Izvo Izvo Munhu wese Anofanirwa Kuziva Nezve Kukwira kweU.S. Kuzviuraya Mitengo

Zvemukati

• Kuzviuraya uye Kurwara Kwepfungwa
• Iyo Technology Factor
• Zvakawanda Zvimwe Zvinhu
• Trigger Yambiro: Iyo Inopararira Maonero Ekuzviuraya
• Maitiro Ekutora Chiito
• Ongororo ye

Vhiki rapfuura, nhau dzekufa kwevanhu vaviri vane mukurumbira-uye vanodiwa-tsika dzakazunza nyika.

Kutanga, Kate Spade, makumi mashanu nemashanu, muvambi weake eponymous fashoni yemhando inozivikanwa neakajeka uye cheery aesthetics, akazvitora hupenyu. Zvino, Anthony Bourdain, makumi matanhatu nematanhatu, mubiki ane mukurumbira, munyori, uye bon vivant, akafa nekuzviuraya achitora firimu rake rekufamba reCNN, Zvikamu Zvisingazivikanwe, muFrance.

Kune vanhu vaviri vaiita kunge vakazara nehupenyu, kufa kwavo kuri kunetsa.

Kuwedzera kune kusagadzikana ndezvitsva zvakawanikwa zvakaburitswa neCenters for Disease Control and Prevention svondo rimwe chetero. Kuzviuraya ndechimwe chezvikonzero gumi zvekufa muUS, uye chechipiri chinokonzera rufu pakati pevanhu vane makore gumi kusvika makumi maviri nemana, maererano neCDC. Zvakaipisisa, nhamba dziri kukwira. Kuzviuraya kwakawedzera munharaunda yese kubva muna 1999 kusvika muna 2016, nepo makumi maviri neshanu dzakaona kuwedzera kwekuzviuraya kweanopfuura makumi matatu muzana.

Uye nepo varume vachiverengera huzhinji hwekuzviuraya munyika ino, mukaha wechikadzi uri kudzikira, sezvo huwandu hwevakadzi vanotora hupenyu hwavo hunokwira. Huwandu hwekuzviuraya pakati pevakomana nevarume hwakawedzera ne21 muzana, asi ne50 muzana yevasikana nevakadzi kubva 2000 kusvika 2016, sekureva kweNational Center for Health Statistics. (Yakabatana: Ini ndaitwa Kuramba Ndakanyarara Nezve Kuzviuraya)

Pano, nyanzvi dzinogovana ruzivo pamusoro penyaya yehutano hweveruzhinji, kusanganisira izvo zvinogona kuitwa kubatsira kurwisa izvi zvinotyisa manhamba.

Kuzviuraya uye Kurwara Kwepfungwa

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, nhamba dzinoshungurudza hadzigone kuverengerwa kuchinhu chimwe chete. Pane musanganiswa wemagariro ehupfumi nemagariro emagariro anogona kuita chikamu mukukwira kwemitengo, anodaro Susan McClanahan, Ph.D., mukuru wekiriniki paInsight Behavioral Health Centers.

Chimwe chinhu chikuru chengozi icho kuzviuraya kuzhinji kwakafanana, asi, kuvepo kwekuora mwoyo kwekuchipatara kana kushushikana kukuru kwekuora mwoyo, anodaro Lena Franklin, LCSW, chiremba wepfungwa anofunga muAtlanta. "Kana kusakosha, kusava netariro, uye kusuwa kwakapararira kuripo, zvinoreva munhu kurarama zvipenga, zvichiwedzera njodzi yekuzviuraya."

Zvimwe zvirwere zvepfungwa, zvakadai sebipolar disorder, kusagadzikana kwekufunganya, uye kusagadzikana kwekushandisa zvinodhaka, pamwe nekukanganisika kwakasiyana kwehunhu (kunyanya borderline personality disorder) zvinogonawo kukanganisa pfungwa yekuzviuraya uye chinangwa, McClanahan anoti.

Nehurombo, vanhu vazhinji kwazvo vanonetseka nenyaya dzehutano hwepfungwa havawani rubatsiro rwavanoda-kana kutomboziva kuti ivo have hutano hwepfungwa. Chirevo cheCDC chakawana kuti vanopfuura hafu yevanhu (makumi mashanu muzana) vakafa nekuzviuraya havana kuzivikanwa (mune iyi kesi, kuongororwa) hutano hwepfungwa. Ndosaka kuzviuraya kuchiwanzo kuvhundutsa mhuri neshamwari. Izvi zvinogona kuve zvinofungidzirwa kuverengerwa mukuzvidzwa kunosanganisirwa nehurwere hwepfungwa, izvo zvinogona kutadzisa vanhu vazhinji kuwana rubatsiro rwavanoda, anodaro McClanahan.

