimba, nduru uye gomarara rechiropa ().

Chikonzero chikuru cheopisthorchiasis chinoratidzika kunge chiri kudya hove mbishi kana isina kubikwa zvisirizvo. Maoko asina kushambidzwa uye yakasviba yekugadzirira chikafu nzvimbo uye midziyo yemukicheni inoitawo basa (,).

Tapeworm

Hove tapeworms dzinopfuudzwa kune vanhu vanodya hove yemvura isina mbishi kana isina kubikwa kana hove dzegungwa dzinoberekera munzizi dzemvura yakachena. Izvi zvinosanganisira salmon.

Ndidzo hosha huru kwazvo dzinozivikanwa kutapurira vanhu, inosvika kureba kusvika pamamita gumi nemashanu. Masayendisiti anofungidzira kuti vanosvika kumamirioni makumi maviri vanhu vanogona kutapukirwa pasi rese (,).

Nepo hove tapeworms kazhinji dzisingakonzere zviratidzo, dzinogona kukonzera chirwere chinonzi diphyllobothriasis.

Zviratidzo zve diphyllobothriasis zvinowanzo nyoro uye zvinosanganisira kuneta, kusagadzikana mudumbu, manyoka kana kupatirwa ().

Tapeworms inogona zvakare kubira huwandu hwakakura hwehuturu kubva kumatumbu evaenzi, kunyanya vhitamini B12. Izvi zvinogona kupa kumavhitamini B12 mazinga kana kushomeka ().

Makonye anotenderera

Parasitic roundworms inogona kukonzera chirwere chinonzi anisakiasis. Makonye aya anogara muhove dzemumvura, kana hove dzinoshandisa chikamu chehupenyu hwavo mugungwa, senge salmon.

Zvirwere zvinowanzoitika kumatunhu uko hove dzinowanzo kudyiwa dzakasvibirira kana zvakapetwa zvakapetwa kana munyu, kusanganisira Scandinavia, Japan, Netherlands neSouth America.

Kusiyana nezvimwe zvipembenene zvinotakurwa nehove, Anisakis makonye anotenderera haagone kugara muvanhu kwenguva refu.

Ivo vanoedza kupomba mukati memadziro emukati, kwavanonamira uye pakupedzisira kufa. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera immune immune reaction inotungamira mukuzvimba, kurwadziwa mudumbu uye kurutsa (,).

Anisakiasis inogona zvakare kukonzera kusagadzikana kwema immune kunyangwe kana makonye akatofa kana hove ichidyiwa ().

Imwe mhuri yehutachiona hwehutachiona hunogona kukonzera chirwere chinonzi gnathostomiasis ().

Makonye aya anowanikwa muhove mbishi kana dzisina kubikwa, huku uye matatya muSoutheast Asia, Latin America, India neSouth Africa. Zvisinei, hutachiona hahuwanzoitiki kunze kweAsia.

Zviratidzo zvikuru marwadzo emudumbu, kurutsa, kudya kurasikirwa nefivha. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvinogona kukonzera maronda eganda, mapundu, kuchenesa uye kuzvimba ().

Zvichienderana nekuti mumuviri wemugadziri wemaruva anofamba achienda kupi, hutachiona hunogona kukonzera matambudziko akakomba munhengo dzakasiyana.

Kugara uchidya hove mbishi kunowedzera mukana wehutachiona hwehutachiona. Mazhinji maparasite anotakurwa nehove anogona kugara muvanhu, asi mazhinji acho kashoma kana anongowanikwa munzvimbo dzinopisa.

Utachiona Hutachiona

Chimwe chikonzero nei hove ichibikwa ndiyo njodzi yekudya chepfu.

Zviratidzo zvikuru zvehupfu hwechikafu zvinosanganisira kushungurudza mudumbu, kuda kurutsa, kurutsa uye manyoka.

Zvichida hutachiona hunokuvadza hwakawanikwa muhove mbishi hunosanganisira Listeria, Vibrio, Clostridium uye Salmonella (, , ).

