Chii chinonzi Synaptic Kuchekerera?

Zvemukati

• Tsanangudzo
• Kuchekera kwe synaptic kunoshanda sei?
• Kuchekera kwema synaptic kunoitika rini?
• Pakutanga embryonic nhanho kusvika makore maviri
• Makore maviri kusvika gumi makore
• Kuyaruka
• Kutanga kukura
• Kuchekerera kwema synaptic kunotsanangura kutanga kwechichichichiphrenia here?
• Kuchekacheka kwe synaptic kwakabatana ne autism?
• Iko kupi kutsvagisa nezve synaptic kuchekerera kunotungamirwa?

Tsanangudzo

Kuchenesa kweSynaptic chiitiko chemuzvarirwo chinoitika muuropi pakati pehucheche nekukura. Munguva yekuchekerera kwema synaptic, uropi hunobvisa mamwe ma synapses. Synapses zvimiro zvehuropi izvo zvinobvumidza mauroni kuendesa chiratidzo chemagetsi kana chemakemikari kune imwe neuron.

Kuchekerera kweSynaptic kunofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo nzira yehuropi yekubvisa kubatana muuropi izvo zvisingachadiwe. Vatsvakurudzi vachangobva kudzidza kuti uropi hwakawanda "mapurasitiki" uye hunoumbika kupfuura zvaifungidzirwa kare. Synaptic kuchekerera inzira yemuviri wedu yekuchengetedza hunyanzvi hunoshanda hwehuropi sezvo isu tichikura uye tichidzidza ruzivo rutsva rwakaomarara.

Sezvo zvakawanda zvichidzidzwa pamusoro pekuchekerera kwema-synaptic, vazhinji vaongorori vari kushamisika kana paine kubatana pakati pekuchekerera kwema-synaptic uye kutanga kwezvimwe zvinetso, zvinosanganisira schizophrenia uye autism.

Kuchekera kwe synaptic kunoshanda sei?

Munguva yehucheche, uropi hunowana huwandu hukuru hwekukura. Iko kuputika kwesynapse kugadzirwa pakati peeuron panguva yekutanga kwehuropi kukura. Izvi zvinonzi synaptogenesis.

Iyi inokurumidza nguva ye synaptogenesis inoita basa rakakosha mukudzidza, ndangariro kuumbwa, uye kugadzirisa pakutanga kwehupenyu. Pamakore angangoita maviri kusvika matatu ezera, huwandu hwemasynapses hunorova chikamu chepamusoro. Asi zvino nguva pfupi mushure menguva ino yekukura kwema synaptic, uropi hunotanga kubvisa ma synapses ayo asisade.

Kamwe uropi paunogadzira synapse, inogona kusimbiswa kana kupera simba. Izvi zvinoenderana nekuti kangani synapse inoshandiswa. Mune mamwe mazwi, maitiro acho anotevera iyo "chishandise kana kuchirasa" musimboti: MaSinaponi anoshanda zvakanyanya anosimbiswa, uye masipapasi asingashande anoshomeka uye pakupedzisira anotemwa. Maitiro ekubvisa ma synapses asina basa panguva ino anonzi sekuchekerera kwema synaptic.

Kuchekera kwekutanga kwema-synaptic kunonyanya kukanganiswa nemagene edu. Gare gare, zvinoenderana nezvedu zviitiko. Mune mamwe mazwi, kungave kana kwete iyo synapse inogurwa inokanganiswa nezviitiko izvo mwana ari kukura anazvo nenyika yakavapoteredza. Kugara uchikurudzira kunokonzera kuti masynapses akure uye ave echigarire. Asi kana mwana akagamuchirwa kushoma uropi hunoramba hushoma pane izvo zvinongedzo.

Kuchekera kwema synaptic kunoitika rini?

Nguva yekuchekererwa kwema synaptic inosiyana nedunhu rehuropi. Kumwe kucheka kwema-synaptic kunotanga kutanga kwazvo mukuvandudzika, asi kuchekerera kunonyanya kuitika kunoitika pakati peanenge makore maviri negumi nematanhatu.

