Premature Mucheche

Zvemukati

• Zvinokonzera kuzvarwa nguva isati yakwana
• Zvinogona kuitika matambudziko ehutano muvacheche vasati vasvika
• Kurapa mwana asati azvarwa
• Maonero-enguva refu evana vasati vasvika
• Kudzivirira kuzvarwa nguva isati yakwana

Mhedziso

Kuzvarwa kunofungidzirwa kusati kwasvika, kana kutanga, painoitika pamberi pevhiki yechi37 yekubata. Kubata kwepamuviri kunotora vhiki dzinosvika makumi mana.

Mavhiki ekupedzisira ari mudumbu akakosha pakukora zvine hutano uye mukukura kwakazara kwenhengo dzakasiyana dzakakosha, kusanganisira huropi nemapapu. Ichi ndicho chikonzero vana vacheche vasati vasvika vangave nematambudziko ekurapa uye vangangoda kugara muchipatara kwenguva yakareba. Vanogona zvakare kuve neyakareba nyaya dzehutano, senge kuremara pakudzidza kana kuremara kwemuviri.

Munguva yakapfuura, kuberekwa nguva isati yakwana ndiko kwainyanya kukonzera kufa kwevacheche muUnited States. Nhasi, hunhu hwekuchengetwa kwevana vachangoberekwa hwave nani, sezvakaita mwero wekupona wevacheche vasati vazvarwa. Asi kuberekwa nguva isati yakwana kuchiri chikonzero chepamusoro chekufa kwevacheche pasirese, sekureva kwe. Ichowo chiri chikonzero chinotungamira cheinogara-kwenguva hunyanzvi kusagadzikana muvana.

Zvinokonzera kuzvarwa nguva isati yakwana

Chikonzero chekuzvarwa nguva isati yakwana kazhinji hachigone kuzivikanwa. Zvisinei, zvimwe zvinhu zvinozivikanwa kuwedzera njodzi yemukadzi yekuenda mukutanga basa.

Mukadzi ane nhumbu ane chero eanotevera mamiriro angaite mukana wekuzvarwa nguva isati yakwana:

• chirwere cheshuga
• chirwere chemoyo
• chirwere cheitsvo
• BP

Zvinhu zvine chekuita nepamuviri zvinosanganisirwa nekuzvarwa nguva isati yakwana zvinosanganisira:

• hutano husina kunaka usati uye panguva yekuzvitakura
• kusvuta, kushandisa zvinodhaka zvisiri pamutemo, kana kunwa doro rakawandisa panguva yepamuviri
• zvimwe hutachiona, senge seurinary turakiti uye amniotic membrane hutachiona
• kuberekwa nguva isati yakwana mune imwe nhumbu yapfuura
• chibereko chisina kujairika
• cervix isina kusimba kuvhura kutanga

Vakadzi vane nhumbu vane mukana wakawedzera wekusununguka nekukurumidza kana vari vadiki pane gumi nemanomwe kana kudarika makumi matatu nemashanu.

Zvinogona kuitika matambudziko ehutano muvacheche vasati vasvika

Pakutanga mwana akazvarwa, ndipo paanonyanya kuve nematambudziko ekurapa. Mwana asati aberekwa angaratidza zviratidzo izvi achangoberekwa:

• kunetseka kufema
• huremu hushoma
• yakaderera muviri mafuta
• kutadza kuchengetedza tembiricha yemuviri wenguva dzose
• kuita kushoma pane zvakajairwa
• kufamba uye matambudziko ekubatanidza
• matambudziko nekudya
• isina kuchena ganda kana yero ganda

Vana vasati vasvika vanogonawo kuberekwa vane mamiriro ekutyisidzira hupenyu. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira:

• uropi hemorrhage, kana kubuda ropa muuropi
• pulmonary hemorrhage, kana kubuda ropa mumapapu
• hypoglycemia, kana shuga shoma yeropa
• neonatal sepsis, hutachiona hweropa hutachiona
• mabayo, hutachiona uye kuzvimba kwemapapu
• patent ductus arteriosus, gomba risina kuvharwa muropa guru reropa remwoyo
• kupererwa neropa, kushomeka kwemasero matsvuku eropa ekutakura okisijeni mumuviri wese
• neonatal kufema kunetseka chirwere, chirwere chekufema chinokonzerwa nemapapu asina kusimuka

Mamwe ematambudziko aya anogona kugadziriswa kuburikidza nekutarisirwa kwakakodzera kweanenge achangozvarwa. Zvimwe zvinogona kukonzera kuremara kwenguva refu kana kurwara.

Vanachiremba vanoita bvunzo dzakasiyana siyana pavacheche vasati vakurumidza munguva pfupi mushure mekuzvara. Iyi bvunzo inobatsira kudzikisa njodzi yezvinetso. Vanachiremba zvakare vanoongorora vacheche vachienderera mberi panguva yekugara kwavo muchipatara.

Kwakajairika bvunzo dzinosanganisira:

• chest X-ray kuongorora kukura kwemoyo nemapapu
• kuongororwa kweropa kuongorora glucose, calcium, uye bilirubin mazinga
• kuongororwa kweropa reropa kuona huwandu hweropa oxygen

Kurapa mwana asati azvarwa

Vanachiremba vanowanzoedza kudzivirira kuberekwa nguva isati yakwana nekupa amai mimwe mishonga inogona kunonoka kuendesa.

Kana basa risati rasvika risingakwanise kumiswa kana kuti mucheche achida kuendeswa nguva isati yakwana, vanachiremba vanobva vagadzirira kuberekwa kune njodzi huru. Amai vangangoda kuenda kuchipatara chine neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Izvi zvichave nechokwadi chekuti mucheche anowana rubatsiro nekukasika mushure mekuzvarwa.