Imwe ongororo yakabva kuUS yakawana kuti chingangoita gumi muzana yezvokudya zvegungwa mbishi zvakatorwa kunze kwenyika uye 3% yezvikafu zvegungwa mbishi zvakaedzwa Salmonella ().

Nekudaro, kune vanhu vane hutano, njodzi yekudya chepfu kubva mukudya hove mbishi kazhinji idiki.

Vanhu vane immune system isina kusimba, sevakwegura, vana vadiki uye varwere veHIV, vari nyore kubatwa nezvirwere. Aya mapoka ane njodzi huru anofanirwa kudzivirira nyama mbishi nehove.

Pamusoro pezvo, vakadzi vane nhumbu vanowanzo kurairwa kuti vasadye hove mbishi nekuda kwenjodzi ye Listeria hutachiona, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kufa kwefetus.

Parizvino, vangangoita gumi nevaviri mune ese 100 000 vakadzi vane nhumbu vanotapukirwa muUS ().

Imwe njodzi inosangana nekudya hove mbishi chikafu chepfu. Vanhu vane immune system isina kusimba vanofanirwa kudzivirira kudya nyama mbishi nehove.

Hove Mbishi Dzinogona Kuva Nehuwandu Hwakawanda hweZvinhu Zvinosvibisa

Persistent organic organic pollutants (POPs) ane chepfu, anogadzirwa nemaindasitiri emakemikari, akadai se polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) uye polybrominated diphenyl esters (PBDEs).

Hove dzinozivikanwa kuunganidza POPs, kunyanya hove dzakarimwa, salmon. Kushandiswa kwehupfu hwehove hwakashatiswa zvinoita kunge ndiko kunokonzeresa (,,).

Kudya kwakanyanya kwezvinhu izvi zvinosvibisa kwave kuchisanganisirwa nezvirwere zvisingaperi zvinosanganisira kenza uye mhando 2 chirwere cheshuga (,).

Imwe ongororo yakawana kuti huwandu hwePOPs hwaive hwasvika makumi maviri nematanhatu muzana pasalmoni yakabikwa zvichienzaniswa nesarimoni mbishi yerudzi rwakafanana ().

Simbi inorema inorema, senge mercury, zvakare zvine hutano. Chimwe chidzidzo chakawana kuti huwandu hwe bioaccessible mercury hwaive 50-60% yakaderera muhove dzakabikwa kupfuura muhove mbishi ().

Nzira iyo inoshanda nayo haina kunyatsojeka, asi inoita kunge inosanganisirwa nekurasikirwa kwemafuta kubva kuhove dzehove ivo pavanenge vachigadzirwa.

Kunyangwe kubika hove kungave kunoshanda pakuderedza kusvibiswa kwako kune zvakawanda zvinosvibisa, zvinogona kusashanda pane zvese zvinosvibisa ().

Kubika hove kunoratidzika kudzikisira huwandu hwezvimwe zvinosvibisa, zvinosanganisira maPCB, PBDEs uye mercury.

Ndezvipi Zvakanakira Kudya Hove Mbishi?

Kune mashoma mabhenefiti ehutano pakudya hove mbishi.

Kutanga, hove mbishi haina zvinosvibisa izvo zvinoita kana hove yakagochwa kana kukangwa. Semuenzaniso, hove dzakabikwa pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya dzinogona kunge dziine huwandu hwakasiyana hweheterocyclic amines ().

Ongororo dzekucherechedza dzakabatana nekudyiwa kwakanyanya kweheterocyclic amines ine njodzi yakawedzera yekenza ().

Chechipiri, hove yehove inogona kudzora huwandu hweiyo omega-3 fatty acids, se eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) uye docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (,).

Muchidimbu, zvimwe zvikamu zvehutano hwehutano zvinogona kudzikisira kana hove ichibikwa.

Pamusoro pezvo, kune zvimwe zvakanaka zvekudya hove mbishi dzisina chekuita nehutano. Kusava nekubika kunochengetedza nguva, uye kukoshesa mbichana mbichana ndiro dzinobatsira kuchengetedza kusiyana kwetsika.