Pakutanga embryonic nhanho kusvika makore maviri

Kukura kwehuropi mudumbu kunotanga mavhiki mashoma mushure mekubata. Pamwedzi wechinomwe wekubata, fetus inotanga kuburitsa mafungu ayo ehuropi. Nyowani nyowani uye masynapses anoumbwa nehuropi pamwero wakanyanya kwazvo panguva ino.

Pakati pegore rekutanga rehupenyu, huwandu hwemasynapses muuropi hwemucheche hunokura zvakapetwa kagumi. Pakazosvika makore maviri kana matatu, mucheche anenge aine gumi neshanu epasi nesekiseni.

Mune inoonekwa cortex yeuropi (iyo chikamu chinotarisana nekuona), kugadzirwa kwesynapse kunorova kukwirira kwayo paanenge mwedzi misere yezera. Muye preortal cortex, epamusoro mamazinga ema synapses anoitika imwe nguva mukati megore rekutanga rehupenyu. Ichi chikamu chehuropi chinoshandiswa kune akasiyana maitiro akaomarara, kusanganisira kuronga uye hunhu.

Makore maviri kusvika gumi makore

Pakati pegore rechipiri rehupenyu, huwandu hwemasynapses inodonha zvakanyanya. Kuchekerera kweSynaptic kunoitika nekukurumidza zvikuru pakati pemakore maviri neanomwe. Munguva ino, ingangoita makumi mashanu muzana yemamwe masipapasi anobviswa. Mune inoonekwa cortex, kuchekerera kunoenderera kusvika makore matanhatu.

Kuyaruka

Kuchekerera kweSynaptic kunoenderera kuburikidza nekuyaruka, asi kwete nekukurumidza sekutanga. Iyo yakazara nhamba yeiyo synapses inotanga kudzikama.

Nepo vaongorori vakambofunga kuti huropi hunongochekera ma synapses kusvika pazera rekuyaruka, kufambira mberi kwezvino kwakawana yechipiri yekuchekerera nguva munguva yekuyaruka.

Kutanga kukura

Zvinoenderana nekutsvaga kutsva, synaptic kuchekerera kunopfuurira mukutanga kukura uye kunomira imwe nguva kuma20s apera.

Sezvineiwo, panguva ino kutemwa kunowanzoitika muhuropi hwepamberi pehuropi, inova chikamu chehuropi chakabatikana zvakanyanya mukuita sarudzo, kusimudzira hunhu, uye kufunga kwakakomba.

Kuchekerera kwema synaptic kunotsanangura kutanga kwechichichichiphrenia here?

Kutsvagurudza kunotarisa hukama pakati peiyo synaptic kuchekerera uye schizophrenia kuchiri mumatanho ekutanga. Mufungo uyu ndewekuti schizophrenic uropi "hwakatemerwa zvakanyanya," uye uku-kuchekerera zvakanyanya kunokonzerwa nekuchinja kwemajini kunokanganisa mashandiro ekuchekerera.

Semuenzaniso, apo vaongorori pavakatarisa mifananidzo yehuropi hwevanhu vane kusagadzikana kwepfungwa, senge schizophrenia, vakaona kuti vanhu vane kusagadzikana kwepfungwa vaive nemashopu mashoma munzvimbo yepamberi zvichienzaniswa nehuropi hwevanhu vasina kusagadzikana kwepfungwa.

Zvino, kuongororwa kwakaitwa post-mortem brain tishu uye DNA kubva kuvanhu vanopfuura zviuru zana uye vakaona kuti vanhu vane schizophrenia vane imwe geni misiyano iyo inogona kusangana nekumhanyisa kwemaitiro eiyo synaptic kuchekerera.

