Kuongorora Melanoma: Kuongorora Kunotsanangurwa
Zvemukati
- Vanachiremba vanoona sei danho remelanoma?
- Chii chinonzi TNM staging system?
- Ndeapi matanho e melanoma uye kurapwa kwakakurudzirwa?
- Matipi ekudzivirira e melanoma
Kuratidzira melanoma
Melanoma rudzi rwegomarara reganda rinoguma apo maseru ane gomarara anotanga kukura mumaranocytes, kana masero anogadzira melanin. Aya ndiwo masero anokonzera kupa ganda ruvara rwayo. Melanoma inogona kuitika chero paganda, kunyangwe mumaziso. Kunyangwe mamiriro acho ari mashoma, vanachiremba vari kuongorora huwandu hukuru hwevanhu vane melanoma kupfuura nakare kose.
Kana munhu akaonekwa kuti ane melanoma, chiremba anoitisa bvunzo kuti aone kuti melanoma yapararira zvakadii uye kuti bundu racho rakakura zvakadii. Chiremba anozoshandisa iyi ruzivo kupa danho kune iro rudzi rwekenza. Pane zvikamu zvishanu zvikuru zvemelanoma, kubva padanho 0 kusvika padanho rechinomwe. Kukwidziridzwa kwenhamba, kenza inowedzera kuwedzera
Nekushandisa nzira yekuratidzira, vanachiremba nevarwere vanokwanisa zvirinani kuti vanzwisise avo marapirwo uye fungidziro. Staging inopa inokurumidza mareferensi poindi yekubatsira vanachiremba kutaurirana neumwe neumwe maererano nezvehurongwa hwemunhu hwekurapa uye nemaonero ese.
Vanachiremba vanoona sei danho remelanoma?
Vanachiremba vanokurudzira nzira dzinoverengeka dzekuyedza kuona huvepo nekupararira kwemelanoma. Mienzaniso yenzira idzi inosanganisira:
- Kuongorora kwepanyama. Melanoma inogona kukura chero kupi pamuviri. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei vanachiremba vachiwanzokurudzira kuongorora kwakaperera kweganda, kusanganisira pamusoro weganda uye pakati pezvigunwe. Chiremba anogona zvakare kubvunza nezve chero shanduko yazvino paganda kana mune ma moles aripo.
- CT scan. Iyo inonziwo CAT scan, CT scan inogona kugadzira mifananidzo yemuviri kuti ione zviratidzo zvinogona kuitika zvebundu uye bundu rinopararira.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Iyi scan inoshandisa simba remagineti uye redhiyo kugadzira mifananidzo. Chiremba anogona kupa radioactive zvinhu zvinozivikanwa se gadolinium iyo inoratidza cancer maseru.
- Positron emission tomography (PET) scan. Iyi imwe yemhando yekufungidzira yerudzi inoedza uko muviri uri kushandisa glucose (shuga yeropa) yesimba. Nekuti mapundu anodya glucose zvakanyanya, anowanzo kuratidza semavara akajeka pane iyo imaging.
- Kuongorora ropa. Vanhu vane melanoma vanogona kunge vane yakakwira-kupfuura-yakajairwa mazinga eiyo enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).
- Biopsy. Chiremba anogona kutora muenzaniso wechironda chinogona kuve chegomarara pamwe nema lymph node ari padyo.
Vanachiremba vachatarisa mhedzisiro yeimwe yeiyi bvunzo pavanotarisa cancer cancer.
Chii chinonzi TNM staging system?
Vanachiremba vanowanzo shandisa staging system inozivikanwa seAmerican Joint Committee yeCancer (AJCC) TNM system. Tsamba yega yega yeTNM system inoita basa rekumisa bundu.
- T ndeyemarara. Iyo yakakura bundu rakura, iko kuwedzera kwakanyanya bundu rinowanzo kuve. Vanachiremba vanopa T-mamaki zvichienderana nesaizi yemelanoma. T0 haisi humbowo hwebundu rekutanga, nepo T1 iri melanoma iyo iri 1.0 millimeter gobvu kana zvishoma. T4 melanoma yakakura kudarika mamirimita 4.0.
- N ndeye lymph node. Kana gomarara rapararira kune ma "lymph node", rinonyanya kukura. An NX ndipo apo chiremba asingakwanise kuongorora nharaunda dzemunharaunda, nepo N0 iri apo chiremba asingakwanise kuona kuti gomarara rapararira kune mamwe mafundo. Basa reN3 ndipo apo kenza yapararira kune mamwe ma "lymph node".
- M ndeye metastasized. Kana gomarara rapararira kune dzimwe nhengo, fungidziro yacho inowanzove yehurombo. Iko M0 kudomwa ndeye kana pasina humbowo hwemastastases. M1A ndiyo apo kenza yakagadziriswa kumapapu. Zvisinei, M1C ndiyo apo kenza yakapararira kune dzimwe nhengo.
Vanachiremba vanoshandisa iyo "mamakisi" kubva kune yega yezvinhu izvi kuona danho remelanoma.
Ndeapi matanho e melanoma uye kurapwa kwakakurudzirwa?
