Leishmaniasis

Zvemukati

• Ndedzipi mhando dze leishmaniasis?
• Yakatemwa leishmaniasis
• Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
• Visceral leishmaniasis
• Chii chinokonzera leishmaniasis?
• Ndiani ari panjodzi ye leishmaniasis?
• Geography
• Mamiriro ezvinhu ehupfumi
• Zvimwe zvirwere
• Ndezvipi zviratidzo zve leishmaniasis?
• Yakatemwa leishmaniasis
• Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
• Visceral leishmaniasis
• Leishmaniasis inoonekwa sei?
• Kuongorora cutaneous leishmaniasis
• Kuongorora visceral leishmaniasis
• Ndeapi marapirwo eleishmaniasis?
• Yakatemwa leishmaniasis
• Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
• Visceral leishmaniasis
• Ndeapi matambudziko angangoita eishmaniasis?
• Ndingaite sei kudzivirira leishmaniasis?
• Ndeupi mutarisiro wenguva refu?

Chii chinonzi leishmaniasis?

Leishmaniasis chirwere chehutachiona chinokonzerwa neiyo Leishmania chisvetasimba. Utachiona uhu hunogara mukati mehutachiona hwenhunzi dzine hutachiona. Unogona kubata leishmaniasis kubva pakurumwa nejecha rine hutachiona.

Iyo jecha inobhururuka inotakura hutachiona inowanzo kugara munzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzinopisa. Zvirwere zvinouraya zvakaitika munzvimbo dzeAsia, East Africa, neSouth America.

Matunhu akabatwa anowanzo kuve ari kure uye asina kugadzikana, aine zviwanikwa zvishoma zvekurapa chirwere ichi. Doctors Without Borders inodaidza leishmaniasis chimwe chezvinhu zvine njodzi zvakanyanya kuregeredzwa zvekupisa. Sangano iri rinoti zvakare chirwere ichi chiri chechipiri kumarariya muzvikonzero zvehutachiona hwerufu.

Ndedzipi mhando dze leishmaniasis?

Leishmaniasis inouya nenzira nhatu: dzakatemwa, dzinoonekwa, uye mucocutaneous. Mhando dzakasiyana dze Leishmania utachiona hwakabatana neimwe fomu. Nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti kune makumi maviri Leishmania mhando dzinogona kutapurira chirwere kuvanhu.

Yakatemwa leishmaniasis

Cutaneous leishmaniasis inokonzera maronda paganda rako. Iyo ndiyo yakajairika fomu ye leishmaniasis. Kurapa kunogona kusakosha nguva dzose zvichienderana nemunhu, asi kunogona kukurumidza kupora uye kudzivirira kusangana.

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

Chimiro chisingawanzoitiki chechirwere, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis inokonzerwa neyakagurwa fomu yehutachiona uye inogona kuitika mwedzi yakati wandei maronda eganda apora.

Nemhando iyi ye leishmaniasis, zvipembenene zvinopararira kumhino, pahuro, uye pamuromo. Izvi zvinogona kutungamira mukuparara kusasarura kana kuzere kweiyo mucous membranes munzvimbo idzodzo.

Kunyangwe mucocutaneous leishmaniasis inowanzoonekwa sechinhu chiduku che cutmaniasis, inowedzera zvakanyanya Hazvipore zvega uye zvinoda kurapwa.

Visceral leishmaniasis

Visceral leishmaniasis dzimwe nguva inozivikanwa se systemic leishmaniasis kana kala azar.

Inowanzoitika mwedzi miviri kusvika misere mushure mekurumwa nenhunzi yejecha. Inokuvadza nhengo dzemukati, senge yako spleen uye chiropa. Inobatawo mwongo wemapfupa ako, pamwe nema immune ako kuburikidza nekukuvara kwenhengo idzi.

Mamiriro acho anenge achifa nguva dzose kana ikasarapwa.

Chii chinokonzera leishmaniasis?

Leishmaniasis inokonzerwa nema protozoan tupukanana kubva ku Leishmania mhando. Iwe unowana leishmaniasis kubva pakurumwa nehutachiona hwejecha hutachiona.

Utachiona hunorarama uye hunowanda mukati mejecha rechikadzi. Chipembenene ichi chinonyanya kushanda munzvimbo dzine hunyoro mukati memwedzi inodziya uye husiku, kubva manheru kusvika kwaedza. Mhuka dzekumba, dzakadai sembwa, dzinogona kushanda semidziyo yeparasite. Kufambisa kunogona kuitika kubva kumhuka kusvika kujecha kubhururuka kumunhu.