"Inogona kunge iri mubatanidzwa wekuzvidzwa uye kushomeka kwedzidzo," anowedzera Joy Harden Bradford, Ph.D., chiremba wepfungwa uye muvambi weTherapy yeBlack Girls. "Dzimwe nguva vanhu vakabata nezvinhu zvakawandisa muhupenyu hwavo zvekuti havatomboziva kurwadziwa kwavari kana kuti kuri kukanganisa sei mashandiro avo ezuva nezuva."

Chinhu chimwe ndechechokwadi, zvakadaro. No imwe haina hutachiona hwepfungwa kana pfungwa dzekuzviuraya uye zviito, sekufa kwaBourdain naSpade. Kunyangwe isu tisingazive chaizvo zvakakonzera kuzviuraya kwavo, kufa kwavo humbowo hwekuti kuwana budiriro yezvemari kana mukurumbira hakudzivise kusafara, uye hazvireve kuti munhu ane nzira achatsvaga rubatsiro rwehunyanzvi rwavanoda. "Mari yemari haisi chinhu chinodzivirira kuzviuraya," Bradford anonongedza. (Yakabatana: Olivia Munn Akangotumira Meseji Inesimba Nezve Kuzviuraya Pane Instagram)

Asi hazvigone kurambwa kuti kune vamwe vanhu vazhinji vari kunetseka nenyika, mutengo unogona kuve chinhu chakamira munzira yavo. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nechikamu chekurasikirwa nemari yehurumende yezvehutano hwepfungwa mumakore gumi apfuura, anodaro McClanahan. Kubvira pakaderera hupfumi muna2008, nyika dzakacheka madhora mazana mana emabhiriyoni ekubhadhara mari kune aya masevhisi. “Tsvagiridzo yakaratidza kuti kurapwa kunobatsira vanhu vanezvirwere zvepfungwa, asi isu hatigone kubatsira vanhu kana vasingakwanise kurapwa,” anodaro.

Iyo Technology Factor

Chimwe chikonzero chinokonzeresa chingave chiri kungodiwawo kwehupenyu hwedu nhasi, anodaro Franklin. Sezvaungafungidzira, kumuka uye kutarisa email, Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, uye Snapchat-nguva nenguva-hazvisi kunyatsoita zvishamiso zvehutano hwako hwepfungwa.

"Tsika yedu yekumadokero inoisa huwandu hwakawanda hwekuvimba netekinoroji uye kusagadzikana kwekubatana, izvo zvinongotungamira kumatunhu asina kumboitika ekuora mwoyo nekushushikana," anodaro Franklin. "Maitiro edu emuviri haana waya kuti awane huwandu hwebasa uye hupenyu hunodiwa hwatinotarisira kubva mupfungwa dzedu nemiviri zuva nezuva."

Zvemagariro midhiya anogona kuva maviri-anocheka pfumo, anodaro Ashley Hampton, Ph.D., chiremba wepfungwa uye bhizinesi murairidzi. Kunyangwe iyo ichikubvumidza iwe kushamwaridzana nevamwe, izvi zvekubatana zvinowanzoitika zvepamusoro uye hazvikupe iyo imwecheteyo oxytocin-inodziya uye isina kusimba manzwiro ehukama hwehukama hwehukama.

Kuona chete izvo zvinoratidzwa kwauri-nemamwe mazwi, iyo "highlight reel" -inogona kuita kuti unzwe kushushikana nezvehupenyu hwako pachako, anowedzera Hampton. Uye iyo "hookup tsika" inopfuuridzirwa neanofambidzana maapplication hainyatso kukubatsira iwe kuti unzwe uchikosheswa futi, sezvo ivo vanowanzo kuratidza vanhu sevanogona kutsiva neimwe chete swipe, anodaro McClanahan.

Chekupedzisira, iyo yekufananidza inogara iripo iyo yemagariro midhiya inokukoka iwe kuti uite inotungamira kune njodzi yekudzikisira kuzviremekedza uye kuora mwoyo zviratidzo. Franklin anoona izvi kazhinji mune kwake kwepfungwa-kwakavakirwa psychotherapy tsika. "Ndinoona vechidiki vanowira mukuora mwoyo kana vasingagamuchire akawanda 'vanoda' paavhareji pamifananidzo yavo ye Instagram sevezera ravo repedyo," anodaro. Uye pfungwa yekuzvitarisira pasi inogona kukonzeresa kuora moyo, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi yekuzviuraya. "

Zvakawanda Zvimwe Zvinhu

Zvakadaro, zvakakosha kuti uzive "kune zvakawanda zvinovhiringidza izvo zvinoita kuti mumwe munhu azvisarudzire kuzviuraya zvatinoziva kubva kune avo vasina kuzviuraya," anodaro Hampton.