Iyi tafura inotevera inotsanangura danho rega rega remelanoma uye chaiwo marapirwo eayo ega ega. Zvisinei, izvi zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nehutano hwomumwe munhu, zera, uye zvavanoshuvira kurapwa.
| 0 | Bundu rakangopinda mukati meganda, kana kunze kwekunze kweganda. Rimwe zita reiyi melanoma in situ. | Chiremba anowanzo bvisa bundu uye mamwe maseru akakomberedza bundu kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti gomarara rabviswa zvizere. Kazhinji kushanya kwekutevera uye kuongorora kweganda kunokurudzirwa. |
| 1A | Bundu haripfuuri 1 millimeter gobvu uye harina kupararira kune lymph node kana nhengo. Ganda hariratidzike rakaraswa kana kutsemuka panzvimbo ye melanoma. | Bundu iri rinobviswa kuvhiya. Nguva dzose bvunzo dzeganda dzinofanira kuenderera, asi kumwe kurapwa hakuwanzo kudikanwa. |
| 1B | Bundu rinosangana nechimwe chezvinhu zviviri. Kutanga, iri pasi pe 1 millimeter gobvu uye ine rakatsemuka ganda kutaridzika, kana chechipiri, iri 1 kusvika 2 millimeter gobvu isina kutsemuka kutaridzika. Izvo hazvina kupararira kune mamwe ma lymph node kana nhengo. | Kuvhiya kubvisa bundu uye maseru akakomberedza kazhinji ndizvo zvinodiwa. Kugara uchiongorora zvitsva uye zvine chekuita nekukura kweganda zvinokurudzirwa zvakare. |
| 2A | Bundu iri rakareba mamirimita 1 kusvika maviri uye rakatsemuka kana rine mamirimita maviri kusvika mana kukora uye kutsemuka. Bundu harina kupararira kune lymph node kana nhengo dzakakomberedza. | Kuvhiya kubviswa kwetishu nenhengo dzakatenderedza pamwe nekuwedzera marapirwo, senge chemotherapy uye radiation, zvinogona kukurudzirwa. |
| 2B | Bundu iri rakareba mamirimita maviri kusvika mana uye rakatsemuka kana anopfuura mamirimita mana gobvu uye risina kutsemuka nechitarisiko. Bundu harina kupararira kune dzimwe nhengo. | Kuvhiya kubvisa bundu uye mamwe matukisi akakomberedza anogona kudikanwa. Kurapa kunogona zvakare kusanganisira chemotherapy uye radiation sezvainodiwa. |
| 2C | Bundu iri rakareba kupfuura mamirimita mana uye rakatsemuka nechitarisiko. Aya mamota ane mukana wekupararira nekukurumidza. | Chiremba anozovhiya bundu. Mamwe marapirwo anogona kusanganisira chemotherapy uye / kana radiation. |
| 3A3B, 3C | Bundu iri rinogona kunge riine chero huremu. Zvisinei, masero ane kenza akapararira kune lymph nodes kana kune mamwe mavara ari kunze kwechirwere. | Kuvhiya kubviswa kwema lymph node kunokurudzirwa. Mimwe mishonga yekurapa inogona kusanganisira iyo immunotherapies Yervoy kana Imylgic. Aya ndiwo marapirwo anogamuchirwa neDAA echikamu chechitatu melanoma. |
| 4 | Maseru ane gomarara akapararira kana kufambisa metastasized kure kupfuura bundu rekutanga. Ivo vanogona kunge vari mune ma lymph node, zvimwe nhengo, kana matunhu ari kure. | Kuvhiya kubvisa bundu uye lymph node zvinokurudzirwa. Mamwe marapirwo anogona kusanganisira immunotherapy mishonga, yakanangwa maranoma kurapwa, kana kutora chikamu mumakiriniki ekuedzwa. |
Matipi ekudzivirira e melanoma
Sezvambotaurwa, melanoma inzira isingawanzoitika yegomarara reganda. Dzimwe nguva munhu anogona kunge asina nhoroondo yakakosha yekuratidzwa kwezuva asi achiri kuwana melanoma. Izvi zvinogona kuve nekuda kwenhoroondo yemhuri yemamiriro acho. Zvisinei, pane mamwe matanho aunotora kuti uderedze njodzi yako yemelanoma:
- Dzivisa kusvibiswa kwezuva kwakanyanyisa uye gara mumumvuri pese pazvinokwanisika kudzivirira mwaranzi yezuva.
- Regedza kushandisa mibhedha yekuchenesa kana mwenje wezuva mukuyedza kusuka. Sekureva kweAmerican Cancer Society, avo vanoshandisa mibhedha yekuchenesa vari panjodzi yekuwedzera melanoma.
- Shandisa mudziyo wemunemonic "Slip! Slop! Rova… uye putira! ” kuyeuka kutsvedza pahembe, kutsvedza pazodzora zuva, kurova ngowani, uye kuputira magirazi ezuva kudzivirira maziso ako pamwaranzi yezuva.
- Tarisa kugara uchiongorora ganda kuti utarise zviratidzo zvekuchinja mamota. Vamwe vanhu vanogona kutora mifananidzo yeganda ravo vozvienzanisa pamwedzi wega wega kuti vaone kana paine shanduko dzaitika.
Chero nguva iyo munhu paanoona mole inoshanduka kana nzvimbo yeganda inoita kunge yakapwanyika, yakatsemuka, kana imwe yakasemerwa muchitarisiko inofanirwa kutsvaga dermatologist kuti iongorore maronda angangoita cancer.
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