Zvese zvaunofanirwa Kuziva Nezve Poikilocytosis

Zvemukati

• Zviratidzo zve poikilocytosis
• Chii chinokonzera poikilocytosis?
• Kuongorora poikilocytosis
• Ndeapi marudzi akasiyana epoikilocytosis?
• Spherocytes
• Stomatocytes (muromo maseru)
• Codocytes (tarisa masero)
• Leptocytes
• Masero anorwara (drepanocytes)
• Elliptocytes (ovalocytes)
• Dacryocyte (teardrop masero)
• Acanthocytes (spur masero)
• Echinocytes (burr masero)
• Schizocytes (schistocytes)
• Sei poikilocytosis kurapwa?
• Ndeapi maonero?

Chii chinonzi poikilocytosis?

Poikilocytosis izita rekurapa rekuve nemasero matsvuku eropa (RBCs) muropa rako. Masero eropa asina kujairika anonzi poikilocytes.

Kazhinji, maRBC emunhu (anonziwo ma erythrocyte) akaumbwa-dhisiki aine nzvimbo yakatetepa mumativi ese. Poikilocytes anogona:

• iva anobata kumeso kupfuura zvakajairwa
• kuve akareba, akaumbwa sekirisendi, kana akaumbwa semisodzi
• vane fungidziro dzakanangana
• vane zvimwe zvisina kujairika maficha

RBCs dzinotakura okisijeni uye zvinovaka muviri kumatumbu emuviri wako uye nhengo. Kana maRBC ako asina kuumbwa zvakaenzana, vangangotadza kutakura oxygen yakakwana.

Poikilocytosis inowanzo kukonzerwa nehumwe mamiriro ehutano, senge anemia, chirwere chechiropa, kudhakwa, kana kusagadzikana kweropa. Nechikonzero ichi, kuvepo kwemapoikilocytes uye chimiro chemasero asina kujairika zvinobatsira pakuongorora mamwe marapirwo. Kana iwe uine poikilocytosis, iwe unogona kunge uine mamiriro ari pasi anoda kurapwa.

Zviratidzo zve poikilocytosis

Chiratidzo chikuru che poikilocytosis chine huwandu hwakakura (hukuru kupfuura gumi muzana) yeRBC dzakaumbwa zvisina kujairika.

Kazhinji, zviratidzo zve poikilocytosis zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Poikilocytosis inogona zvakare kutaridzirwa sechiratidzo cheimwe yakawanda matambudziko.

Zviratidzo zvakajairika zvezvimwe zvinosangana neropa, senge anemia, zvinosanganisira:

• kuneta
• ganda rakachenuruka
• kushaya simba
• mweya wekufema

Zviratidzo izvi zvinokonzerwa nekusakwana kweokisijeni kunoendeswa kumatishu nenhengo dzemuviri.

Chii chinokonzera poikilocytosis?

Poikilocytosis inowanzo kuve mugumisiro weimwe mamiriro. Poikilocytosis mamiriro anogona kugarwa nhaka kana kuwanikwa. Mamiriro enhaka anokonzerwa nekuchinja kwemajini. Mamiriro ezvinhu akawanikwa anokura gare gare muhupenyu.

Zvikonzero zvakagarwa nhaka zve poikilocytosis zvinosanganisira:

• sickle cell anemia, chirwere chemajini chinoratidzwa nemaRBC ane chimiro chisina kujairika
• thalassemia, chibereko cheropa kusagadzikana umo muviri unoita zvisina kujairika hemoglobin
• pyruvate kinase kushomeka
• McLeod syndrome, isingawanzoitika geni kusagadzikana iyo inokanganisa tsinga, moyo, ropa, uye huropi. Zviratidzo zvinowanzouya zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvinotanga pakati pekukura
• nhaka nhaka elliptocytosis
• nhaka nhaka spherocytosis

Zvinowanikwa zvikonzero zve poikilocytosis zvinosanganisira:

• iron-kushomeka kupererwa neropa, fomu yakajairika yekushomeka kunoitika kana muviri usina iron yakakwana
• megaloblastic anemia, anemia inowanzo kukonzerwa nekushomeka kwe folate kana vhitamini B-12
• autoimmune hemolytic anemias, boka rematambudziko anoitika kana immune system ichikanganisa RBCs
• chiropa uye itsvo chirwere
• kudhakwa kana chirwere chechiropa chine chekuita nedoro
• kutungamira chepfu
• chemotherapy kurapwa
• hutachiona hwakanyanya
• gomarara
• myelofibrosis