Nepo kumwe kutsvakurudza kwakaratidza kuti vakawanda se90 muzana yevanhu vanofa nekuzviuraya ita kuva nechirwere chepfungwa, nzira dzekutsvagisa mune izvo zvidzidzo dzinogona kunge dzakakanganisa, anodaro Hampton. Kune akawanda njodzi njodzi dzekuzviuraya kupfuura chirwere chepfungwa.

Somuenzaniso, kumwe kuzviuraya kunogona kuitika netsaona, anodaro Hampton. "Izvi zvinogona kuitika kana mumwe akadhakwa, semuenzaniso, uye achitamba nepfuti yakatakurwa kana kuita dzimwe sarudzo dzine njodzi." Zvimwe zvinokanganisa zvinogona kusanganisira zviitiko zvinoshungurudza muhupenyu hwemumwe munhu, sekurasikirwa nebasa, kufukurirwa imba, kufa kwemudiwa, kana chirwere chakakomba chirwere, anodaro. (Hampton anonongedzerawo kukuwedzera kwekuzviuraya sesarudzo paanowanikwa aine chirwere chisingaperi, senge kuzviuraya kwakabatsira chiremba.)

Mamiriro ezvinhu ezvematongerwo enyika enyika anogonawo kuve nemhedzisiro, anodaro Hampton, sezvo kusarerekera kuchigona kunzwa kuremerwa nevanhu vari kutonetsekana, kana chirwere chepfungwa.

Trigger Yambiro: Iyo Inopararira Maonero Ekuzviuraya

Kana munhu wevanhu atora hupenyu hwake, pane njodzi yeanodaidzwa kuti "copycat kuzviuraya" kana "kuzviuraya kutapukira" zvichitevera kuwanda kwenhau. Pfungwa iyi inotsigirwa nehumbowo hweanecdotal pamwe nehuwandu hwezvidzidzo zvekutsvaga, anodaro Hampton. Pane humbowo izvi zviri kuitika izvozvi: Kuzviuraya nharembozha yakakwira 65 muzana mushure mekufa kweSpade neBourdain.

Ichi chinoshamisa chinozivikanwa seWerther mhedzisiro, iyo inonzi zita remhare mune 1774 inoverengeka naJohann Wolfgang von Goethe, Kushungurudzika kwevechidiki Werther. Iyo nyaya inotevera murume wechidiki anozviuraya semhedzisiro yerudo rusingadzokere. Mushure mekuburitswa kwebhuku racho, painzi paive nekuwedzera kwekuzviuraya pakati pevarume vechidiki.

Mukana wekuzviuraya kwecopycat unowedzerwa nekuburitswa kwenhau "kunofadza" rufu, kunosanganisira zvinoshamisa kana mifananidzo, uye/kana kuenderera kwenguva yakareba, anodaro Hampton. Iyi iri pamudzi weiyo furor yakatenderedza iyo Netflix show 13 Zvikonzero Nei, izvo zvakanzi nevamwe vatsoropodzi zvibviswe. (Yakabatana: Nyanzvi Dzinotaura Zvichipesana Ne "Zvikonzero gumi Nezvitatu Nei" MuZita reKuzvidzivirira)

Maitiro Ekutora Chiito

Zvinoita kunge chinetso chakakura kugadzirisa. Asi wakashongedzerwa neruzivo rwezviratidzo zvekuzviuraya, maitiro ekuita, uye kwekuwana rubatsiro-kungave uri kunzwa kushomeka kana kuziva mumwe munhu ari-munhu wese anogona kubatsira nekuwana rubatsiro.

Saka, chii chaunofanira kutarisa? Zviratidzo zvekuzviuraya zvinogona kusiyana, anodaro Hampton. Vamwe vanhu vanogona kunzwa kuora moyo nekunzwa kusuruvara, matambudziko ekurara, kunzwa kwekuzvipa mhosva uye kusava netariro, uye / kana kurega kubva kune vamwe.