Mumazuva mashoma ekutanga nemavhiki ehupenyu hwemwana asati azvarwa, kuchengetwa muchipatara kunotarisa mukutsigira kukura kwenhengo kwakakosha. Mwana achangoberekwa anokwanisa kuchengetwa mune inodziya-inodzorwa inotonhora. Midziyo yekutarisa inoteedzera kurova kwemoyo wemwana, kufema, uye nemazinga eropa eokisijeni. Zvinogona kunge vhiki kana mwedzi mwana asati agona kurarama pasina rutsigiro rwekurapwa.

Vazhinji vacheche vasati vakurumidza havagone kudya nemuromo nekuti havagone kuronga kuyamwa nekumedza. Vacheche ava vanopihwa zvinovaka muviri zvakakosha kana kupinda mukati mehusimbe kana kushandisa chubhu inoiswa kuburikidza nemhuno kana muromo uye mudumbu. Kana mwana achinge asimba zvakakwana kuyamwa nekumedza, kuyamwisa kana kuyamwisa-bhodhoro zvinowanzoitika.

Mwana asati azvarwa anogona kupihwa oxygen kana mapapu avo asina kunyatso kukura. Zvichienderana nekuti mwana anogona kufema ega sei, chimwe cheanotevera chingashandiswa kuendesa oxygen:

• ventilator, muchina unopomba mweya mukati nekubuda mumapapu
• kuenderera mberi kwakanaka kwekumanikidza kwemhepo, kurapwa kunoshandisa mweya wakapfava wekuchengetedza nzira dzekuvhurika
• oxygen hood, mudziyo unokwana pamusoro pemusoro wecheche kuti upe oxygen

Kazhinji, mwana asati aberekwa anogona kuburitswa muchipatara kana vangokwanisa:

• kuyamwisa-kana kuyamwisa-bhodhoro
• fema usina rutsigiro
• chengetedza tembiricha yemuviri uye huremu hwemuviri

Maonero-enguva refu evana vasati vasvika

Vacheche vasati vasvika vanowanzoda kutarisirwa chaiko. Ichi ndicho chikonzero ivo kazhinji vanotanga hupenyu hwavo muNICU. Iyo NICU inopa nharaunda inodzora kushushikana kumwana. Inopawo kudziya, kudya kunovaka muviri, uye dziviriro inodiwa pakukura kwakanaka uye kusimukira.

Nekuda kwekufambira mberi kwakawanda munguva pfupi yapfuura mukutarisira vanaamai uye vacheche, huwandu hwekupona kwevana vasati vasvika hwakavandudzwa. Imwe ongororo yakaburitswa yakaratidza kuti mwero wekupona wevacheche vanozvarwa pasati pavhiki makumi maviri nemasere, unofungidzirwa kuti wakurumidza kusvika, wakakwira kubva pa70 muzana muna 1993 kusvika pa79 muzana muna2012.

Kunyangwe zvakadaro, vacheche vese vasati vasvika vari panjodzi yekunetseka kwenguva refu. Zvinetso zvekuvandudza, zvekurapa, uye zvehunhu zvinogona kuenderera kuburikidza nehudiki. Zvimwe zvinogona kutokonzeresa kuremara zvachose.

Zvinetso zvakajairika zvenguva refu zvine chekuita nekuzvarwa nguva isati yakwana, kunyanya kusati kwanyanyisa, zvinosanganisira:

• matambudziko ekunzwa
• kurasikirwa kana kuona
• kuremara pakudzidza
• kuremara mumuviri
• kunonoka kukura uye kusangana kwakashata

Vabereki vevacheche vasati vakurumidza vanofanirwa kunyatsoteerera kune kwavo kwemwana kuziva uye mota kukura. Izvi zvinosanganisira kubudirira kwehumwe hunyanzvi, senge kunyemwerera, kugara, uye kufamba.

Kutaura nekuvandudza hunhu zvakare kwakakosha kuongorora. Vamwe vacheche vasati vasvika vangangoda kurapwa kwekutaura kana kurapwa kwemuviri muhudiki hwavo.

Kudzivirira kuzvarwa nguva isati yakwana

Kuwana nekukurumidza uye kwakakodzera prenatal kuchengetedzwa zvakanyanya kunoderedza mikana yekuzvarwa nguva isati yakwana. Zvimwe zvakakosha matanho ekudzivirira anosanganisira:

Kudya chikafu chine hutano usati uye panguva yekuzvitakura kwako. Ita shuwa yekudya yakawanda yezviyo zvakakwana, mapuroteni akaonda, miriwo, uye michero.Kutora folic acid uye calcium zvinowedzera zvakare zvinokurudzirwa.

Kunwa mvura yakawanda zuva rega rega. Mari yakakurudzirwa magirazi masere pazuva, asi iwe uchazoda kunwa yakawanda kana iwe uchirovedza muviri.

Kutora aspirin zuva nezuva kutanga mune yekutanga trimester. Kana iwe uine BP yakakwira kana nhoroondo yekuzvarwa nguva isati yakwana, chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira kuti utore 60 kusvika 80 mamirigiramu easpirini zuva rega rega.

Kurega kusvuta, kushandisa zvinodhaka zvisiri pamutemo, kana kushandisa zvakanyanyisa mishonga yakanyorwa. Izvi zviitiko panguva yekuzvitakura zvinogona kutungamira kune yakanyanya njodzi yehumwe hurema hwekuzvara pamwe nekupererwa nemimba.

Taura nachiremba wako kana iwe uine hanya nezvekuzvarwa nguva isati yakwana. Chiremba wako anogona kukwanisa kupa mamwe matanho ekudzivirira anogona kubatsira kudzikisa njodzi yako yekuzvara nguva isati yakwana.