Kumwe kutsvagurudza kunodiwa kuti usimbise iyo fungidziro yekuti isina kujairika synaptic kuchekerera kunobatsira kuschizophrenia. Kunyangwe ichi chichiri kure, synaptic kuchekerera kunogona kuratidza chinonakidza tarisiro yekurapa kune vanhu vane kusagadzikana kwepfungwa.

Kuchekacheka kwe synaptic kwakabatana ne autism?

Masayendisiti haasati anyatso tsanangura chaicho chikonzero cheatism. Zvichida kuti pane zvinhu zvakawanda zviri kutamba, asi nguva pfupi yadarika, tsvagiridzo yakaratidza kubatana pakati pechinjika mune mamwe mageneti ane chekuita nesynaptic basa uye autism spectrum kusagadzikana (ASD).

Kusiyana nekutsvagisa schizophrenia, iyo inofungidzira kuti huropi "hwakatemerwa zvakanyanya," vaongorori vanofungidzira kuti uropi hwevanhu vane autism hunogona "kutemwa zvishoma." Pfungwa, saka, uku kutemerwa-pasi kunotungamira mukuwandisa kwema synapses mune mamwe mativi europi.

Kuti vaedze iyi fungidziro, vatsvaguriri vakatarisa hunyoro hwevana gumi nevatanhatu nevachiri kuyaruka vane uye vasina autism vakapfuura pakati pemakore maviri kusvika makumi maviri. Masayendisiti akawana kuti uropi hwevachiri kuyaruka vane autism hwaive nema synapses akawanda kupfuura huropi hwevechidiki vechidiki. . Vana vadiki mumapoka ese ari maviri vaive nenhamba dzakaenzana dzema synapses. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti mamiriro acho anogona kuitika panguva yekuchekerera. Uku kutsvagisa kunongoratidza mutsauko muma synapses, asi kwete kana uyu mutsauko ungave uri chikonzero kana mhedzisiro yeatism, kana kungoita musangano.

Iyi dzidziso yekuchekerera-pasi inogona kubatsira kutsanangura zvimwe zvezviratidzo zvakajairika zveatism, sekunyanyisa kuruzha, mwenje, uye neruzivo rwevanhu, pamwe nekubatwa nepfari. Kana paine masynapses akawandisa anopfura kamwechete, munhu ane autism angangozoona kuwanda kweruzha pane kupindurwa nehuropi.

Pamusoro pezvo, kutsvagurudza kwakapfuura kwakabatanidza autism nekuchinja kwemajini anoita papuroteni inozivikanwa seMTOR kinase. Huru huwandu hwakawanda hwekunyanyisa mTOR hwakawanikwa muhuropi hwevarwere ve autism. Kuwedzera-chiitiko mune mTOR nzira yakaratidzirwawo kuve inosanganisirwa neyakawandisa kugadzirwa kwema synapses. Imwe ongororo yakawana kuti mbeva dzine overactive mTOR dzaive nehurema mune yavo synaptic kuchekerera uye kuratidza ASD-senge mafambiro ehunhu.

Iko kupi kutsvagisa nezve synaptic kuchekerera kunotungamirwa?

Synaptic kuchekerera chikamu chakakosha mukukura kwehuropi. Nekubvisa ma synapses ayo asisiri kushandiswa, huropi hunowedzera kushanda sezvaunenge uchikwegura.

Nhasi, mazano mazhinji nezve kukura kwehuropi hwevanhu anotora pane iyi pfungwa yeuropi plastiki. Vatsvakurudzi vava kutsvaga nzira dzekudzora kuchekerera nemishonga kana yakanangwa kurapwa. Ivo vari zvakare kutarisa kuti vangashandise sei iyi nyowani nzwisiso yesynaptic kuchekerera kunatsiridza dzidzo yehucheche. Vatsvagiri vari kudzidza zvakare maumbirwo emasikoponi angaite sei mukuremara kwepfungwa.

Maitiro ekuchera masunaptic anogona kuve anovimbisa ekurapa kune vanhu vane mamiriro senge schizophrenia uye autism. Nekudaro, kutsvagisa kuchiri mumatanho ekutanga.