Vanhu vanogona zvakare kuendesa utachiona pakati peumwe kuburikidza neropa kuwedzerwa kana yakagovaniswa tsono. Mune mamwe mativi epasi, kutapurirana kunogona kuitikawo kubva kumunhu kuenda kujecha kubhururuka kuenda kumunhu.

Ndiani ari panjodzi ye leishmaniasis?

Geography

Chirwere ichi chinowanikwa kwese pasi pano kusara kweAustralia neAntarctica. Nekudaro, ingangoita 95 muzana yezviitiko zvidimbu zvinoitika mu:

• America
• Central Asia
• bheseni reMediterranean
• kuMiddle East

Muna 2015 pamusoro penyaya dzekuona dzakaitika mu:

• Bhuraziri
• Ithiyopiya
• India
• Kenya
• Somaria
• South Sudan
• Sudhani

Kana iwe uchigara mukati kana kuenda kunzvimbo dzinopisa kana dzedutu dzenyika idzi nematunhu, uri panjodzi yakanyanya kukura yekubatira chirwere. Zvakatipoteredza uye mamiriro ekunze akakanganisa zvakanyanya kupararira kwechirwere.

Mamiriro ezvinhu ehupfumi

Zvinoenderana nehurombo, ndicho chinoona chirwere. Uye zvakare, leishmaniasis inowanzoitika munzvimbo dzinowanikwa zviitiko zvinotevera:

• kushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri
• nzara
• kushayikwa kwemari zviwanikwa
• kutama kukuru kwevanhu kunokonzerwa nekugara mumadhorobha, mamiriro ekukurumidzira, hondo, shanduko yezvakatipoteredza uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze

Zvimwe zvirwere

Vanhu vane simba rekudzivirira immune vari panjodzi yekuwedzera kweichi chiitiko.

HIV inogona kukanganisa kutapurirana kweleishmaniasis uye inowedzera njodzi ye visceral leishmaniasis. HIV uye leishmaniasis zvinokanganisa masero akafanana e immune immune.

Vanhu vane hutachiwana hweHIV vanowanzobatwa neleishmaniasis. Munzvimbo dzeEthiopia, zvinofungidzirwa kuti vakawanda sevanhu vane leishmaniasis vane HIV zvakare.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zve leishmaniasis?

Vanhu vanogona kutakura mamwe marudzi e Leishmania kwenguva yakareba pasina kurwara. Zviratidzo zvinoenderana nechimiro chechirwere.

Yakatemwa leishmaniasis

Chiratidzo chikuru cheichi chiitiko hachina maronda eganda. Zviratidzo zvekucheka zvinogona kuoneka masvondo mashoma mushure mekurumwa nejecha rinobatwa nehutachiona. Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva zviratidzo hazvingaratidziki kwemwedzi kana makore.

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

Mune vanhu vane mucocutaneous fomu yechirwere, zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa gore rimwe chete kana mashanu mushure meganda maronda. Aya anonyanya kuve maronda mumuromo nemumhino kana pamiromo yavo.

Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira:

• inoyerera kana yakakora mhino
• mhino dzemhino
• kunetseka kufema

Visceral leishmaniasis

Zviratidzo hazviwanzo kuoneka kwemwedzi mushure mekurumwa nerudzi urwu rwe leishmaniasis. Kazhinji kesi dzinoonekwa mwedzi miviri kana mitanhatu mushure mekuitika kwehutachiona. Zviratidzo uye zviratidzo zvinosanganisira:

• kuonda
• kushaya simba
• fivha inogara kwemavhiki kana mwedzi
• akawedzera spleen
• chiropa chakawedzerwa
• yakaderera kugadzirwa kwemasero eropa
• kubuda ropa
• zvimwe zvirwere
• kuzvimba lymph nodes

Leishmaniasis inoonekwa sei?

Zvakakosha kuudza chiremba wako kana iwe waigara kana kushanyira nzvimbo iyo leishmaniasis yakajairika. Nenzira iyoyo chiremba wako achaziva kuti akuedzei utachiona. Kana iwe uine leishmaniasis, chiremba wako anoshandisa imwe bvunzo kuona kuti ndeapi marudzi e Leishmania ndiyo honzeri.

Kuongorora cutaneous leishmaniasis

Chiremba wako anogona kutora shoma yeganda kune biopsy nekukanya imwe yeanoronda. Ivo vanowanzo tsvaga iyo DNA, kana iyo genetic zvinhu, zvehutachiona. Vanogona kushandisa nzira dzakasiyana siyana kuti vaone mhando dzehutachiona hunokonzera hutachiona.

Kuongorora visceral leishmaniasis

Nguva zhinji, vanhu havayeuke kuruma kubva kubhururuka nhunzi. Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti mamiriro acho ave akaoma kuongorora.

