Maperembudzi

Zvemukati

• Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvemaperembudzi?
• Maperembudzi anoita sei?
• Maperembudzi anopararira sei?
• Ndeapi marudzi emaperembudzi?
• 1. Maperembudzi emaperembudzi maringe nemaperembudzi maperembudzi maringe nemuganhu wemaperembudzi
• 2.Kurongwa kweWorld Health Organisation (WHO)
• 3. Ridley-Jopling kupatsanura
• Maperembudzi anoonekwa sei?
• Maperembudzi anorapwa sei?
• Ndeapi matambudziko anogona kuve nemaperembudzi?
• Ndingadzivirire sei maperembudzi?
• Ndeipi tarisiro yenguva refu?
• Chinyorwa zvinyorwa

Chii chinonzi maperembudzi?

Maperembudzi chirwere chisingaperi, chinopfuurira chehutachiona chinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya Mycobacterium leprae. Inonyanya kukanganisa tsinga dzemugumo, ganda, mubato wemhino, uye yekumusoro nzira yekufema. Maperembudzi anozivikanwa zvakare sechirwere cheHansen.

Maperembudzi anogadzira maronda eganda, kukuvara kwetsinga, uye kupera simba kwemhasuru. Kana ikasarapwa, inogona kukonzeresa zvakanyanya uye kuremara kwakakura.

Maperembudzi ndechimwe chezvirwere zvekare kwazvo munhoroondo yakanyorwa. Chinyorwa chekutanga chinozivikanwa chakanyorwa chemaperembudzi chinobva kuma600 BC.

Maperembudzi anowanikwa munyika zhinji, kunyanya dziya dzine nzvimbo dzinopisa kana dzinopisa. Hazvina kujairika muUnited States. Iyo mishumo yekuti chete zana nemakumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu emakesi matsva anowanikwa muUnited States gore rega rega.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvemaperembudzi?

Zviratidzo zvikuru zvemaperembudzi zvinosanganisira:

• kushaya simba kwetsandanyama
• chiveve mumaoko, maoko, tsoka nemakumbo
• maronda eganda

Iwo maronda eganda anokonzeresa kudzikira kwekunzwa kubata, tembiricha, kana kurwadziwa. Hazvipore, kunyangwe mushure memavhiki akati wandei. Ivo vakareruka kupfuura ako akajairika ganda toni kana ivo vangave akatsvuka kubva kuzvimba.

Maperembudzi anoita sei?

Maperembudzi anopararira sei?

Utachiona Mycobacterium leprae inokonzera maperembudzi. Izvo zvinofungidzirwa kuti maperembudzi anopararira kuburikidza nekubatana nemucous secretions yemunhu ane hutachiona. Izvi zvinowanzoitika kana munhu ane maperembudzi akahotsira kana kukosora.

Chirwere hachina kunyanya kutapukira. Nekudaro, kuswedera, kudzokororazve kusangana nemunhu asina kurapwa kwenguva yakareba kunogona kutungamira kubatwa nemaperembudzi.

Utachiona hunokonzera maperembudzi hunowanda zvishoma nezvishoma. Chirwere ichi chine avhareji incubation nguva (iyo nguva iri pakati pehutachiona uye kuoneka kwezviratidzo zvekutanga) zve, sekureva kweWorld Health Organisation (WHO).

Zviratidzo zvinogona kusaratidzika kwenguva yakareba semakore makumi maviri.

Sekureva kweNew England Journal of Medicine, armadillo yekumaodzanyemba kweUnited States neMexico inogona zvakare kutakura chirwere ichi ichichiendesa kuvanhu.

Ndeapi marudzi emaperembudzi?

Pane maitiro matatu ekuisa maperembudzi.

1. Maperembudzi emaperembudzi maringe nemaperembudzi maperembudzi maringe nemuganhu wemaperembudzi

Iyo yekutanga system inoona matatu marudzi emaperembudzi: tuberculoid, lepromatous, uye muganho. Kuzvidzivirira kwemunhu kuchirwere kunosarudza kuti ndedzipi mhando dzemaperembudzi dzavanadzo:

• Mune maperembudzi emaperembudzi, immune immune mhinduro yakanaka. Munhu ane rudzi urwu rwehutachiona anongoratidzira maronda mashoma. Chirwere chinyoro uye chinotapukira chete.
• Mune maperembudzi ane maperembudzi, immune immune haina kunaka. Rudzi urwu runobatawo ganda, tsinga, uye dzimwe nhengo. Kune maronda akapararira, anosanganisira maqhumu (mapundu mahombe nemapundu). Ichi chimiro chechirwere chinotapukira zvikuru.
• Mune maperembudzi emuganhu, kune makiriniki maficha ese maviri tuberculoid uye maperembudzi maperembudzi. Mhando iyi inoonekwa seiri pakati pemamwe marudzi maviri.

2.Kurongwa kweWorld Health Organisation (WHO)

chirwere ichi chakavakirwa parudzi uye nhamba yenzvimbo dzakakanganiswa dzeganda:

• Chikamu chekutanga ndeche paucibacillary. Kune mashanu kana mashoma maronda uye hapana bhakitiriya yakawanikwa mune yeganda sampuli.
• Chikamu chechipiri ndeche multibacillary. Kune maronda anodarika mashanu, iyo bhakitiriya inowanikwa mukati meganda smear, kana ese ari maviri.

3. Ridley-Jopling kupatsanura

Zvidzidzo zvekuchipatara zvinoshandisa iyo Ridley-Jopling system. Iine zvikamu zvishanu zvinoenderana nekuoma kwezviratidzo.