Kuongorora poikilocytosis

Vese vacheche vacheche muUnited States vanovhenekwa mamwe maratidziro eropa, senge sickle cell anemia. Poikilocytosis inogona kuongororwa panguva yekuedzwa inonzi ropa smear. Iyi bvunzo inogona kuitwa panguva yekujaidzwa kwepanyama bvunzo, kana kana iwe uchinge uchinge uchinge uchiona zvisina kutsanangurwa zviratidzo

Munguva yeropa smear, chiremba anoparadzira nhete yeropa pane maikorosikopu inotsvedza uye inosvibisa ropa kubatsira kusiyanisa maseru. Chiremba anozoona ropa pasi pe microscope, panogona kuoneka kukura uye maumbirwo eRBCs.

Haisi yega yega RBC inozotora chimiro chisina kujairika. Vanhu vane poikilocytosis vane akaumbwa maseru akasanganiswa mukati nemasero akaumbwa zvisina kujairika. Dzimwe nguva, kune akati wandei akasiyana marudzi eapoikilocytes aripo muropa. Chiremba wako achaedza kuona kuti ndeipi chimiro chakanyanya kuwanda.

Uye zvakare, chiremba wako anogona kumhanyisa bvunzo kuti aone zviri kukonzera maRBC ako asina kujairika. Chiremba wako anogona kukubvunza mibvunzo nezve nhoroondo yako yekurapa. Ive neshuwa yekuvaudza nezve ako zviratidzo kana kana iwe uri kutora chero mishonga.

Mienzaniso yeimwe bvunzo dzekuongorora inosanganisira:

• yakazara ropa kuverenga (CBC)
• serum simbi mazinga
• ferritin bvunzo
• vhitamini B-12 bvunzo
• folate bvunzo
• chiropa chinoshanda bvunzo
• mapfupa emongo bhiopsy
• pyruvate kinase bvunzo

Ndeapi marudzi akasiyana epoikilocytosis?

Kune akatiwandei akasiyana marudzi epoikilocytosis. Iyo mhando inoenderana nehunhu hweayo asina kujairika maRBCs. Nepo zvichikwanisika kuve nerinopfuura rimwe rudzi rwe poikilocyte iripo muropa chero nguva yakapihwa, kazhinji imwe mhando inozodarika mimwe.

Spherocytes

Spherocyte madiki, akaomarara maseru akatenderera asina iyo yakapetwa, yakajeka-nzvimbo yepakati yeRBC dzakaumbwa nguva dzose. Spherocyte inogona kuoneka mune anotevera mamiriro:

• nhaka nhaka spherocytosis
• autoimmune hemolytic kupererwa neropa
• hemolytic kuwedzerwa kweropa
• red sero kupatsanurwa kusagadzikana

Stomatocytes (muromo maseru)

Chikamu chepakati cheganda rema stomatocyte chakaita sedenderedzwa, kana kutsemurwa-senge, panzvimbo pekutenderera. Stomatocytes anowanzo kurondedzerwa seakaumbwa muromo, uye anogona kuonekwa kune vanhu vane:

• kudhakwa
• chirwere chechiropa
• nhaka nhaka stomatocytosis, isingawanzoitika geni kusagadzikana uko sero membrane rinodonhedza sodium ne potassium ions

Codocytes (tarisa masero)

Codocyte dzimwe nguva dzinodaidzwa kunongedzera maseru nekuti anowanzo fananidzwa nebhuru. Codocytes anogona kuoneka anotevera ezvinhu:

• thalassemia
• cholestatic chiropa chirwere
• hemoglobin C kusagadzikana
• vanhu avo vachangobva kubvisa chirwatata chavo (splenectomy)

Kunyangwe zvisiri zvakajairika, codoctyes inogona zvakare kuonekwa kune vanhu vane sickle cell anemia, iron kushomeka anemia, kana lead lead chepfu.

Leptocytes

Anowanzo kunzi masero akasvetuka, leptocyte akaonda, maseru akati sandara ane hemoglobin kumucheto kwesero. Leptocytes anoonekwa mune vanhu vane thalassemia kusagadzikana uye avo vane chirwere chinodzivirira chiropa.

Masero anorwara (drepanocytes)

Sickle maseru, kana drepanocytes, akareba, akaumbika-akaumbwa-maRBCs. Aya maseru ndiwo hunhu hwechirwere chesero anemia pamwe nehemoglobin S-thalassemia.