Sekureva kweCDC, izvi ndizvo zviratidzo gumi nezviviri zvekuti mumwe munhu angave achifunga kuzviuraya:

• Kunzwa kunge mutoro
• Kuva wega
• Kuwedzera kunetseka
• Kunzwa wakasungwa kana mukurwadziwa kusingatsungiririki
• Kuwedzera kwekushandisa kwezvinhu
• Kutsvaga nzira yekuwana inouraya zvinoreva
• Kuwedzera kutsamwa kana kutsamwa
• Kunyanyisa kunetseka
• Kuratidza kusava netariro
• Kurara zvishoma kana zvakanyanya
• Kutaura kana kutumira nezve kuda kufa
• Kuita zvirongwa zvekuzviuraya

Kana iwe uchinzwa kunge mumwe munhu angave ari mungozi yekuzviuraya, tevera nhanho shanu idzi, dzakatsanangurwa nemushandirapamwe wekudzivirira kuzviuraya # BeThe1To:

1. Bvunza mibvunzo. Mibvunzo yakadai se "Uri kufunga nezvekuzviuraya here?" kana "Ndingabatsire sei?" inotaura kuti iwe wakasununguka kutaura nezvazvo. Ive neshuwa yekubvunza nenzira isina mhosva, uye nekudzoka, teerera. Edza kuteerera kwete chete zvikonzero zvavo zvekufunga nezve kutora hupenyu hwavo, asi zvakare teerera zvikonzero zvekurarama uri mupenyu zvaunogona kuratidza.
2. Zvichengete zvakachengeteka. Tevere, ona kana ivo vatora chero matanho ekuzviuraya. Vane hurongwa here? Pane matanho akaiswa mukuita here? Kana vachigona kuwana zvinhu zvakaita sepfuti kana mapiritsi, fonerai vakuru kana National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, yakanyorwa pazasi.
3. Iva uripo. Kunyangwe iwe uchigona kuvapo panyama nemumwe munhu kana kugara navo parunhare, kugara navo kunogona kuponesa chaiko hupenyu hwemumwe munhu. Kutsvagurudza kunoratidza kuti pfungwa ye "kubatana" nevamwe vanhu inobatsira kudzivirira kuzviuraya, nepo pfungwa ye "kushomeka" kana kupatsanurwa munharaunda chinhu chekufunga kuzviuraya.
4. Vabatsire kubatana. Tevere, vabatsire kuti vawane vamwe vanogona kuvatsigira panguva yedambudziko, kuti vagone kumisikidza "neti yekuchengetedza" yakavapoteredza. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira varapi, nhengo dzemhuri, kana mamwe manyuko erutsigiro mukati memharaunda yavo.
5. Tevera. Kunyangwe iri voicemail, mameseji, kufona, kana kushanya, tevera kuti munhu iyeye azive kuti une hanya nezvavari kuita, vachienderera mberi nepfungwa yavo ye "kubatana."

Kuti utarisire hutano hwako hwepfungwa, Franklin anokurudzira kudzidzira kuzvitarisira-uye kwete kungoita bubble-bath-uye-facemask mhando.

• Endai kunoona murapi we "tune up" yemanzwiro pane zvinoenderana. (Heano maitiro ekuita kuti kurapwa kushande pane bhajeti, uye maitiro ekuti uwane yakanakisa murapi yako.)
• Iva nerudo, nerutsigiro network yeshamwari uye mhuri iyo iwe yaunogona kuvimba nayo kana hupenyu hwaita kusagadzikana uye kurwadza.
• Dzidzira iyo yoga uye kufungisisa. "Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti maitiro epfungwa nemuviri anoderedza zviratidzo zvekushushikana nekuchinja hukama hwedu nemafungiro asina kunaka uye nekuchinja muviri wedu," anodaro. (Heino apo kurovedza muviri kunobatsira-uye kana iwe uchifanira kutora kurapa danho rinopfuurira.)
• Bvuma matambudziko ehupenyu. "Senzanga, tinofanirwa kubvuma kurwadziwa nekurwadziwa kwehupenyu kuitira kudzivirira kubatana nekukwana," anodaro Franklin. "Kugashira kurwira kwehupenyu kunokudza hupfumi hwayo kuomarara pane kuenderera nekushushikana nekushushikana kwakadzika midzi mutsika dzetsika dzekushanda zvakapfurikidza."

Kana iwe uchinetseka nepfungwa dzekuzviuraya kana wakambonzwa kushungurudzika kwenguva yakati, fonera iyo National Suicide Prevention Lifeline pa1-800-273-TALK (8255) kuti utaure nemumwe munhu achapa pachena uye zvakavanzika rutsigiro maawa makumi maviri nemana. zuva, mazuva manomwe pavhiki.

Ongororo ye