Kune zvakare chimiro chemaperembudzi anonzi indeterminate maperembudzi ayo asina kuverengerwa muRidley-Jopling classification system. Inoonekwa seyakanyanya kare maperembudzi apo munhu anenge achingova neronda rimwe chete reganda iro rakangoti rukutu kubata.

Maperembudzi asingagumi anogona kugadzirisa kana kufambira mberi kuenda kune imwe yemhando shanu dzemaperembudzi mukati meRidley-Jopling system.

Maperembudzi anoonekwa sei?

Chiremba wako anoitisa ongororo yemuviri kuti atarise zviratidzo uye zviratidzo zvechirwere. Vachaitawo biopsy iyo yavanobvisa nhindi yeganda kana tsinga voitumira kurabhoritari kunoongororwa.

Chiremba wako anogona zvakare kuita ane maperembudzi ganda bvunzo kuti aone chimiro chemaperembudzi. Vanobaya hutachiona hushoma hunokonzera maperembudzi, uhwo hwave husina kugadzirwa, mukati meganda, kazhinji pachigaro chepamusoro.

Vanhu vane tuberculoid kana muganhu tuberculoid maperembudzi vanozoona yakanaka mhedzisiro panzvimbo yejekiseni.

Maperembudzi anorapwa sei?

WHO yakatanga muna 1995 kurapa marudzi ese emaperembudzi. Inowanikwa mahara pasirese.

Pamusoro pezvo, mishonga inoverengeka inorapa maperembudzi nekuuraya hutachiona hunoukonzera. Aya maantibayoti anosanganisira:

• dapsone (Aczone)
• rifampin (Rifadin)
• clofazimine (Lamprene)
• minocycline (Minocin)
• ofloxacin (Ocuflux)

Chiremba wako angangopa mishonga inodarika imwechete panguva imwe chete.

Vanogona zvakare kuda kuti iwe utore inorwisa-kupisa mishonga yakadai seaspirin (Bayer), prednisone (Rayos), kana thalidomide (Thalomid). Iyo yekurapa ichagara kwemwedzi uye pamwe kusvika kune 1 kusvika 2 makore.

Iwe haufanire kumbotora thalidomide kana iwe uri kana kuti ungangove nepamuviri. Inogona kuburitsa zvakakomba kuberekwa hurema.

Ndeapi matambudziko anogona kuve nemaperembudzi?

Kunonoka kuongororwa uye kurapwa kunogona kutungamira kumatambudziko akakomba. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira:

• kusvibiswa
• kurasikirwa bvudzi, kunyanya pane tsiye uye eyelashes
• kushaya simba kwetsandanyama
• zvachose tsinga kukuvara mumaoko uye makumbo
• kutadza kushandisa maoko nemakumbo
• kusingaperi kusanzwisisika kwemhino, kubuda ropa mumhino, uye kudonha kwepasal septum
• iritis, iko kuputika kweiyo iris yeziso
• glaucoma, chirwere cheziso chinokonzera kukuvara kwetsinga dzemaziso
• upofu
• erectile kudzvinyirira (ED)
• kushaya mbereko
• itsvo kutadza

Ndingadzivirire sei maperembudzi?

Nzira yakanakisa yekudzivirira maperembudzi ndeyekudzivirira kwenguva refu, kusangana padyo nemunhu asina kurapwa uyo ane hutachiona.

Ndeipi tarisiro yenguva refu?

Maonero ese ari nani kana chiremba wako akaongorora maperembudzi nekukasira kusati kwanyanya. Kurapa kwekutanga kunodzivirira kumwe kukuvara kwenyama, kunomisa kupararira kwechirwere, uye kunodzivirira matambudziko akakomba ehutano.

Maonero acho anonyanya kuipa kana kuongororwa kuchiitika padanho repamberi, mushure mekunge munhu ave nehurema hwakakura kana kuremara. Zvisinei, kurapwa kwakakodzera kuchiri kudikanwa kudzivirira chero kumwe kukuvara kwemuviri uye kudzivirira kupararira kwechirwere kune vamwe.

Panogona kunge paine kusagadzikana kwezvekurapa kunyangwe paine nzira yakabudirira yemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, asi chiremba wako anozokwanisa kushanda newe kuti upe rubatsiro rwakakodzera kuitira kuti ubatsire kutsungirira nekugadzirisa chero mamiriro ezvinhu akasara.

Chinyorwa zvinyorwa

• Anand PP, et al. (2014). Akanaka maperembudzi: Chimwe kumeso kwechirwere cheHansen! Ongororo. DOI: 10.1016 / j.ejcdt.2014.04.005
• Kupatsanurwa kwemaperembudzi. (nd).
• Gaschignard J, et al. (2016). Maperembudzi ePauci- uye e-multibacillary: Zvirwere zviviri zvakasarudzika, zvisina hunhu.
• Maperembudzi. (2018).
• Maperembudzi. (nd). https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/leprosy/
• Maperembudzi (hosha yaHansen). (nd). https://medicalguidelines.msf.org/viewport/CG/english/leprosy-hansens-disease-16689690.html
• Maperembudzi: Kurapa. (nd). http://www.searo.who.int/entity/leprosy/topics/the_treatment
• Pardillo FEF, et al. (2007). Nzira dzekuisa maperembudzi pakurapa. https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/44/8/1096/298106
• Scollard D, et al. (2018). Maperembudzi: Epidemiology, microbiology, kiriniki kuratidzwa, uye kuongororwa. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/leprosy-epidemiology-microbiology-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis
• Tierney D, et al. (2018). Maperembudzi. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/mycobacteria/leprosy
• Truman RW, et al. (2011). Zvichida zoonotic maperembudzi kumaodzanyemba kweUnited States. DOI: 10.1056 / NEJMoa1010536
• Chii chinonzi Hansen's disease? (2017).
• WHO mishonga yakawanda yemishonga. (nd).