Hove mbishi haina zvakashatisa zvinogona kuumbika panguva yekubika. Inogona zvakare kupa yakakwira nhanho yezvimwe zvinovaka muviri, senge refu-cheni omega-3 fatty acids.

Nzira Yokuderedza Njodzi dzeHove Huru

Kana iwe uchinakirwa nekuravira uye kugadzirwa kwehove mbishi, pane nzira dzinoverengeka dzaungadzikise njodzi yehutachiona uye hutachiona hutachiona.

• Ingodya chete hove mbishi dzakaomeswa nechando: Kusunungura hove kwevhiki pa -4 ° F (-20 ° C), kana kwemaawa gumi nemashanu pa -31 ° F (-35 ° C), inzira inoshanda yekuuraya zvipembenene. Asi ramba uchifunga kuti mamwe mafriji emumba anogona kutonhora zvakakwana ().
• Wongorora hove dzako: Kutarisa hove kunoonekwa usati wadya kunobatsirawo, asi kunogona kunge kusakwana sezvo zvipembenene zvakawanda zvakaoma kuona.
• Tenga kubva kune vane mbiri vatengesi: Ita shuwa yekutenga hove dzako kubva kumaresitorendi anovimbwa kana vatengesi vehove vakachengeta nekuibata nemazvo.
• Tenga hove mufiriji: Ingotenga hove dzakaiswa mufiriji kana kuratidzwa pasi pechifukidziro pamubhedha wakakora wechando.
• Ita shuwa kuti inonhuwirira nyowani: Usadye hove dzinonhuwa kana kuva nehove yakawandisa.
• Usachengetedze hove nyowani kwenguva refu. Kana iwe ukasaisa chando hove dzako, chengeta pane chando mufiriji yako uye udye mukati memazuva mashoma ekuzvitenga.
• Usasiye hove kunze kwenguva refu. Usambofa wakasiya hove kunze kwefriji kweanopfuura kana maviri maawa. Hutachiona hunowanda nekukurumidza mukati tembiricha yemukati.
• Geza maoko: Chenesa maoko ako mushure mokubata hove mbishi kuitira kuti usasvibise chikafu chaunobata mushure.
• Chenesa kicheni yako nemidziyo: Midziyo yemukicheni nenzvimbo dzekugadzirira chikafu zvinofanirwawo kucheneswa zvakanaka kudzivirira kusvibiswa.

Kunyange kutonhora kusingauraye mabhakitiriya ese, inomisa kukura kwavo uye inogona kudzikisa huwandu hwayo ().

Kunyangwe ichifambisa, kutsvaira kana hove inoputa inotonhora inogona kudzikisa huwandu hwehutachiona uye mabhakitiriya ainayo, idzi nzira hadzina kuvimbika zvachose mukudzivirira chirwere ().

Nzira yakanakisa yekubvisa zvipembenene muhove mbishi ndeye kuisimamisa pa -4 ° F (-20 ° C) kwemazuva manomwe. Kutonhora zvakare kunomisa kukura kwebhakitiriya, asi hakuuraye mabhakitiriya ese.

Icho Chinokosha

Kudya hove mbishi kunosanganisirwa nenjodzi yakakwira yehutachiona hwehutachiona uye chepfu yekudya. Nekudaro, iwe unogona kudzikisa njodzi nekutevera mashoma akareruka nhungamiro.

Kune kutanga, gara uchitenga hove dzako kubva kune vane mukurumbira vatengesi.

Pamusoro pezvo, hove mbishi dzinofanirwa kunge dzakaomeswa nechando, sezvo kudziisa pa -4 ° F (-20 ° C) kwevhiki kunofanirwa kuuraya utachiona hwese.

Chengetedza hove yakanyungudutswa paaizi mufiriji uye uidye mukati memazuva mashoma.

Uchitevera aya marongero, unogona kunakirwa nehove mbishi pamba nekumaresitorendi nenjodzi shoma kuhutano hwako.