Elliptocytes (ovalocytes)

MaElliptocyte, anonziwo ovalocyte, ane ovhosi zvishoma kune akaumbwa-fodya ane magumo asina kujeka. Kazhinji, kuvepo kwenhamba yakakura yeeliptocyte kunoratidzira hunhu hwakagarwa nhaka inozivikanwa seyakagara nhaka elliptocytosis. Manhamba akaenzana eeliptocyte anogona kuonekwa kune vanhu vane:

• thalassemia
• myelofibrosis
• cirrhosis
• iron-kushomeka kupererwa neropa
• megaloblastic kupererwa neropa

Dacryocyte (teardrop masero)

Teardrop erythrocyte, kana dacryocyte, ari maRBC ane rimwechete kutenderera uye kumwe kunopinza kuguma. Rudzi urwu rwe poikilocyte runogona kuonekwa kune vanhu vane:

• beta-thalassemia
• myelofibrosis
• leukemia
• megaloblastic kupererwa neropa
• hemolytic kupererwa neropa

Acanthocytes (spur masero)

Acanthocyte ane zvimiro zvisina kujairika zveminzwa (zvinodaidzwa kuti spicule) kumucheto kwesero membrane. Acanthocyte anowanikwa mune akadai se:

• abetalipoproteinemia, iyo isingawanzoitika majini mamiriro ayo anokonzeresa mukundikana kutora mamwe mafuta ezvekudya
• chirwere chakakomba chechiropa
• mushure me splenectomy
• autoimmune hemolytic kupererwa neropa
• chirwere cheitsvo
• thalassemia
• McLeod chirwere

Echinocytes (burr masero)

Kufanana neacanthocyte, echinocyte zvakare ane fungidziro (spicule) pamucheto wesero membrane. Asi izvi zvinofungidzirwa zvakaenzana zvakaenzana uye zvinowanzoitika kazhinji kupfuura maacanthocyte. Echinocytes anonziwo burr masero.

Echinocytes anogona kuonekwa mune vanhu vane zvinotevera ezvinhu:

• pyruvate kinase kushomeka, nhaka yakagadziriswa yemagetsi inokanganisa kupona kweRBCs
• chirwere cheitsvo
• gomarara
• nekukurumidza zvichitevera kuwedzerwa kweropa rekare (echinocytes anogona kuumbika panguva yekuchengetedza ropa)

Schizocytes (schistocytes)

Schizocytes akaparadzaniswa maRBC. Ivo vanowanzoonekwa kune vanhu vane hemolytic anemias kana vanogona kuoneka vachipindura kune anotevera mamiriro.

• sepsis
• hutachiona hwakanyanya
• kutsva
• kukuvara kwemashuga

Sei poikilocytosis kurapwa?

Kurapa kwe poikilocytosis kunoenderana nezviri kukonzera mamiriro acho. Semuenzaniso, poikilocytosis inokonzerwa neakaderera mavitamini B-12, folate, kana simbi inogona kurapwa nekutora zvinowedzera uye nekuwedzera huwandu hweaya mavitamini mune chako chikafu. Kana, vanachiremba vanogona kurapa hosha iri pasi (sechirwere checeliac) iyo inogona kunge yakakonzera kushomeka pakutanga.

Vanhu vane nzira dzakagara nhaka dzekushaya ropa, senge sickle cell anemia kana thalassemia, vangangoda kuwedzerwa ropa kana kuwedzerwa kwemongo wepfupa kuti varape mamiriro avo. Vanhu vane chirwere chechiropa vangangoda kuisirwa, nepo avo vane hutachiona hwakakomba vangangoda mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.

Ndeapi maonero?

Maonero ekureba kwenguva yakareba poikilocytosis anoenderana nechikonzero uye nekukurumidza kuti unorapwa sei. Anemia inokonzerwa nekushomeka kwesimbi inorapika uye kazhinji inorapika, asi inogona kuva nenjodzi ikasarapwa. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kana iwe uri nepamuviri. Anemia panguva yekuzvitakura inogona kukonzera kusangana kwemimba, kusanganisira zvakakomba kuberekwa hurema (senge neural tube kuremara).

Anemia inokonzerwa nejenetic kusagadzikana senge sickle cell anemia inoda kurapwa kwoupenyu hwese, asi kufambira mberi kwekurapa kwazvino kwakavandudza maonero evaya vane mamwe matambudziko eropa.