Nhoroondo yekurarama kana kufamba uchienda kunharaunda ye leishmaniasis inobatsira. Chiremba wako anogona kutanga aongorora panyama kuti atsvage yakawedzera spleen kana chiropa. Ivo vanogona vozoita bone marrow biopsy kana kutora muyero weropa kuti uongororwe.

Mhando dzakasiyana dzehunyanzvi bvunzo dzinobatsira nekuongororwa. Akakosha makemikari matangi emongo wemapfupa anogona kubatsira kuona maseru emunodzivirirwa nehutachiona.

Ndeapi marapirwo eleishmaniasis?

Antiparasitic mishonga, yakadai seamphotericin B (Ambisome), inorapa mamiriro aya. Chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira kumwe kurapwa kunoenderana nerudzi rwe leishmaniasis yauinayo.

Yakatemwa leishmaniasis

Maronda anocheka anowanzopora pasina kurapwa. Nekudaro, kurapwa kunogona kukurumidza kupora, kudzikisira vanga, uye kudzikisa njodzi yekuwedzera chirwere. Chero maronda eganda anokonzeresa kuora anokwanisa kuvhiyiwa epurasitiki.

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

Aya maronda haarape zvakasikwa. Vanogara vachida kurapwa. Liposomal amphotericin B uye paromomycin inogona kurapa mucocutaneous leishmaniasis.

Visceral leishmaniasis

Visceral chirwere chinogara chichida kurapwa. Mishonga yakati wandei inowanikwa. Mishonga inowanzo shandiswa inosanganisira sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam), amphotericin B, paromomycin, uye miltefosine (Impavido).

Ndeapi matambudziko angangoita eishmaniasis?

Cutaneous leishmaniasis matambudziko anogona kusanganisira:

• kubuda ropa
• zvimwe hutachiona nekuda kwekushaya simba kwema immune system, ayo anogona kutyisidzira hupenyu
• kusvibiswa

Visceral leishmaniasis inowanzo kuuraya nekuda kwemhedzisiro yazvinoita pane zvese zvemukati nhengo uye immune system yako. Kana uine HIV kana AIDS, uri panjodzi huru yekubatwa nechirwere ichi. Kuva neHIV kana AIDS kunogona zvakare kuomesa nzira ye leishmaniasis, pamwe nekurapwa.

Ndingaite sei kudzivirira leishmaniasis?

Iko hakuna mushonga kana mushonga weprophylactic unowanikwa. Nzira chete yekudzivirira leishmaniasis ndeyekurega kurumwa nhunzi yejecha.

Tevedza nhanho idzi kubatsira kudzivirira kurumwa nejecha nhunzi:

• Pfeka mbatya dzinofukidza ganda rakawanda sezvinobvira. Mabhurugwa marefu, mahembe ane maoko marefu akaiswa mumabhurugwa, uye masokisi akakwirira anokurudzirwa.
• Shandisa zvipembenene zvinodzinga pane chero ganda rakaratidzwa uye kumagumo ebhurugwa rako nemaoko. Iyo inonyanya kushanda zvipembenene zvinodzosera zvine DEET.
• Mwaya nzvimbo dzekuvata mukati nemushonga wezvipembenene.
• Rara pahuriri hwepamusoro hwechivakwa. Izvo zvipembenene zvipenga zvishoma.
• Dzivisa kunze kwekunze pakati pehusiku nemambakwedza. Apa ndipo apo nhunzi dzejecha dzinonyanya kushanda.
• Shandisa masikirini uye mhepo yekunze mukati kana zvichikwanisika. Kushandisa mafeni kunogona kuita kuti zviome zvakanyanya kuti zvipembenene kubhururuka.
• Shandisa mambure ekurara akaiswa mumetiresi yako. Nhunzi dzejecha idiki zvakanyanya kudarika mosquitos, saka unoda mambure akasungwa. Tsvina mambure nemushonga wezvipembenene une pyrethroid kana zvichibvira.

Tenga maneti emubhedha, mishonga inouraya zvipembenene, uye zvinodzinga usati waenda kunzvimbo dzine njodzi huru.

Ndeupi mutarisiro wenguva refu?

Maronda anogona kukonzeresa mavanga nekusingaperi. Kurapa kunogona kudzikisira kuomarara kwavo.

Mishonga inogona kuporesa chirwere. Nekudaro, kurapwa kunonyanya kushanda kana watanga pasati paitika kukuvara kwakanyanya ku immune system yako.

Visceral leishmaniasis inowanzo kuuraya mukati memakore maviri kana isina kurapwa zvakanaka.